in the church, and was appointed mission- | a firm believer in the truth and excellency ary to the Mohawk Indians. Having of the Christian religion. In a letter to served in this capacity for some years his son, Dr. Samuel Bard, he said, "awith but little success he was called to bove all things suffer not yourself by any the city of New York and appointed rec- company or example to depart, either in tor of Trinity church. In this respecta- your conversation or practice, from the ble station he continued till his death, in highest reverence to God and your reli1765. The translation of the liturgy into gion." In his old age he was cheerful the Mohawk language, made under his and remarkable for his gratitude to his direction and that of Rev. W. Andrews heavenly father. and J. Ogilvie, was printed in 1769. Mr. Ogilvie succeeded him both among the Indians and at New York.-Life of Ritten. 245; Miller's retr. 11. 356.

BARD, John, a learned physician, was born in Burlington, New Jersey, Feb. 1, 1716. His father, Peter Bard, an exile from France in consequence of the revocation of the edict of Nantes, came to this country in 1703 as a merchant; he soon married the daughter of Dr. Marmion, and was for many years a member of the council and a judge of the supreme

court.

Dr. Bard was eminent in his profession, and his practice was very extensive. Soon after the close of the war with Great Britian,on the reestablishment of the medical society of the state of New York he was elected its president, and he was placed in the chair for six or seven successive years. He possessed a singular ingenuity and quickness in discriminating diseases; yet he did not presumptuously confide in his penetration, but was remarkably particular in his inquiries into the circumstances of the sick. Ever desirous of removing the disorders, to which Mr. Bard received his early education the human frame is subject, his anxiety under the care of Mr. Annan of Philadel- and attention were not diminished, phia, a very eminent teacher. About when called to visit the indigent, from the age of 15 he was bound an ap- whom he could not expect compensation. prentice for 7 years to Dr. Kearsly, a sur- His conduct through his whole life was geon of unhappy temper and rigorous in marked by the strictest honor and integthe treatment of his pupils. Under his rity. In conversation he was polite, affathraldom the kindness of Mrs. Kearsly ble, cheerful, and entertaining. To his and the friendship of Dr. Franklin begui-pupils he was not only an instructer, but led his sorrows. He engaged in business a father. In the early part of his life he dein 1737 and soon acquired a large share of voted much attention to polite learning, practice and became much respected. In in which he made great proficiency. He 1743 he was induced by urgent applications from New York to remove to that city to supply the loss of several eminent physicians. Here he continued till within a few months of his death. In the year 1795, when the yellow fever had put to flight a number of physicians, who were in the meridian of life, the veteran Dr. Bard, though verging towards his eightieth year, remained at his post. In May 1798 he removed to his estate at Hyde Park, near Poughkeepsie. Here he continued in the enjoyment of perfect health, till he felt a paralytic stroke, which in a few days occasioned his death. He died BARD, Samuel, M. D., son of the March 30, 1799, aged 83 years. He was preceding, was born in Philadelphia Apr.

possessed a correct and elegant taste, and wrote with uncommon accuracy and precision. He drew up an essay on the pleurisy of Long Island in 1749, which was not published; a paper, inserted in the Lond. med. observations; and several papers on the yellow fever and the evidence of its importation, inserted in the American medical register. In 1750 he assisted Dr. Middleton in the first recorded dissection in America, that of Hermannus Carroll, executed for murder. -Thacher's med. biog. 96-103; M'Vickar's life of S. Bard.

1, 1742. When a boy, in order to screen tions; but the building was burnt,causing servant, who had broken his father's a delay of the establishment until 1791. cane, he falsely took the blame to himself. In 1774 he delivered a course of chemiHis father praised his generosity, but cal lectures. In the time of the war he severely punished his falsehood, thus left the city, placing his family in the giving him a lesson on the value of truth, house of his father at Hyde Park; but which he was careful to transmit to his anxious to provide for his wife and chilchildren. From his mother he received dren, and to secure his property, he early impressions in favor of religion. Re- the next year by permission returned to siding one summer, on account of ill New York, while the enemy had posseshealth, in the family of lieut. gov. Colden, sion of it, and engaged anew in his prohis father's friend, he acquired a taste for fessional business, after being a considbotany under the teaching of Miss Col- erable time without a call and reduced to den. His skill in painting enabled him to his last guinea. After the return of perpetuate the beauties of plants. While peace Washington selected him as his

a student at Columbia college he formed family physician. At this period he lost the habit of early rising, at day light in four out of his six children by the scarlasummer and an hour previous to it in tina, which prevailed in a virulent form, winter, which he continued through life. attended with delirium. In consequence In Sept. 1761 he embarked for England of the illness of Mrs. Bard he withdrew in order to obtain a thorough medical from business for a year, devoting himeducation, and was absent, in France, self to her. A prayer for her recovery England, and Scotland, 5 years. His pro- was found among his papers. In 1784 fessional studies were pursued with un- he returned to the city. At this period diminished zeal, and especially under he devoted 5 thousand guineas to enable the illustrious teachers in the school of his father to free himself from debt. At Edinburgh. Such was his skill in botany, another time, when he had accumulated that he obtained the annual medal, given 1500guineas, he sent that sum to England, by Dr.Hope the professor, for the best col- but lost it by the failure of the banker. On lection of plants. He received his degree | receiving the intelligence, he said to his at Edinburgh in May 1765. On his return wife, "we are ruined ;" but she replied, he found his father in debt for his edu- "never mind the loss, we will soon make cation, which had cost more than a it up again." Having formed the purthousand pounds; he entered into part-pose to retire from business, he in 1795 nership with him and for three years took Dr. Hosack into partnership, and in drew nothing beyond his expenses from 1798 removed to his seat in the neighthe profits of the business, amounting to borhood of his father at Hyde Park. 1500 pounds a year. Having thus hon- But when the yellow fever appeared, he orably discharged this debt, he married resolutely returned to his post. By his his cousin, Mary Bard, a lady of beauty fearless exposure of himself he took the and accomplishments, to whom he had disease, but nursed by his faithful wife he long been attached. He formed this recovered. The remaining 23 years of connection on a stock of 100 pounds, his life were spent in happy retirement, observing, that "his wife's economy surrounded by his children and grand would double his earnings." children, delighted with their society, and Dr. Bard formed the plan of the Med-finding much enjoyment also in agricultuical school of New York, which was es- ral improvements, in contemplating the tablished within a year after his return. beauties of nature, and in the gratification He was appointed professor of the prac- of his continued thirst for knowledge. tice of physic. Medical degrees were For the benefit of those, who with himfirst conferred in 1769. In the same year self had engaged in rearing merino sheep, the hospital was founded by his exer- he published "the shepherd's guide."

In 1813 he was appointed president of the al addresses to public bodies; and anniCollege of physicians and surgeons. His versary discourses to medical students.— discourses, on conferring degrees, were Life by McVickars; Thacher's med. very impressive. He died of the pleurisy biog. 103–145. May 24, 1821, aged 79 years, and his wife of the same disorder the preceding day: they were buried in one grave. It had long been their wish to be thus united in death, and a remarkable dream of Mrs. Bard to this effect was remembered.

BARLOW, Joel, an eminent statesman and poet, was born at Reading, Fairfield county, Connecticut, about the year 1757, and was the youngest of ten children. His father, a respectable farmer, died while he was yet at school, leaving Dr. Bard was attached to the episcopal him property sufficient only to defray the mode of religious worship. The church expenses of his education. In 1774 he at Hyde Park was chiefly founded by him was placed at Dartmouth college; but he in 1811, and to provide for the absence of very soon removed to Yale college, where its rector he procured a license to act as he was graduated in 1778, being ranked lay reader at the age of 70. He regular- among the first of his class, for talents and ly devoted a part of the morning to re-learning, and particularly conspicuous for ligious reading and reflection. Of reli- his skill in poetry. During the vacations gion he said to his son, Wm. Bard, Esq., of the college he more than once seized "this is our strong hold, our castle and his musket, and repaired as a volunteer to rock of defence, our refuge in times of the camp,where four of his brothers were adversity,our comforter under misfortune, on duty. He was present at several our cheerful companion and friendly skirmishes, and is said to have fought monitor in the hours of gladness and bravely in the battle of the White Plains. prosperity." The following is an extract from the form of daily devotion, used by himself and wife:-"O God! enlighten our understanding, that we may comprehend thy will, strengthen our resolution to obey thy commands, endow us with resignation under thy dispensations, and fill our hearts with love and gratitude for all thy benefits. Give unto us, O Lord, whose lives thou hast continued to so late a day, sincere and true repentance, & grant,that as age advances upon us,our minds may be more &more enlightened by the knowledge of thy will, more resigned to thy dispensations, and more invigorated with the resolution to obey thy commands. Calm all our thoughts and fears; give peace and quiet to our latter days; and so support us by thy grace through the weakness and infirmities of age, that we may die in humble hope and confidence of thy merciful pardon through the merits of our Redeemer."-He published a treatise de viribus opii, 1765; on angina suffocativa, repub. in Vol 1. Amer. phil. soc.; on the use of cold in hemorrhage; compendium of midwifery, 1807, and subsequent editions; many occasion

After leaving college he engaged for a short time in the study of the law; but, being urged to qualify himself for the office of chaplain, he applied himself diligently to the study of theology, and at the end of six weeks was licensed to preach. He immediately joined the army and discharged the duties of his new station until the return of peace. As a preacher he was much respected. But in the camp he continued to cultivate his taste for poetry, writing patriotic songs, and composing, in part, his Vision of Columbus. He also published in 1780 an elegy on the death of his early friend and patron, Titus Hosmer, and in 1781 a poem entitled "the Prospect of Peace,” which he had pronounced at Commencement. About this time he married Ruth Baldwin of New Haven, sister of Abraham Baldwin.

In 1783, after the army was disbanded, he returned to the study of the law at Hartford, where for his immediate support he established a weekly newspaper. The original articles, which he inserted, gave it celebrity and a wide circulation. In 1785 he was admitted to the bar and

in the same year published a corrected part in the French revolution, being parand enlarged edition of Watts' version of ticularly connected with the Girondists, the Psalms with a collection of Hymns. or the moderate party. In 1791 he went It was printed at Hartford by "Barlow & to England, where he published the first Babcock." This work was undertaken part of his "Advice to the Privileged Orat the request of the General Association ders," a work in which he reprobates the of the ministers of Connecticut, and pub- feudal system, the national church estab lished by their recommendation. Many lishments, the military system, the ad of the psalms were altered so as to be adap-ministration of justice, and the system of ted to the American churches, several revenue and finance, as they exist in the were written almost anew, and several, royal and aristocratical governments of which had been omitted by Dr. Watts, Europe. In Feb. 1792 he published the were supplied. Barlow inserted also "Conspiracy of Kings," a poem of about some original hymns. In 1787 he pub-400 lines, occasioned by the first coalition lished the Vision of Columbus, a large of the continental sovereigns against poem, with flattering success. It was France; and in the autumn of the same dedicated to Louis XVI. Some of its in-year a letter to the national convention teresting passages are said to be imita- of France, in which he recommends tions or copies of descriptions in the Incas of Marmontel.

among other measures the abolition of the connexion between the government About this time he gave up his concern and the national church. These publicain the weekly paper, and opened a book tions brought him some profit as well as shop chiefly with a view to the sale of fame. At the close of this year he was his poem and of the new edition of the deputed by the London constitutional psalms. Having accomplished these ob- society to present their address to the jects, he quitted the business and engaged French national convention, which conin the practice of the law. But in this ferred upon him the rights of a French profession he was not successful, for his citizen. Fearful of the resentment of the elocution was embarrassed and his man- English government, he now fixed his ners not familiar and conciliating, and his residence in France. A deputation being attention was also diverted from it by po- soon sent to Savoy to organize it as a deetical and literary pursuits. He was partment of the Republic, he accompanied concerned in several occasional publica- it with his friend, Gregoire, to Chambertions at Hartford, particularly in the An- ry, the capital, where he resided several archiad, a very singular poem, which was months,& at the request of his legislative projected by Dr. Hopkins, and which friends wrote an address to the people of had considerable political influence. In Piedmont,inciting them to throw off their an oration July 4, 1787 he earnestly re-allegiance to their king. At this time he commended an efficient general govern- also composed "Hasty Pudding," a mock ment, the new Constitution being then under consideration of the convention at Philadelphia. Urged by the necessity of providing for his subsistence, he went to Europe in 1788 as the agent of the Scioto land company, but ignorant of their fraudulent designs. From England he crossed over to France, where he made sale of some of the lands; but in the result he was About the year 1795 he went to the left without any resource for his mainte- north of Europe to accomplish some prinance, excepting his own talents & repu-vate business, entrusted to him, and on tation. At this period his zeal for repub- his return was appointed by president licanism induced him to take an active Washington as consul at Algiers, with

didactic poem, the most popular of his poetical productions. After his return to Paris he translated Volney's ruins, but his time was principally occupied by commercial speculations, in which he acquired a large property. Shocked by the atrocities of the revolution, he took little part in politics.

powers to negotiate a treaty of peace with an epic poem it has great faults both in the the Dey and redeem the American cap- plan and the execution. It is justly extives on the coast of Barbary. He im- posed to severe criticism for some extravamediately left Paris, and passing through gant and absurd flights of fancy and for Spain crossed over to Algiers. He soon the many new-coined and uncouth words, concluded a treaty and negotiated also a which it contains. Its sentiments also have treaty with Tripoli, rescuing many Amer- been thought hostile to Christianity. ican citizens from slavery. His humane Gregoire addressed a letter to the author, exertions were attended with great dan- reproving him for placing the cross ager. In 1797 he resigned his consulship mong the symbols of fraud, folly, and erand returned to Paris, where he purcha- ror. Mr. Barlow in his reply declared, that sed the splendid hotel of the count, Cler- he was not an unbeliever, or that he had mont de Tonnere, in which he lived for not renounced Christianity, and endeavorsome years in a sumptuous manner. ed to justify the description, which had offended Gregoire, on the ground that he had been accustomed to regard the cross not as the emblem of Christianity itself but of its corruptions by popery.

In 1811 he was nominated a minister

At

On the occurrence of the rupture between his native country and France, he published a letter to the people of the United States on the measures of Mr. Adams' administration. This was soon followed by a second part, containing plenipotentiary to the French governspeculations on various political subjects. ment, but in his attempt to negotiate a At this period he presented a memoir treaty of commerce and indemnification to the French government, denouncing for spoliations he was not successful. the whole system of privateering, and length, in October, 1812, he was invited contending for the right of neutrals to to a conference with the emperor at Wiltrade in articles contraband of war. na. He immediately set off, travelling In the spring of 1805, having sold his day and night. Overcome by fatigue, real estate in France, he returned to and exposed to sudden changes from exAmerica after an absence of nearly 17 treme cold to the excessive heat of the years. He purchased a beautiful situ- small cottages of the Jews, which are the ation and house near Georgetown but only taverns in Poland, he was seized by within the limits of the city of Washing- a violent inflammation of the lungs, which ton. This place he called "Kalorama." terminated his life at Zarnowica, or ZarHe printed in 1806 a prospectus of a na- nowitch, an obscure village near Cracow, tional Institution at Washington, which Dec. 22, 1812, aged 54 years. should combine a university with a lear-widow died at Kalorama May 30, 1818, ned society, together with a military and naval academy and a school of fine arts. In compliance with this project a bill was introduced into the Senate, but it was not passed into a law.

aged 62.

His

If,

He was of an amiable disposition and domestic habits, generally silent in mixed company, and often absent in mind. His manners were grave and dignified. In 1808 he published the Columbiad, a as there is reason to conclude, though poem, which had been the labor of half once a preacher of the gospel he had his life, in the most splendid volume, ceased to regard it as of divine authority, which had ever issued from the American and died without the support of its glopress. It was adorned by excellent en-rious promises; there is no wise man, gravings, executed in London, and was who will envy him the possession of his inscribed to Robert Fulton, with whom he worldly prosperity and distinction to be had long lived in friendship and whom he acquired at the price of the abandonment regarded as his adopted son. This work, of the religion, which he once preached. though soon published in a cheaper form, As a poet Mr. Barlow will hardly live in has never acquired much popularity. As the memory of future ages. His vision of