endum for the electors of such city in regard to its municipal affairs, prosided that the ordinance establishing and providing the method of exercising such initiative and referendum shall not take effect until ratified by vote of a majority of the electors of said city, voting thereon at a municipal election. Provided, however, that the legislature may at any time provide a uniform method for the exercise of the initiative and referendum in municipal affairs." "Sect. 22. Until the legislature shall enact further regulations not inconsistent with the constitution for applying the people's veto and direct initiative, the election officers and other officials shall be governed by the provisions of his constitution and of the general law, supplemented by such reasonable action as may be necessary to render the preceding sections self-executing."45

ARTICLE XXXII.

SUBMISSION OF AMENDMENTS.

Section two in article ten as amended by the resolve of the fifty-eighth egislature passed March fourth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and dopted September eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, is hereby further amended by striking out the words: "in the manner prescribed by aw, at their next biennial meetings in the month of September," and inserting place thereof the words: 'to meet in the manner prescribed by law for alling and holding biennial meetings of said inhabitants for the election of nators and representatives on the second Monday in September following the passage of said resolve:" so that said section as amended, shall read as follows:

"Section 2. The legislature, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem necessary, may propose amendments to this constitution; and, when any endments shall be so agreed upon, a resolution shall be passed and sent to the selectmen of the several towns, and the assessors of the several plantaJus, empowering and directing them to notify the inhabitants of their spective towns and plantations, to meet in the manner prescribed by law for calling and holding biennial meetings of said inhabitants for the election enators and representatives, on the second Monday in September followg the passage of said resolve, to give in their votes on the question, whether ach amendments shall be made; and if it shall appear that a majority of the nhabitants voting on the question are in favor of such amendment, it shall ecome a part of this constitution."46

ARTICLE XXXIII.

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.

Augusta is hereby declared to be the seat of government of this state.47

ARTICLE XXXIV.

MUNICIPAL INDEBTEDNESS.

That the following amendment to the constitution of this state be proosed for the action of the legal voters of this state in the manner proided by the constitution, to wit, article twenty-two of said constitution, limitng municipal indebtedness, is hereby amended by inserting after the word town" in the first line thereof, the following words, "having less than forty thousand inhabitants, according to the last census taken by the United States," d by inserting after the word "however" in the fourth line, the following words, "that cities having a population of forty thousand or more, according the last census taken by the United States may create a debt or liability Proposed by the legislature on Mch. 20, 1907, ratified on Sept. 14, 1908, effectTe on the first Wednesday of January, 1909. "Proposed by the legislature on Mch. 28, We on the first Wednesday of January, 1909. Proposed by the legislature on Mch. 31, Se on Jan. 23, 1913.

1907, ratified on Sept. 14, 1908, effectSee Article XXXVII of Amendments. 1911, ratified on Sept. 11, 1911, effect

which single or in, the aggregate with previous debt or liability, shall equal seven and one-half per centum of the last regular valuation of said city, that cities of forty thousand inhabitants or over, may, by a majority vote of thei city government, increase the present rate of five per centum by one-fourth a one per centum in any one municipal year until in not less than ten years, th maximum rate of seven and one-half per cent is reached, that any city fail ing to take the increase in any one municipal year then the increase for tha year is lost and no increase can be made until the next year as provided abou and provided further," so that said article as amended, shall read as follows "No city or town having less than forty thousand inhabitants, according ↑ the last census taken by the United States, shall hereafter create any debt ( liability, which single or in the aggregate, with previous debts or liabilitį shall exceed five per centum of the last regular valuation of said city or towi provided, however, that cities having a population of forty thousand or mor according to the last census taken by the United States, may create a de or liability which single or in the aggregate, with previous debts or liabilitie shall equal seven and one-half per cent of the last regular valuation of så city, that cities of forty thousand inhabitants, or over, may, by a majority vo of their city government, increase the present rate of five per centum [ one-fourth of one per cent in any one municipal year, until, in not less th ten years, the maximum rate of seven and one-half per cent is reached, th any city failing to take the increase in any one municipal year then the crease for that year is lost and no increase can be made until the next ye as provided above, and provided further, that the adoption of this article sh not be construed as applying to any fund received in trust by said city | town, nor to any loan for the purpose of renewing existing loans, or for w or to temporary loans to be paid out of the money raised by taxes duri the year in which they were made."48

ARTICLE XXXV.

STATE HIGHWAY BONDS.

Article nine of the constitution is hereby amended by adding the followi section:

"Section 17. The legislature may authorize the issuing of bonds not exce ing two million dollars in amount at any one time, payable within forty-4 years, at a rate of interest not exceeding four per centuni per annum, payal semi-annually, which bonds or their proceeds shall be devoted solely to t buikling and maintaining of state highways; provided, however, that bon issued and outstanding under the authority of this section shall never, in t aggregate, exceed two million dollars; the expenditure of said money to divided equitably among the several counties of the state."

Section fourteen of said article is amended by adding after the word "e cept," in the fifth line thereof, the following words: "For the purposes building and maintaining of state highways," so that said section fourtee as amended, shall read as follows:

"Section 14. The credit of the state shall not be directly or indirect loaned in any case. The legislature shall not create any debt or debts, liabilit or liabilities, on behalf of the state, which shall singly, or in the aggrezzi with previous debts and liabilities hereafter incurred at any one time, excer three hundred thousand dollars, except for the purposes of building and man taining of state highways, to suppress insurrection, to repel invasion, or fo purposes of war; but this amendment shall not be construed to refer to a money that has been or may be deposited with this state by the governmeo of the United States, or to any fund which the state shall hold in trust fo any Indian tribe."49

48 Proposed by the legislature on Mch. 31, 1911, ratified on Sept. 11, 1911, effect Ive Jan. 23, 1913.

49 Proposed by the legislature on Mch. 25, 1912, ratified on Sept. 9, 1912, effect ive on Jan. 23, 1913.

ARTICLE XXXVI.

CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY FOR TAXATION.

Section eight of article nine of the constitution is hereby amended by adding to said section the following words: "But the legislature shall have power to levy a tax upon intangible personal property at such rate as it deems wise and equitable without regard to the rate applied to other classes of property." so that said section as amended shall read as follows:

"SECTION 8. All taxes upon real and personal estate, assessed by authority of this state, shall be apportioned and assessed equally, according to the just value thereof; but the legislature shall have power to levy a tax upon intangible personal property at such rate as it deems wise and equitable without regard to the rate applied to other classes of property."50

ARTICLE XXXVII.

SUBMISSION OF AMENDMENTS.

Section two in article ten as amended by the resolve of the fifty-eighth egislature passed March fourth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and adopted ptember eighth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, as amended by the reive of the seventy-third legislature passed March twenty-eighth, nineteen andred and seven, and adopted September fourteenth, nineteen hundred and ight, is hereby further amended by inserting after the word "plantations" in he seventh line of said section two the following words: "in the manner preribed by law at the next biennial meetings in the month of September or," that said section as amended shall read as follows:

"SECTION 2. The legislature, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem necessary, may propose amendments to this constitution; and when any dments shall be so agreed upon, a resolution shall be passed and sent to the selectmen of the several towns, and the assessors of the several plantations powering and directing them to notify the inhabitants of their respective wus and plantations in the manner prescribed by law at the next biennial etings in the month of September or to meet in the manner prescribed by w for calling and holding biennial meetings of said inhabitants for the elecon of senators and representatives, on the second Monday in September folwing the passage of said resolve, to give in their votes on the question, hether such amendments shall be made; and if it shall appear that a majority the inhabitants voting on the question are in favor of such amendment, it all become a part of this constitution.”51

Proposed by the legislature on April 4, 1913, ratified on Nov. 4, 1913, effecte Mch. 31. 1915.

Proposed by the legislature on April 12, 1913, ratified on Nov. 4, 1913, effecte Mch. 31, 1915.

CONSTITUTION OF MARYLAND—1867.*

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

We, the people of the State of Maryland, grateful to Almighty God for our civil and religious liberty, and taking into our serious consideration the best means of establishing a good Constitution in this State for the sur foundation and more permanent security thereof, declare:

ARTICLE 1. That all Government of right originates from the People is found in compact only, and instituted solely for the good of the whole and they have, at all times, the inalienable right to alter, reform or abolish their form of Government in such manner as they may deem expedient.

ART. 2. The Constitution of the United States, and the Laws made which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all Treaties made, or whic shall be made, under the authority of the United States, are and shall b the Supreme Law of the State, and the judges of this state, and all the peopl of this state are, and shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution Law of this State to the contrary notwithstanding.

ART. 3. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constit tion thereof, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the Stat respectively, or to the People thereof.

ART. 4. That the People of this State have the sole and exclusive rig of regulating the internal government and police thereof as a free, sovereig and independent State.

ART. 5. That the Inhabitants of Maryland are entitled to the Comm Law of England, and the trial by Jury, according to the course of that lay and to the benefit of such of the English statutes as existed on the Fourth da of July, seventeen hundred and seventy-six; and which, by experience, hat been found applicable to their local and other circumstances, and have bee introduced, used and practiced by the Courts of Law or Equity; and also all Acts of Assembly in force on the first day of June, eighteen hundred an sixty-seven: except such as may have since expired, or may be inconsister with the provisions of this Constitution; subject, nevertheless, to the revisio of, and amendment or repeal by, the Legislature of this State. And th Inhabitants of Maryland are also entitled to all property derived to the from or under the Charter granted by His Majesty, Charles the First, t Cæcilius Calvert, Baron of Baltimore.

ART. 6. That all persons invested with the Legislative or Executive power of Government are Trustees of the Public, and as such, accountable for thei conduct: Wherefore, whenever the ends of Government are perverted, an public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are in effectual, the People may, and of right ought to reform the old, or establish: new Government; the doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power an oppression is absurd, slavish and destructive of the good and happiness o mankind.

ART. 7. That the right of the People to participate in the Legislature i the best security of liberty and the foundation of all free Government; for this purpose elections ought to be free and frequent, and every white male citizen having the qualifications prescribed by the Constitution, ought to have the right of suffrage.1

ART. 8. That the Legislative, Executive and Judicial powers of Govern

*The constitution of Maryland was drafted by a convention which assembled at Annapolis on May 8, and adjourned on August 17, 1867. It was submitted to the voters on September 18, 1867, and was ratified by a vote of 47,152 in favor to 23,036 against. The constitution was submitted as a whole and no proposition was submitted separately. The constitution became effective on October 5, 1867.

1 The word "white" is obsolete under the provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.

ment ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other; and no person exercising the functions of one of said. Departments shall assume or discharge the duties of any other.

ART. 9. That no power of suspending Laws or the execution of Laws, mless by, or derived from the Legislature, ought to be exercised, or allowed. ART. 10. That freedom of speech and debate, or proceedings in the Legislature, ought not to be impeached in any Court of Judicature.

ART. 11. That Annapolis be the place of meeting of the Legislature; and the Legislature ought not to be convened, or held at any other place but from evident necessity.

ART. 12. That for redress of grievances, and for amending, strengthenng, and for preserving the laws, the Legislature ought to be frequently conTened.

ART. 13. That every man hath a right to petition the Legislature for the redress of grievances in a peaceful and orderly manner.

ART. 14. That no aid, charge, tax, burthen or fees ought to be rated, or evied, under any pretence, without the consent of the Legislature.

ART. 15. That the levying of taxes by the poll is grievous and oppressive thought to be prohibited; that paupers ought not to be assessed for the support of the government; that the General Assembly shall, by uniform rules, provide for separate assessment of land and classification and subassifications of improvements on land and personal property, as it may bem proper; and all taxes thereafter provided to be levied by the State for the support of the general State Government, and by the counties and by the City of Baltimore for their respective purposes, shall be uniform as to land within the taxing district, and uniform within the class or subclass of imrements on land and personal property which the respective taxing powers Jay have directed to be subjected to the tax levy; yet fines, duties or taxes y properly and justly be imposed, or laid with a political view for the 2d government and benefit of the community.2

ART. 16. That sanguinary Laws ought to be avoided as far as it is consistent with the safety of the State; and no Law to inflict cruel and unusual pins and penalties ought to be made in any case, or at any time, hereafter. ART. 17. That retrospective Laws, punishing acts committed before the istence of such Laws, and by them only declared criminal are oppressive, Fjust and incompatible with liberty; wherefore, no ex post facto Law ought to be made; nor any retrospective oath or restriction be imposed or required. ART. 18. That no law to attaint particular persons of treason or felony. ght to be made in any case, or at any time, hereafter.

ART. 19. That every man, for any injury done to him in his person or property ought to have remedy by the course of the Law of the Land, and nght to have justice and right, freely without sale, fully without any denial, d speedily without delay, according to Law of the Land.

ART. 20. That the trial of facts, where they arise, is one of the greatest urities of the lives, liberties and estate of the People.

ART. 21. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of the accusation against him; to have a copy of the Indictment, or Charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his defense; to be allowed counsel; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have process for his witnesses; to examine the witnesses for and against him on oath; and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found guilty.

ART. 22. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in a criminal case.

ART. 23. That no man ought to be taken or imprisoned or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the Law of the Land.

ART. 24. That slavery shall not be re-established in this State; but, hav

* Amendment proposed by the legislature of 1914 and ratified on November 2, 1915.