Evolutionary Ecology of ParasitesPrinceton University Press, 2007 - 332 頁 Parasites have evolved independently in numerous animal lineages, and they now make up a considerable proportion of the biodiversity of life. Not only do they impact humans and other animals in fundamental ways, but in recent years they have become a powerful model system for the study of ecology and evolution, with practical applications in disease prevention. Here, in a thoroughly revised and updated edition of his influential earlier work, Robert Poulin provides an evolutionary ecologist's view of the biology of parasites. He sets forth a comprehensive synthesis of parasite evolutionary ecology, integrating information across scales from the features of individual parasites to the dynamics of parasite populations and the structuring of parasite communities. Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites presents an evolutionary framework for the study of parasite biology, combining theory with empirical examples for a broader understanding of why parasites are as they are and do what they do. An up-to-date synthesis of the field, the book is an ideal teaching tool for advanced courses on the subject. Pointing toward promising directions and setting a research agenda, it will also be an invaluable reference for researchers who seek to extend our knowledge of parasite ecology and evolution. |
內容
Introduction | 1 |
11 The Evolutionary Ecology Approach | 2 |
12 Scope and Overview | 4 |
Origins of Parasitism and Complex Life Cycles | 8 |
22 Specialization of Parasites | 11 |
Historical Contingency or Adaptation? | 14 |
232 Abbreviation of Complex Life Cycles | 21 |
24 Evolutionary Consequences of Complex Life Cycles | 25 |
64 Consequences of Aggregation | 150 |
641 Effective Population Size and Genetic Diversity | 151 |
642 Sex Ratio | 154 |
643 Macroevolutionary Phenomena | 158 |
65 Conclusion | 159 |
Parasite Population Dynamics and Genetics | 160 |
71 Models of Parasite Population Dynamics | 161 |
72 DensityDependent Regulation | 166 |
241 Transmission and Infection | 26 |
242 Sexual Reproduction | 35 |
25 Conclusion | 40 |
Host Specificity | 41 |
32 HostParasite Coevolution and Host Specificity | 48 |
322 Microevolutionary Processes | 54 |
33 Determinants of Host Specificity | 60 |
34 Observed Patterns of Host Specificity | 63 |
35 Conclusion | 69 |
Evolution of Parasite LifeHistory Strategies | 70 |
41 Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptation | 71 |
42 Parasite Body Size | 73 |
422 Correlates of Body Size | 79 |
423 Sexual Size Dimorphism in Parasites | 85 |
43 Parasite Age at Maturity | 87 |
44 Egg Production in Parasites | 88 |
441 Correlates of Fecundity | 89 |
442 Tradeoffs and Strategies of Egg Production | 90 |
45 Conclusion | 95 |
Strategies of Host Exploitation | 96 |
51 The Evolution of Virulence | 97 |
511 The Theory | 98 |
572 Empirical Tests | 102 |
52 Parasitic Castration and Host Gigantism | 110 |
53 Manipulation of Host Behavior by Parasites | 114 |
531 Adaptive Manipulation? | 115 |
532 Evolution of Host Manipulation | 121 |
533 Host Manipulation in a Multispecies Context | 126 |
54 Manipulation of Host Sex Ratio by Parasites | 130 |
55 Conclusion | 132 |
Parasite Aggregation Causes and Consequences | 134 |
61 Measuring Parasite Aggregation | 135 |
672 Problems with the Measurement of Aggregation | 139 |
62 Natural Patterns of Aggregation | 141 |
63 Causes of Aggregation | 144 |
73 Selected Examples of Population Studies | 172 |
732 The Nematode Cystidicola cristivomeri | 173 |
733 The Nematode Cystidicoloides tenuissima | 174 |
734 The Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tumescens | 175 |
74 Patterns of Parasite Abundance | 177 |
75 Genetic Structure of Parasite Populations | 179 |
76 Conclusion | 186 |
Interactions between Species and the Parasite Niche | 188 |
81 Numerical Responses to Competition | 189 |
82 The Parasite Niche | 194 |
83 Functional Responses to Competition | 195 |
84 Evolutionary Niche Restriction | 203 |
85 Conclusion | 207 |
Parasite Infracommunity Structure | 209 |
91 Species Richness of Infracommunities | 210 |
92 Nestedness in Infracommunities | 215 |
93 Species Associations among Infracommunities | 220 |
94 Species Recruitment and Infracommunity Structure | 224 |
95 Species Abundance and Biomass in Infracommunities | 227 |
96 Conclusion | 231 |
Component Communities and Parasite Faunas | 233 |
101 Richness and Composition of Component Communities | 234 |
102 Evolution of Parasite Faunas | 241 |
103 Species Richness of Parasite Faunas | 245 |
104 Biogeography of Parasite Diversity | 253 |
105 Host Specificity and the Composition of Parasite Faunas | 257 |
106 Conclusion | 260 |
Conclusion | 262 |
111 Environmental Changes and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology | 263 |
112 Parasite Control and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology | 265 |
113 Future Directions | 267 |
| 271 | |
| 325 | |
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常見字詞
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熱門章節
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