unassuming, untainted with ambition, | Bible in our schools. He thought, that simple in manners, correct in morals, and children should early be made acquainted a model of every social and personal vir- with the important truths, which it contue. The charms of his conversation tains, and he considered it as a principal were unequalled. instrument of making them acquainted

He entertained a firm belief in chris- with their own language in its purity. tianity, and his belief was founded upona | He said, “ I will hazard the assertion, thorough investigation of the subject. that no man ever did or ever will become He read most of the bestwritings in defence truly eloquent, without being a constant of the christian religion, but he was satisfi- | reader of the Bible, and an admirer of ed by a view rather of its internal than its the purity and sublimity of its language." external evidences. He thought it im- He recommended the teaching of the possible, that any man of a fair mind could assembly's catechism; not perhaps beread the old testament and meditate on cause he was perfectly satisfied with eveits contents without a conviction of its ry expression, but because, as he remarktruth and inspiration. The sublime and ed, it was a good thing on the whole, becorrect ideas, which the Jewish scriptures cause it had become venerable by age, convey of God, connected with the fact because our pious ancestors taught it to that all other nations, many of whom their children with happy effect, and bewere superior to the Jews in civilization cause he was opposed to innovation, un& general improvement, remained in dark- willing to leave an old, experienced path ness & error on this great subject, formed for one new and uncertain. On the in his view a conclusive argument. After same ground he approved the use of reading the book of Deuteronomy he ex- Watts' version of the Psalms and Hymns. pressed his astonishment, that any man, No uninspired man, in his judgment had versed in antiquities, could have the hard-succeeded so well as Watts in uniting ihood to say, that it was the production of with the sentiments of piety the embelhuman ingenuity. Marks of divinity, he lishments of poetry. said, were stamped upon it. His views Mr. Ames made a public profession of of the doctrines of religion were generally religion in the first congregational church Calvinistic. An enemy to metaphysical in Dedham. With this church he reguand controversial theology, he disliked larly communed, till precluded by indisthe use of technical and sectarian phrases. position from attending public worship. The term trinity however he frequent- His practice corresponded with his profesly used with reverence, and in a manner, sion. His life was regular and irrewhich implied his belief of the doctrine. proachable. Few, who have been placed His persuasion of the divinity of Christ in similar circumstances, have been less he often declared, and his belief of this contaminated by intercourse with the truth seems to have resulted from a par- | world. It is doubted, whether any one ticular investigation of the subject, for ever heard him utter an expression, calhe remarked to a friend, that he once culated to excite an impious or impure read the evangelists with the sole purpose idea. The most scrutinizing eye discovof learning what Christ had said of himself. ered in him no disguise or hypocrisy. He was an admirer of the common His views of himself however were translation of the Bible. He said it was humble and abased. He was often oba, specimen of pure English; and though | served to shed tears, while speaking of he acknowledged, that a few phrases had his closet devotions and experiences. grown obsolete, and that a few passages He lamented the coldness of his heart might be obscurely translated, yet he and the wanderings of his thoughts while should consider the adoption of any new addressing his Maker or meditating on translation as an incalculable evil. He the precious truths, which he had revealed. lamented the prevailing disuse of the In his last sickness, when near his end,

and when he had just expressed his be-eral Amherst in the spring transferred his lief of his approaching dissolution, he head quarters from New York to Albany; exhibited submission to the divine will but it was not till the 22d of July, that he and the hope of the divine favor. "I reached Ticonderoga, against which place have peace of mind," said he. "It may he was to act. On the 27th this place arise from stupidity; but I think it is foun- fell into his hands, the enemy having ded on a belief of the gospel." At the deserted it. He next took Crown point, same time he disclaimed every idea of meriting salvation. "My hope," said he," is in the mercy of God, through Jesus Christ."

and put his troops in winter quarters about the last of October. In the year of 1760 he advanced against Canada, embarking on lake Ontario and proceeding down the St. Lawrence. On the 8th of September M. de Vaudreuil capitulated, surrendering Montreal and all other places within the government of Canada.

He continued in the command in

In

Mr. Ames' speech in relation to the British treaty, which was delivered April 28,1796, is a fine specimen of eloquence. He published an oration on the death of Washington in 1800, and he wrote much for the newspapers. His political writings America till the latter end of 1763, when were published in 1809, in one volume, he returned to England. The author 8vo. with a notice of his life and character of the letters of Junius was his friend, and by president Kirkland.-Panoplist, July in Sept. 1768 wrote in his favor. 1800; Dexter's fun. eulogy; Marshall's 1771 he was made governor of Guernsey, Washington, v. 203; Ames' works. and in 1776. he was created Baron AmAMHERST, Jeffery, lord, commander herst of Holmsdale in the county of Kent. in chief of the British army at the con- In 1778 he commanded the army in Engquest of Canada in 1760, was born in land. At this period lord Sackville, to Kent, England, Jan. 29, 1717. Having whom the letters of Junius have been asearly discovered a predilection for the mil-cribed, was one of the king's ministers; and itary life, he received his first commission he had been intimate with Amherst from in the army in 1731, and was aid de camp early life. In 1782 he received the gold to gen. Ligonier in 1741, in which stick from the king; but on the change character he was present at the battles of of the administration the command of the Dettingen, Fontenoy, and Rocoux. He army and the lieutenant generalship of was afterward aid de camp to his royal the ordnance were put into other hands. highness, the duke of Cumberland, at the In 1787 he received another patent of battle of Laffeldt. In 1758 he received peerage, as baron Amherst of Montreal. orders to return to England, being appoin- On the 23d of January 1793 he was again ted for the American service. He sailed appointed to the command of the army from Portsmouth March 16th as major in Great Britain; but on the 10th of general, having the command of the February 1795 this veteran and very detroops destined for the siege of Louis-serving officer was superseded by his roybourg. On the 26th of July following al highness, the duke of York, the second he captured that place, and without far- son of the king, who was only in the thirther difficulty took entire possession of the ty first year of his age, and had never island of Cape Breton. After this event seen any actual service. The governhe succeeded Abercrombie in the com- ment upon this occasion with a view to mand of the army in North America. soothe the feelings of the old general offerIn 1759 the vast design of the entire con-ed him an earldom and the rank of field quest of Canada was formed. Three ar- marshal, both of which he at that time mies were to attack at nearly the same rejected. The office of field marshal howtime all the strong holds of the French in ever he accepted on the 30th of July, 1796. that country. They were commanded He died without children at his seat in by Wolfe, Amherst, and Prideaux. Gen- Kent August 3, 1797, aged eighty years.

Watkins; Holmes' annals, ii. 226—phia, where he took his degree in 1828, 246, 498; Marshall, i. 442— 470; Mi- and afterwards settled as a physician at not, ii. 36. Hagerstown. Here, at his home, amidst ANDERSON, Rufus, minister of all the happiness of the family circle and Wenham, Massa., was born in London- of religious institutions, he formed the derry March 5, 1765 and graduated at purpose of devoting his life to the coloDartmouth college in 1791. In conse- nists of Liberia. He hoped to benefit quence of a religious education his mind them by his medical skill and was particuwas early imbued with the truths of the larly anxious to promote the cause of temgospel. He was ordained pastor of the perance in Africa. He sailed Jan. 17, second church in North Yarmouth Oct. 1830,& arrived at the colony Feb. 17. Dr. 22, 1794. After a ministry of ten years Mechlin, the agent, now returning, the he was dismissed, and installed July 10, affairs of the colony were committed to 1805 at Wenham, where he died Feb. Dr. Anderson; but he died of the African 1814. Dr. Worcester has described his fever April 12, aged 27 years. In his excellent character and spoken of his use- illness he was resigned and joyful in the ful labors and peaceful death. He pub-hope of salvation. He requested, that the lished two discourses on the fast, 1802; following sentence might be inscribed on and 7 letters against the close communion his tomb-stone:-"Jesus, for thee I live, of the baptists, 1805.—Worcester's fun. for thee I die!"-Afric. Repos. vi. 189– serm.; Panopl. 10: 307.

191.

army in Jan. 1771.

ANDERSON, James, M. D., an em- ANDRE, John, aid de camp to sir inent physician of Maryland, died at his Henry Clinton, and adjutant general of seat near Chestertown Dec. 8, 1820, in the British army in the revolutionary the 69th year of his age. He studied at war, was born in England in 1749. Philadelphia and at Edinburgh. His fa- His father was a native of Geneva and a ther was a physician from Scotland. Dr. considerable merchant in the Levant Anderson was learned and skilful, and trade; he died in 1769. Young Andre highly respected in all the relations of life. was destined to mercantile business, and As a Christian he was distinguished,-in attended his father's compting house, his peculiar views being a disciple of Wes- after having spent some years for his eduley. With exemplary patience and meek-cation at Geneva. He first entered the ness he submitted to a painful illness and At this time he had died in peace.-Thacher's med. Biog. a strong attachment to Honoria Sneyd, ANDERSON, Richard, minister of the who afterwards married Mr. Edgeworth. United States to Colombia, was a native In 1772 he visited the courts of Germany, of Kentucky and for some years a mem- and returned to England in 1773. ber of congress. Being appointed envoy landed at Philadelphia in Sept. 1774 as extraordinary to the assembly of Ameri- lieutenant of the Royal English Fusican nations at Panama, while on his way to that place he died at Carthagena July 24, 1826. On his former visit to Colombia he lost his excellent wife. His father, Richard C. Anderson, died Nov. 6.-Mr. Anderson was a very amiable man,of a discriminating mind, and very discreet and conciliatory as a politician.

He

leers; and soon proceeded by way of Boston to Canada to join his regiment. In 1775 he was taken prisoner by Montgomery at St Johns; but was afterwards exchanged, and appointed captain. In the summer of 1777 he was appointed aid to Gen. Grey and was present at the engagements in New Jersey and PennsylANDERSON, John Wallace, M. D., vania in 1777 and 1778. On the return physician to the colony in Liberia, was of Gen. Grey, he was appointed aid to the son of col. Richard Anderson, and Gen, Clinton. In 1780 he was promoted born in Hagerstown Maryland, in 1802. to the rank of major, and made adjutant His medical education was at Philadel-general of the British army.

After Arnold had intimated to the evening of the 22d, accompanied by JoshBritish in 1780 his intention of delivering | ua Smith, and passed the night at Crom up West Point to them, major Andre pond. The next morning he crossed the was selected as the person, to whom the | Hudson to King's ferry on the east side... maturing of Arnold's treason and the ar- A little beyond the Croton, Smith, deemrangements for its execution should be ing him safe, bid him adieu. He had committed. A correspondence was for passed all the guards and posts on the some time carried on between them under road without suspicion,& was proceeding a mercantile disguise & the feigned names to New York in perfect security, when, of Gustavus and Anderson; and at length September 23d, one of the three militia to facilitate their communications the men, who were employed with others in Vulture sloop of war moved up the North scouting parties between the lines of the river and took a station convenient for two armies, springing suddenly from his the purpose, but not so near as to excite covert into the road, seized the reins of suspicion. An interview was agreed on, his bridle and stopped his horse. Instead and in the night of September 21, 1780 of producing his pass, Andre, with a he was taken in a boat, which was des- want of self possession, which can be atpatched for the purpose, and carried to tributed only to a kind providence, asked the beach, without the posts of both ar- the man hastily where he belonged, and mies, under a pass for John Anderson. | being answered, “to below, replied imHe met general Arnold at the house of a mediately, "and so do I." He then deMr. Smith. While the conference was | clared himself to be a British officer, on yet unfinished, day light approached; urgent business, and begged that he might and to avoid the danger of discovery it not be detained. The other two militia was proposed, that he should remain con- | men coming up at this moment, he discealed, till the succeeding night. He covered his mistake; but it was too late is understood to have refused to be carried within the American posts, but the promise made him by Arnold to respect this objection was not observed. He was carried within them contrary to his wishes and against his knowledge. He continued with Arnold the succeeding day, and when on the following night he The militia men, whose names were proposed to return to the Vulture, the John Paulding, David Williams, and boatman refused to carry him, because | Isaac, Van Wart, proceeded to search him. she had during the day shifted her station They found concealed in his boots exact in consequence of a gun having been returns, in Arnold's hand writing, of the moved to the shore and brought to bear state of the forces, ordnance, and defenupon her. This embarrassing circum-ces at West Point & its dependencies,critstance reduced him to the necessity of endeavoring to reach New York by land. Yielding with reluctance to the urgent representations of Arnold, he laid' aside his regimentals, which he had hitherto worn under a surtout, and put on a plain suit of clothes; and receiving a pass from the American general, authorising him, under the feigned name of John Anderson, to proceed on the public service to the White Plains or lower if he thought proper, he set out on his return in the

to repair it. He offered them his purse and a valuable watch, to which he added the most tempting promises of ample reward and permanent provision from the government, if they would permit him to escape; but his offers, were rejected without hesitation.

ical remarks on the works, and an estimate of the men ordinarily employed in them, with other interesting papers. Andre was carried before lieut. col. Jameson, the officer commanding the scouting parties on the lines, and regardless of himself and only anxious for the safety of Arnold, he still maintained the character, which he had assumed, & requested Jameson to inform his commanding officer, that Anderson was taken. A letter was accordingly sent to Arnold, and the trai

tor, thus becoming acquainted with his | ed to die as a soldier and not as a criminal. danger, escaped. The narrative of the To obtain a mitigation of his sentence in bearer of this letter, Mr. Solomon Allen, this respect he addressed a letter to general *is given in the sketch of his life: it differs Washington, replete with all the feelings in several respects from the account of the affair in the Encyc. Americana, and throws light upon circumstances, which have been heretofore obscure.

The

of a man of sentiment and honor. commander in chief consulted his officers on the subject; but as Andre unquestionably came under the description of a spy, A board of general officers, of which it was thought, that the public good remajor general Greene was president, and quired his punishment to be in the usual the two foreign generals, Lafayette and way. The decision however, from tenSteuben, were members, was called to re-derness to Andre, was not divulged. He port a precise state of the case of Andre, encountered his fate, Oct. 2d, at Tappan who had acknowledged himself adjutant with a composure and fortitude, which general of the British army, and to de-excited the admiration and interested the termine in what character he was to be feelings of all, who were present. He considered, and to what punishment he exhibited some emotion, when he first was liable. He received from the board beheld the preparations at the fatal spot, every mark of indulgent attention; and and inquired, "must I die in this manfrom a sense of justice, as well as of deli- ner?" He soon afterwards added, "it cacy, he was informed on the first open-will be but a momentary pang ;" and being of the examination, that he was at ing asked, if he had any request to make perfect liberty not to answer any inter- before he left the world, he answered, rogatory, which might embarrass his own "none but that you will witness to the feelings. But he disdained every evasion, world, that I die like a brave man." and frankly acknowledged every thing, While one weeps at the ignominious which was material to his condemnation. death of a man so much esteemed and beThe board, which met Sept. 29th, did not loved, it would have given some relief to examine a single witness, but, founding the pained mind, if he had died more like their report entirely upon his own con- a christian & less like a soldier. The symfession, reported that he came within the pathy, excited among the American offidescription of a spy and ought to suffer cers by his fate, was as universal,as it is undeath. The execution of this sentence usual on such occasions; and proclaims the was ordered on the day succeeding that, merit of him, who suffered, & the humanity on which it was rendered. of those, who inflicted the punishment.The greatest exertions were made by In 1821 the bones of Andre were dug up sir Henry Clinton, to whom Andre was and carried to his native land by royal particularly dear, to rescue him from his mandate. Major Andre wrote the Cow fate. It was first represented, that he Chase, in 3 cantos, 1781. This poem came on shore under the sanction of a was originally published in Rivington's flag; but Washington returned an an- royal Gazette, N. Y. in the morning of swer to Clinton, in which he stated, that the day, in which Andre was taken prisAndre had himself disclaimed the pretext.oner. The last stanza, intended to ridiAn interview was next proposed between cule gen, Wayne for his failure in an lieut. gen. Robertson and gen. Greene; attempt to collect cattle for the army, is but no facts, which had not before been this:considered, were made known. When every other exertion failed, à letter from Arnold, filled with threats, was presented.

Andre was deeply affected by the mode of dying, which the laws of war had decreed to persons in his situation. He wish

"And now I've closed my epic strain,
I treinble, as I show it,

Lest this same Warrior-Drover, Wayne,
Should ever catch the Poet!”- -

He wrote also letters to Miss Seward,
New York, 1772.-Miss Seward wrote a