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upon their duties respectively on the first Monday of June next, and shall cor tinue in office until the first Monday in January next.

SEC. 15. The oath of office may be administered by any Judge or Justice of the Peace, until the Legislature shall otherwise direct.

RESOLUTIONS

Resolved. That the Congress of the United [sic] be and is hereby requested, upon the application of Wisconsin for admission into the Union, so to alter the provisions of an act of Congress entitled "an act to grant a quantity of land to the Territory of Wisconsin, for the purpose of aiding in opening a canal to connect the waters of Lake Michigan with those of Rock river," ap proved June eighteenth, eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, and so to alter the terms and conditions of the grant made therein, that the odd-numbered se tions thereby granted and remaining unsold may be held and disposed of by the State of Wisconsin as part of the five hundred thousand acres of land to whic said State is entitled by the provisions of an act of Congress entitled “an a to appropriate the proceeds of the sales of the public lands and to grant pre emption rights," approved the fourth day of September, eighteen hundred an forty-one; and further, that the even-numbered sections reserved by Congres may be offered for sale by the United States for the same minimum price a subject to the same rights of pre-emption as other public lands of the Unite States.

Resolved. That Congress be further requested to pass an act whereby t excess price over and above one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, whi may have been paid by the purchasers of said even-numbered sections wh shall have been sold by the United States, be refunded to the present owne thereof, or they be allowed to enter any of the public lands of the Unit States to an amount equal in value to the excess so paid.

Resolved.—That in case the said odd-numbered sections shall be ceded the State as aforesaid, the same shall be sold by the State in the same manas other school lands, provided that the same rights of pre-emption as are granted by the laws of the United States, shall be secured to persons w may be actually settled upon such lands at the time of the adoption of t Constitution; and provided further, that the excess price, over and above dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, absolutely or conditionally contracted be paid by the purchasers of any part of said sections which shall have b sold by the Territory of Wisconsin, shall be remitted to such purchasers, the representatives or assigns.

Resolved. That Congress be requested, upon the application of Wiscon for admission into the Union, to pass an act whereby the grant of the hundred thousand acres of land, to which the State of Wisconsin is entitled the provisions of an Act of Congress entitled “an act to appropriate the ceeds of the sales of the public lands, and to grant pre-emption rights." proved the fourth day of September, eighteen hundred and forty-one, and the five per centum of the net proceeds ___ of the public lands lying wit

the State, to which it shall become entitled on its admission into the Union the provisions of an Act of Congress entitled “an act to enable the peopl Wisconsin Territory to form a Constitution and State government, and for admission of such State into the Union," approved the sixth day of Au eighteen hundred and forty-six, shall be granted to the State of Wisconsi the use of schools, instead of the purposes mentioned in the said acts of gress respectively.

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Resolved. That the Congress of the United States be and hereby is quested, upon the admission of this State into the Union, so to alter the sions of the Act of Congress entitled "an act to grant a certain quantity of to aid in the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, and to connec same by a canal in the Territory of Wisconsin," that the price of lands res to the United States, shall be reduced to the minimum price of the public

Resolved. That the Legislature of this State shall make provision by

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or the sale of the lands granted to the State in aid of said improvements, subect to the same rights of pre-emption to the settlers thereon, as are now allowed y law to settlers on the public lands.

Resolved. That the foregoing resolutions be appended to, and signed with e Constitution of Wisconsin, and submitted therewith to the people of this erritory, and to the Congress of the United States.

We, the undersigned, members of the Convention to form a Constitution for e State of Wisconsin, to be submitted to the people thereof for their ratification · rejection do hereby certify that the foregoing is the Constitution adopted by e Convention.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set out hands at Madison, the first y of February, A. D. eighteen hundred and forty-eight.

MORGAN L. MARTIN, President of the Convention and Delegate from Brown County. HOS. MCHUGH, Secretary.

CONSTITUTION OF WYOMING—1889.*

PREAMBLE.

We, the people of the state of Wyoming, grateful to God for our civil. political and religious liberties, and desiring to secure them to ourselves and perpetuate them to our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution.

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

SECTION 1. All power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their peace, safety and happiness; for the advancement of these ends they have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish the government in such manner as they may think proper.

SEC. 2. In their inherent right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, all members of the human race are equal.

SEC. 3. Since equality in the enjoyment of natural and civil rights is made sure only through political equality, the laws of this state affecting the political rights and privileges of its citizens shall be without distinction of race, color, sex, or any circumstance or condition whatsoever other than individual incompetency, or unworthiness duly ascertained by a court of competent jurisdiction.

SEC. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched or the person of thing to be seized.

SEC. 5. No person shall be imprisoned for debt except in cases of frand SEC. 6. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

SEC. 7. Absolute, arbitrary power over the lives, liberty and property of freemen exists nowhere in a republic, not even in the largest majority.

SEC. S. All courts shall be open and every person for an injury done to person, reputation or property shall have justice administered without se denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the state in such manner and in such courts as the legislature may by law direct.

SEC. 9. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate in criminal cases. but a jury in civil cases in all courts, or in criminal cases in courts not of record, may consist of less than twelve men, as may be prescribed by law Hereafter a grand jury may consist of twelve men, any nine of whom cot curring may find an indictment, but the legislature may change, regulate or abolish the grand jury system.

SEC. 10. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right t defend in person and by counsel, to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, to have a copy thereof, to be confronted with the witnesses agains him, to have compulsory process served for obtaining witnesses, and to r speedy trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which th offense is alleged to have been committed.

SEC. 11. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself in any criminal case, nor shall any person be twice put in jeopardy for the SUD offense. If the jury disagree, or if the judgment be arrested after a verdict or if the judgment be reversed for error in law, the accused shall not b deemed to have been in jeopardy.

*The constitution of Wyoming was drafted by a convention which assembled Cheyenne on Sept. 2, and adjourned on Sept. 30, 1889. It was submitted to the people on Nov. 5, 1889, and ratified. The state was admitted to the Union on July 16, 18,

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SEC. 12. No person shall be detained as a witness in any criminal prosecution longer than may be necessary to take his testimony or deposition, nor be confined in any room where criminals are imprisoned.

SEC. 13. Until otherwise provided by law, no person shall, for a felony, be proceeded against criminally, otherwise than by indictment, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger.

SEC. 14. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor shall cruel or unlawful punishment be inflicted.

SEC. 15. The penal code shall be framed on the humane principles of reformation and prevention.

SEC. 16. No person arrested and confined in jail shall be treated with unnecessary rigor. The erection of safe and comfortable prisons, and inspection of prisons, and the humane treatment of prisoners shall be provided for.

SEC. 17. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless, when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. SEC. 18. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without discrimination or preference shall be forever guaranteed in this state, and no person shall be rendered incompetent to hold any office of trust or profit, or to serve as a witness or juror, because of his opinion on any matter of religious belief whatever; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the state.

SEC. 19. No money of the state shall ever be given or appropriated to any sectarian or religious society or institution.

SEC. 20. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and in trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published with good intent and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense, the jury having the right to letermine the facts and the law, under direction of the court.

SEC. 21. The right of petition, and of the people peaceably to assemble o consult for the common good, and to make known their opinions, shall ever be denied or abridged.

SEC. 22. The rights of labor shall have just protection through laws. calulated to secure to the laborer proper rewards for his service and to promote he industrial welfare of the state.

SEC. 23. The right of citizens to opportunities for education should have ractical recognition. The legislature shall suitably encourage means and gencies calculated to advance the sciences and liberal arts.

SEC. 24. The right of citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the state shall not be denied.

Dower.

SEC. 25. The military shall ever be in strict subordination to the civil No soldier in time of peace shall be quartered in any house without consent of the owner, nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by aw.

SEC. 26. Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against t, or in adhering to its enemies, or in giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses o the same overt act, or on confession in open court; nor shall any person e attainted of treason by the legislature.

SEC. 27. Elections shall be open, free and equal, and no power, civil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent an untrammeled exercise of he right of suffrage.

SEC. 28. No tax shall be imposed without the consent of the people or heir authorized representatives. All taxation shall be equal and uniform. SEC. 29. No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident aliens and citizens as to the possession, taxation, enjoyment and descent of property. SEC. 30. Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a free tate, and shall not be allowed. Corporations being creatures of the state,

endowed for the public good with a portion of its sovereign powers, must le subject to its control.

SEC. 31. Water being essential to industrial prosperity, of limited amount. and easy of diversion from its natural channels, its control must be in the state, which, in providing for its use, shall equally guard all the various interests involved.

SEC. 32. Private property shall not be taken for private use unless by consent of the owner, except for private ways of necessity, and for reser voirs, drains, flumes, or ditches on or across the lands of others for agricultural, mining, milling, domestic or sanitary purposes, nor in any case without due compensation.

SEC. 33. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public of private use without just compensation.

SEC. 34. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation. SEC. 35. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, shall ever be made.

SEC. 36. The enumeration in this constitution, of certain rights shall not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others retained by the people.

SEC. 37. The state of Wyoming is an inseparable part of the Federa Union, and the constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land.

ARTICLE II.1

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

SECTION 1. The powers of the government of this state are divided int three distinct departments: the legislative, executive and judicial, and n person or collection of persons charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any powers properly be longing to either of the others, except as in this constitution expressly directe. or permitted.

ARTICLE III.
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SECTION 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and boas of representatives, which shall be designated "The Legislature of the State of Wyoming."

SEC. 2. Senators shall be elected for the term of four (4) years and reresentatives for the term of two (2) years. The senators elected at the fi election shall be divided by lot into two classes as nearly equal as may The seats of senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration f the first two years, and of the second class at the expiration of four years No person shall be a senator who has not attained the age of twenty-fire years, or a representative who has not attained the age of twenty-one years, and who is not a citizen of the United States and of this state and who has not, for at least twelve months next preceding his election resided within the county of district in which he was elected.

SEC. 3. Each county shall constitute a senatorial and representative die trict; the senate and house of representatives shall be composed of member elected by the legal voters of the counties respectively, every two (2) years They shall be apportioned among the said counties as nearly as may be se cording to the number of their inhabitants. Each county shall have at least one senator and one representative; but at no time shall the number of men bers of the house of representatives be less than twice nor greater than thr times the number of members of the senate. The senate and house of repre sentatives first elected in pursuance of this constitution shall consist of sixteen and thirty-three members respectively.

SEC. 4. When vacancies occur in either house by death, resignation er otherwise, such vacancy shall be filled for the remainder of the term by specia. election, to be called in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

1 See Note No. 7.

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