too anxious to be settled to allow himself to choose; and indeed settlers for the most part, having only small means, are obliged immediately to put them in action. being set aside, I would advise a fami ly so circumstanced, to buy all these articles of which they would stand in need here, and which they would other wise have to purchase at an enormous price; but on no account to speculate, however flattering it may appear, in any description of goods, but to bring out all their surplus capital in Spanish dollars. Their mode of operation in settling can be explained only on the spot. Of the capital requisite for different classes of emigrants;-These classes we will divide into three-the mere labourer and the artificer-the ordinary emigrant--and those with families in England, whose property is daily diminishing from the change of times, and the different channels in" As there are many labourers and which trade is confined in time of peace, artificers in England scarcely able to from those in which it was used in time obtain subsistence, who would be glad of war. Under this head will be com- to find the opportunity of coming to prehended, particularly, those who this colony, it would be advisable that have followed the pursuit of commerce a rough house-carpenter be engaged, in maritime towns. and bound for a certain term of years at moderate wages. These emigrants who can command sufficient capital, should bring out farming men and mechanics of all descriptions. Should the emigrant not have been used to farming operations, a man competent to undertake the direction of a farm should be engaged, on the same terms; and the expenses of their passage will be amply repaid by their service in this country, where farming men are scarce, as well as artificers and mechanics. "With respect to the emigrant la bourer and artificer, no other capital is requisite, beyond the cost of trans portation, than his willingness and ability to work. Of the last class we shall speak presently. The second resolves itself into the question, "With how small a capital can a family remove to Van Diemen's Land, and there settle with decency?"-for being once settled, independence follows of course. A family, with two thousand pounds of money in England, would have amply sufficient to settle comfortably and respectably at Van Diemen's Land. If several families were to unite in emigrating, the cost of their individual passage would be comparatively small. This mode of emigration I should strongly recommend; and if the principle were to be continued in this country, by taking their grants of land to gether, their means of settling would be found to go farther than in separate establishments. The economies of such an establishment, in one large, instead of many smaller families, are too obvious, and Robert Owen has made them too well known, to render it necessary for me to expatiate on them here. "The cost of their passage-money "Of the last class of emigrants, I should advise them to proceed precisely on the principles of the former. They would, of course, be able to pur chase articles which would enable them to carry on their settling operations with greater facility and rapidity, and to greater extent. They should bring with them two carpenters, a smith, two brick-makers, a stone-mason, farming labourers as many as they can afford, and domestic male and female servants. "I do not think it worth while, in any case, to bring out live-stock for the sake of the breed. Sheep, whose wool is nearly as fine as can be imported, are to be obtained in these colonies cheaper than they can be brought from home. Our cattle are at least as fine; and CHRONICLE. proper care taken to prevent their ing at too early an age, I think, i soon be superior. At present ee a calf sucking her mother, with wo calf (the calf's calf) by her No. IV. BIOGRAPHICAL CHRONICLE; OR, ACCOUNT OF EMINENT PERSONS DECEASED DURING THE YEAR. DR HENRY DEWAR. THE death of Dr Dewar is one of those striking events which strongly affect the mind, and impress upon us a sense of our mortality. On Monday the 13th January he was present, in good health, at a meeting of the Royal Society, in the business of which he took a deep interest, and on Sunday the 19th January he breathed his last; his death being occasioned by infection derived from a body which he had opened in the course of his medical practice. On succeeding to the estate of Lassodie, Dr Dewar directed his attention to medicine, cultivated a knowledge of it with success, and served as an assistant-surgeon in the British army in Egypt, under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby. He was present at the battle of Alexandria, in which Sir Ralph was mortally wounded. On his return to England, he dedicated himself with increased ardour to the study of those branches of literature and science particularly connected with his profession; and his Essays on a variety of interesting topics, which have appeared in the medical and philosophical journals of the last twenty years, evince the extent of his acquirements, the soundness of his views, and the unceasing ardour with which he pursued every inquiry that promised to add to the happiness or alleviate the miseries of mankind. Death arrested him in the midst of an active and highly useful life. He was engaged in delivering a course of lectures on the Institutions of Medicine, a branch of science which he had cultivated with particu lar assiduity, and which he taught with corresponding success. He contribu ted several valuable articles to the Edin burgh Encyclopædia, to the Supple ment to the Encyclopædia Britannica to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh-and, latterly. he had bestowed a great portion of hi leisure hours in preparing an Englis translation of Malte Brun's System & Geography, which should be worthy at once of the merits of the original work, and of the notice of the British public. As a friend, a husband, and a father, Dr Dewar was above all eulogy. In him extensive attainments and eminent talents were united with the most amiable dispositions, and the most unpretending modesty. His life was distinguished throughout by so much gentleness, candour, and liberality in his intercourse with others, yet with such perfect independence in holding and acting upon those views which appeared to his own mind to be correct, that we believe he has not left one enemy behind him, while numerous friends deeply lament his too early removal from among them. COLONEL LAMBTON. Jan. 20.-At Hingin Ghaut, 50 miles south of Nagpoor, while proceeding in the execution of his duty from Hydrabad towards Nagpoor, Lieut.-Col. Wm. Lambton, Superintendent of the Grand Trigonometrical Survey in India. The Annals of the Royal and Asiatic Society bear ample testimony to the extent and importance of the labours of Colonel Lambton, in his measurement of an arc of the meridian in India, extending from Cape Comorin, in lat. 8. 23. 10. to a new base line, measured in lat. 21.6, near the village of Tak oor kera, 15 miles S.E. from the city of Ellichpore, a distance exceeding that measure by the English and French geometers, between the parallels of Greenwich and Tormentara in the Island of Minorca. It was the intention of Col. Lambton to have extended the arc to Agra, in which case the meridian line would have passed at short distances from Bhopaul, Serange, Nurwur, Gualiar, and Dholpore. At his advanced age, VOL. XVI. PART III. he despaired of health and strength remaining for further exertion; otherwise it cannot be doubted that it would have been a grand object of his ambition to have prolonged it through the Dooab, and across the Himalays, to the 32d degree of north latitude. If this vast undertaking had been achieved, and that it may yet be completed is not improbable, British India will have to boast of a much larger unbroken meridian line than has been before measured on the surface of the globe. Though the measurement of the arc of the meridian was the principal object of the labours of Colonel Lambton, he extended his operations to the east and west, and the set of triangles covers great part of the Peninsula of India, defining with the utmost precision the situation of a very great number of principal places in latitude, longitude, and elevation; and affording a sure basis for an amended Geographical Map, which is now under preparation. The triangulation also connects the Coromandel and Malabar coasts in numerous important points, thus supplying the best means of truly laying down the shape of those coasts, and rendering an essential service to navigation. It was the Colonel's intention to have himself carried the meridian line as far north as Agra, and he detached his first assistant, Captain Everest, of the Bengal Artillery, to extend a series of triangles westward to Bombay, and when that service should be completed eastward, to Point Palmyras, and probably Fort William, by which extensive and arduous operation, the three Presidencies of India would be connected, and several obvious advantages gained to geography and navigation. But it is in the volumes of the proceedings of various learned societies, that the accounts of the labours of this veteran philosopher, whose loss we lament, must be looked for, and who for 22 X years carried on his operations in the ungenial climate with unabated zeal and perseverance, and died full of years and conscious of a well-deserved reputation. THE REV. JOHN Fleming. There are few individuals, however limited the sphere of their actions, whose lives may not become an object of interest, when they are fairly and truly delineated. If a man has been gifted by Nature with talents or abilities which have been obscured by in dolence, we may learn from it the duty of exertion; if he has been actively and usefully benevolent, the good may pro fit by his example. The Rev. John Fleming, the subject of the present memoir, was born on the 31st of August 1750, at the farmhouse of Craigs, in the parish of Bathgate, West-Lothian. Having been originally destined for the clerical office, on the completion of the prescribed course of study at the University, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Linlithgow. By the early decease of his father, the management of the small property to which he succeeded, devolved upon him; and not having any immediate view to preferment in the church, he turned his attention, in a great degree, to the improvement of his paternal estate. His natural sagacity, and superior education, soon led him to perceive that the state of agriculture in his native parish was capable of great improvement; and he lost no time in making himself acquainted with the best modes of draining, and enclosing, and the other farming operations, which of late years have added so much to the wealth and resources of the country. At this period, he often guided the plough, worked with his own hand in the labours of agriculture, and devoted himself with great enthusiasm to the cultivation of this primitive science; and at a later period of life, it was his constant maxim, that to make two blades of grass, or corn, spring up, where only one had formerly grown, was conferring a solid benefit on the community. The success of his farming operations soon induced his neighbours, in defiance of their peculiar prejudices, to adopt his improvements, and attracted also the attention of the great landholders of the county. Ten or twelve years of Mr Fleming's life were passed in this obscure, though useful manner; and this interval afforded him, also, that leisure for reading and reflection, which were afterwards so conspicuous in the acquirements of his mind. About the year 1786, he became factor for Neil, Earl of Roseberry, and his residence was transferred to that nobleman's estate at Barnbougle, near Queensferry. There he spent some years, and had the opportunity, under his lordship's tuition, of acquiring much knowledge of the world and of actual business, being employed alternately as farmer, merchant, accountant, or lawyer, as the case required. how His situation in life was now, ever, to be more permanently fixed; for in the year 1789 he was presented by the Earl of Roseberry to the church of Primrose, or Cairnton, in the pres bytery of Dalkeith, situated about ten miles south of Edinburgh, where he officiated as pastor for a period of fifteen years. In the discharge of his ministerial duties, Mr Fleming was distinguished by exemplary diligence; and his interest for the welfare of his parishioners was not exclusively confined to their spiritual concerns, but extended also to their worldly comfort and prosperity His sermons, for several years after his settlement at Primrose, were written and composed with much care, an |