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stock. It produced in '79, 1623 lbs. of honey. It contains vast quantities of granite, gold is found, iron ore, and a kind of slate used for hones. It had in '78, 1 gold quartz mine, employing 11 men, with a capital of $30,000 and annual product of $7,000. Seat of justice, Lincolnton.

LINCOLN, a co. in n. Kansas, watered by the Saline river, an affluent of the Kansas river, is also drained by Wolf creek and affluents of the Soloman river; 720 sq.m.; pop. '80, 8,582. Its surface spreads out into limitless fertile plains, in many portions cov ered with timber, in others sinking into salt marshes or rising into low hills. Magnesia is a component part of the limestone that forms the foundation of the soil, which produces corn, wheat, wool, dairy products, and affording fine pasturage is well adapted to the raising of stock. Seat of justice, Lincoln.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. Kentucky, watered by Dieks river, an affluent of the Ken tucky, and the head-waters of Green river, is intersected by the Knoxville line of the Louisville and Nashville railroad, forming a junction at its county seat, in the n.e. section, with the Richmond and Stanford branch; also the Cincinnati Southern in the w. and s.; 400 sq.m.; pop. '80, 15,079-14,992 of American birth, 3,908 colored. Its surface is hilly and thinly timbered; its soil, of a calcareous formation, producing the blue grass of the prairie, flax, maple sugar, sorghum, sweet potatoes, tobacco, wool, corn, rye, wheat, and the products of the dairy. It produced in '79, 10,154 lbs. of honey. Cattle, sheep, and swine are raised. Cash value of farms in '80, $3,246,176, numbering 1,300, with several over 1,000 acres. It had in '80, 18 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $69,000, and an annual product of $98,461. Among its industries are the manufacture of woolen goods, saddlery, and harness. It has distilleries, saw mills, and steam grist mills. Seat of justice, Stanford.

LINCOLN, a parish in n. w. Louisiana, formed 1873; is drained by the head-waters of the Dugdemona river, the Saline bayou, the bayou d'Arbonne, and numerous affluents of the Washita river; about 550 sq.m.; pop. '80, 11,075-11,048 of American birth, 4,900 colored. It is composed of portions of the counties of Bienville, Jackson, Union, and Claiborne. Its surface is uneven, and its soil has all the elements of fertility. Seat of justice, Vienna.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. Maine, having numerous inlets of the Atlantic ocean, which lies on its s. boundary, has the Kennebec river, navigable 44 m. from its mouth, for its s.w. border; 500 sq.m.; pop. '80, 24,809-24,330 of American birth, 46 colored. It is drained by the Sheepscot river, flowing through it from n. to s., emptying into the ocean not far from Bath. It has also Damariscotta lake, smaller lakes in the extreme n., Damariscotta river, the outlet of the lake, navigable by the largest ships, and the bays of its southern border. Its surface rises into long, high hills that sink into deep valleys. It is thinly timbered, and the soil under cultivation is very fertile, producing every variety of grain, wool, dairy products, honey, and maple sugar. Cattle, sheep, and swine are raised. Its commercial facilities are unsurpassed, its harbors being spacious, safe, and accessible. Much attention is paid to fishing, steamboats being used, with which large quantities of fish are taken with the seine, and pressed into oil in establishments for that purpose. It has also curing and packing establishments. Among its industries are ship-building and repairing, the manufacture of machinery, bricks, matches, lumber, sails, and wool; it has also wool-carding and cloth-dressing mills, and steam saw and flour mills. Cash value of farms in '80, $4,430,989, numbering 3,197. It had in '80, 86 manufacturing establishments, employing 403 hands, with a capital of $73,000, and an annual product of $550,000. It is traversed near the coast by the Knox and Lincoln railroad from Rockland to Bath. It has an active coast trade, and ice is largely exported to southern ports. Seat of justice, Wiscassett.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. w. Minnesota, having the state line of Dakotah for its western boundary, is intersected in the extreme n.e. by the Winona and St. Peter railroad; about 540 sq.m.; pop. '80, 2,945-1872 of American birth, 3 Indians. It is watered by the Yellow Medicine river, other tributaries of the Minnesota river, by lake Benton, 8 m. long, in its southern section, and a few smaller lakes. Its surface is level in the n., and rough and hilly in the extreme south. It has a fertile soil. Seat of justice, Marshfield.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. w. Mississippi, drained by the head-waters of the Bogue Chitto, a confluent of Pearl river, is intersected centrally by the Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans railroad; 600 sq.m.; pop. '80, 13,543-7701 of American birth. Its surface is level and is diversified by fertile plains and immense forests of magnolia, beech, and useful timber. Its soil is adapted to the production of live stock, rice, oats, corn, tobacco, cotton, wool, sweet potatoes, wine, honey, sugar cane, and the products of the dairy. It had in '80, 12 manufacturing establishments, employing 92 hands, with a capital of $76,400, and an annual product of $198,000. Seat of justice, Brookhaven.

LINCOLN, a co. in e. Missouri, having the Mississippi for its eastern boundary, separating it from Illinois, is drained by the Cuivre river; 600 sq.m.: pop. '80, 17,42616,606 of American birth, 2,146 colored. It is watered by Eagle fork and Big creek. Its surface is hilly and liberally supplied with building timber. Its soil, having an understratum of limestone, is very fertile in the valleys, being adapted to the raising of live stock, tobacco, every variety of grain, wool, sweet potatoes, dairy products, sorghum,

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maple sugar, and flaxseed. It produced in "79, 11,610 lbs. of honey. Cash value of farms in '80, $4,243,837, numbering 2,450, including 8 of 1,000 acres and over. Value of live stock in '80, $1,024,403. It had in '80, 11 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $38,500, and an annual product of $95,187. Among its manufactories are flour and saw mills, tanneries, leather currying establishments, plow factories, tobacco factories, wool-carding and cloth-dressing mills. Seat of justice, Troy.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. Nebraska, having the North Platte river for its northern boundary, is traversed by the Republican river; about 2.592 sq.m.; pop. '80, 3,632— 3,032 of American birth, 6 colored. Its surface is level and poorly timbered. The soil of the famous Platte valley is light and eminently productive, affording excellent facilities for stock raising. It is intersected by the Union Pacific railroad. Among its manufactories are breweries, cheese factories, and the railroad repair shops. Seat of justice, North Platte.

LINCOLN, a co. in s.e. New Mexico, organized 1869; having the state line of Texas for its e. boundary; traversed by the Pecos, the Rio Bonito, and numerous small streams; 13,000 sq.m.; pop. '80, 2,513-2,303 of American birth. Cash value of farms in '80, $157,625, numbering 60, none under 10 acres, 3 over 500. Its surface is equally divided into mountain and prairie, with few trees, the eastern portion being a part of the great Staked Plain and the w. occupied by ranges of the White mountains and the Gaudalupe. Its soil when irrigated is fertile, and produces wheat, Indian corn, barley, and oats. It is largely taken up by Indian reservations, but has much tillable land. Seat of justice, Lincoln.

LINCOLN, a co. in w. North Carolina, having the Catawba river for its eastern border, is intersected centrally by one of its branches called the Little Catawba; 250 sq.m.; pop. '80, 11,061-11,051 of American birth, 2,881 colored. Its surface is uneven and equally divided into tillable lands, and hard-wood forests. It contains valuable diposits of iron ore Gold is found in the eastern portion and on the banks of the Little Catawba. Its soil is fertile and adapted to the raising of buckwheat, oats, corn, rye, wheat, tobacco, cotton, wool, sweet potatoes, wine, honey, sorghum, flax, live stock, and the products of the dairy. It had in '70, two mining establishments of iron ore, employing 40 hands, with a capital of $43,000, and an annual product of $8,800. It had in '80, 20 manufacturing establishments, employing 110 hands, with a capital of $172,700, and an annual product of $281,206. Its industries are represented by manufactories of paper, cotton goods, pig iron, etc. Seat of justice, Lincolnton.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. Tennessee, having the state line of Alabama for its southern boundary, is traversed by the Elk river, and has the terminus of the Decherd to Fayetteville line of the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis railway, at its co. seat; 720 sq.m.; pop. '80, 26,960-26,900 of American birth, 6,316 colored. Its surface is uneven, well wooded with locust, poplar, and tulip trees, and hard-wood useful for building purposes. Its soil is fertile, producing maple sugar, sorghum, wool, sweet potatoes, tobacco, cotton, every variety of grain, and the products of the dairy. It produced in '80, 1,252,915 bushels of corn, and 50,274 lbs. of honey. Cash value of farms in '80, $6,521,190, numbering 3,000, including 11 over 1,000 acres. It had in '80, 49 manufacturing establishments, employing 150 hands, with a capital of $151,700, and an annual product of $382,255, utilizing its valuable water-power. Among its industries are the manufacture of cotton yarn, woolen goods, saddlery and harness, and leather, and it has saw and flour mills. Seat of justice, Fayetteville.

LINCOLN, a co. in s.w. West Virginia, having the Coal river, an affluent of the Kanawha river for its eastern boundary, is drained in its western portion by the Guyandotte river, the Caney fork in the south-western, and other affluents of the Ohio and Kanawha rivers; 400 sq.m.; pop. '80, 8, 739-8,723 of American birth, 52 colored. Its surface is mountainous, well provided with building timber and presents scenery of great beauty. It is watered by the Mud river, running at the base of the mountains, and parallel with them. The soil of the river bottoms is very rich, and is generally founded on carboniferous rock. Iron is abundant. Its products are buckwheat, oats, corn, rye, wheat, flax, maple sugar, tobacco, wool, honey, and sorghum. Cattle, sheep, and swine are raised. Seat of justice, Hamlin.

LINCOLN, co. Wis. See page 879.

LINCOLN, a co. in s. Ontario, Canada, having lake Ontario for its n. boundary; intersected in the eastern section by the Welland canal; bounded on the e. by the Niagara river and the Erie and Niagara railroad, running parallel with the river for 28 m. from the town of Niagara to the International bridge, and is intersected by a branch of the Great Western railroad, running along the border of the lake, and crossing the canal to connect with the line to Niagara Falls; 321 sq.m.; pop. '81, 22,963. Its manufactories consist of foundries and machine shops, sewing-machine factories, soap and candle works, tanneries, woolen mills, breweries, flour and saw and planing mills. Ship building and repairing is among its industries, its ports having excellent shipyards. Seat of justice, St. Catherines.

LIN'COLN (called by the Romans Lindum; from which, with Colonia subjoined, comes the modern name), a city of England, capital of the county of the same name, a parliamentary and municipal borough and county of itself, is situated on the Witham,

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140 m. n.n.w. of London by railway. Built on the slope of a hill, which is crowned by the cathedral, the city is imposing in effect, and can be seen from a very considerable distance. It is very ancient, is irregularly laid out, and contains many interesting specimens of early architecture. The cathedral, one of the finest in England, is the principal building. It is surmounted by three towers, two of which, 180 ft. in height, were formerly continued by spires of 101 feet. The central tower, 53 ft. square, is 300 ft. high. The interior length of the cathedral is 482, the width 80 feet. The famous bell called Tom of Lincoln was cast in 1610, and was hung in one of the w. towers of this edifice. It was broken up, however, in 1834, and, together with six other bells, was recast to form the present large bell and two quarter bells. The present bell, which hangs in the central tower, is 5 tons 8 cwt. in weight; and is 6 ft. 10 in. in diameter at the mouth. The style of the cathedral, though various, is chiefly early English. Lincoln also contains many other interesting religious edifices, among which are three churches, dating from before the reformation, etc., numerous schools, and benevolent institutions. Several iron foundries and manufactories of portable steam-engines and agricultural machines, as well as large steam flour-mills, are in operation here, and there is an active trade in flour. Brewing and machine-making, with a trade in corn and wool, are also carried on. Two members are returned to the house of commons for the city. Pop. '61, 20,999; '81, 37,312

Lincoln, under the Romans, was a place of some importance, and under the Saxons and the Danes it preserved a good position. It was the seat of an extensive and important trade at the time of the Norman conquest; but its advancement since that time has not been equally rapid. It contains some very interesting antiquities, as the Roman gate, the remains of the palace and stables of John of Gaunt, and the town-hall.

LINCOLN, the capital t. of Logan co., Ill., near Salt creek, on the Chicago and Alton railroad, where it crosses the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western railroad; also, on the Pekin branch of the Wabash railroad; 28 m. n.n.e. of Springfield, and 157 m. s.s.w. of Chicago. Pop. 5,639. It is the seat of Lincoln university (Cumberland Presbyterian), and of the state institution for feeble-minded children. The place contains 11 churches, 2 or 3 banks, a high school, a court-house, and manufactories of farm implements; also 1 daily and 4 weekly newspapers. Coal is mined in the neighborhood.

LINCOLN, a city, the capital of Nebraska and of the co. of Lancaster, situated at the junction of several branches of Salt creek; lat. about 40° 50' n., long. 96° 45' west. It is 66 m. s. w. of Omaha, and 168 m. n.w. of Leavenworth, Kansas, and lies upon the Nebraska or Midland Pacific, where it crosses the Burlington and Missouri river railroad, and is besides the n. w. terminus of the Atchison and Nebraska railroad. It was made the capital of the state in 1867; pop. 1880, 13,003. It is surrounded by beautiful undulating prairies, and fine building sites abound in its neighborhood. It is regularly laid out; the 17 avenues running n. and s. bear numerical names, while the cross-streets bear the names of the letters of the alphabet. The avenues are 120 ft. and the streets 100 ft. wide. Among the public buildings are the state-house (built of light-colored limestone), the state asylum for the insane (built of sandstone, and costing $136,000), the penitentiary (built of limestone at a cost of $312,000), the state library, an opera-house, a high-school, the Nebraska state university and agricultural college (open in all depart ments to students of both sexes), and 21 churches. The city has two national and several other banks; 6 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 6 weekly newspapers. In the near vicinity are abundant saline springs, from which large supplies of salt are obtained LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, sixteenth president of the United States was b. in Kentucky, Feb. 12, 1809. His grandfather was an emigrant from Virginia; his father, a poor farmer, who, in 1806, removed from Kentucky to Indiana. In the rude life of the backwoods, Lincoln's entire schooling did not exceed one year, and he was employed in the severest agricultural labor. He lived with his family at Spencer co., Indiana, till 1830, when he removed to Illinois, where, with another man, he performed the feat of splitting 3,000 rails in a day, which gave him the popular sobriquet of the rail-splitter." In 1834 he was elected to the Illinois legislature. At this period he lived by surveying land, wore patched homespun clothes, and spent his leisure hours in studying law. He was three times re-elected to the legislature; was admitted to practice law in 1836; and removed to Springfield, the state capital. In 1844 he canvassed the state for Mr. Clay, then nominated for president. Mr. Clay was defeated, but the popularity gained by Lincoln in the canvass secured his own election to congress in 1846, where he voted against the extension of slavery; and in 1854 was a recognized leader in the newly formed republican party. In 1855 he canvassed the state as a candidate for United States senator against Mr. Douglas, but without success. In 1856 he was an active supporter of Mr. Fremont in the presidential canvass which resulted in the election of Mr. Buchanan. In 1860 he was nominated for the presidency by the Chicago convention over Mr. Seward, who expected the nomination. The non-extension of slavery to the territories, or new states to be formed from them, was the most important principle of his party. There were three other candidates-Mr. Douglas of Illinois, northern Democrat; Mr. Breckenridge of Kentucky, then vice-president, and afterwards a general of the confederate army, southern democrat; and Mr. Bell of Tennessee, native American. With this division, Mr.

Lincoln received a majority of votes over any of the other candidates, though a million short of an absolute majority; every southern and one northern state voted against him. He was installed in the president's chair, Mar. 4, 1861. His election by a sectional vote and on a sectional issue hostile to the south, was followed by the secession of 11 southern states, and a war for the restoration of the union. As a military measure, he proclaimed, Jan. 1, 1863, the freedom of all slaves in the rebel states; and was re-elected to the presidency in 1864, but was assassinated April 15, 1865.

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (ante), the 14th elected president of the United States, serving the 19th term of 4 years; b. in Hardin co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809; his father being Thomas Lincoln, who married Nancy Hanks. He was, probably, descended from Samuel Lincoln, of Norwich, England, an emigrant to Hingham, Mass., in 1638, some of whose descendants, who were Quakers, settled in Amity township, New Jersey (now included in Berks co., Penn.), and eventually in Rockingham co., Virginia. The Virginia Lincolns are described as "reputable and well-to-do," and an intimacy between them and the family of Daniel Boone led Abraham L., father of Thomas, to remove to Jefferson co., Kentucky, where he was killed by the Indians, while clearing his farm. Thomas Lincoln was a restless, thriftless man, living by jobs of carpentry and other work, until finally, deciding to try farming, he settled down in a wretched cabin near a spring of good water, but in a barren region. In that humble cabin Abraham was born. The boy was fond of fishing and hunting, but at an early age he began to grow serious, and of himself to develop the moral training which became so conspicuous in after-life. With his sister he traveled to a humble school four miles away. In 1816 Thomas Lincoln had a serious difficulty with a neighbor, the result of which was his emigration to Ohio in the autumn of that year, transporting his household goods on a rude flat-boat, and losing almost everything by the capsizing of the craft. Saving a few tools and the greater portion of his whisky, he brought up in Posey co., Ind., sold his boat, and chose a location in the wilderness in Perry county. With much difficulty he brought his family there, consisting of his wife Nancy, a daughter 9 years old, and Abraham, aged seven. Here in Oct., 1818, Abraham's mother died. The widower 13 months afterwards married a widow with whom he had been in love before he married Nancy Hanks. The new wife was a good step-mother to little Abraham and his sister (whose name was changed from Nancy to Sarah), although she brought a son and two daughters of her own. She found her step-children dirty and poorly clad, for they had been sadly neglected; but, being a woman of energy, a speedy and thorough reformation followed her advent. She took kindly to Abraham, and her love continued to the day of his death. She encouraged him in his studies, and all was harmonious and happy in the mixed family. It was not to his real mother but to his step-mother that Lincoln, in after years, so often referred as "saintly" and an "angel," who first made him feel like a human being, whose goodness first touched his childish heart, and taught him that blows and taunts and degradation were not always to be his portion in this life. He had but little chance for schooling, but that little was well improved. He grew in height amazingly, and before his 17th birthday was at his maximum of 6 ft. 4 in., wiry and strong, with enormous hands and feet, greatly disproportionate length of legs and arms, and over all a rather small head; his skin was yellow and shriveled, and his complexion swarthy. He wore coarse home-made clothes, and a coon-skin cap; his trousers, owing to his rapid growth, were nearly a foot too short. But this awkward, overgrown boy was always in good humor, and always in good health. While at school he was noted as a good speller, but more particularly for his abhorrence of cruelty-his earliest composition being a protest against putting coals of fire on the backs of captured terrapins. His last attendance at school was in 1826, when he was 17 years old. He worked at odd jobs, and one of his employers says "Abe was awful lazy; he would laugh and talk and crack jokes and tell stories all the time; he didn't love work." He would lie under a tree or in the loft of the house, and at night sit in the firelight to read, cipher, and scribble on the wooden fire-shovel. He read everything readable within his reach, and copied passages or sentences that especially attracted him. His reading, however, included little more than Robinson Crusoe, Pilgrim's Progress, Weems's Life of Washington, and a History of the United States. His stepmother said that the Bible was one of his favorite books. His first knowledge of the law, in which he afterwards became eminent, was through reading the statutes of Indiana, borrowed from a constable. He had a strong memory and a taste for speaking in public. In 1825 he worked 9 months on a ferry over the Ohio river, receiving a salary of $6 per month. His first venture in the great outside world was as assistant navigator of a flat-boat down the Ohio and the Mississippi to New Orleans, returning in June, 1828. In 1830 the Lincolns emigrated to Illinois, Abraham being the driver of a wagon hauled by 4 yoke of oxen. A few days after their arrival at their destination near Decatur, Lincoln became of age, and at once determined to make his own way in the world. The story of his making rails is fixed at this period, but it is apocryphal, and the "Illinois rail-splitter" was a misnomer. In this period Lincoln got a tolerable knowledge of grammar from a borrowed book, studied by the light of burning shavings in a cooper's shop. In 1832 came the Black Hawk Indian war, and Lincoln enlisted in a company at Sangamon and was chosen captain; but there were no remarkable acts done by him during the campaign.

In 1832, the year of Jackson's second election as president, Lincoln made his first appearance in politics as a candidate for the state assembly on the following platform: "I presume you all know who I am; I am humble Abraham Lincoln. I have been solicited by many friends to become a candidate for the legislature. My politics are short and sweet, like the old woman's dance. I am in favor of a national bank; I am in favor of internal improvements, and a high protective tariff. These are my sentiments and political principles. If elected I shall be thankful; if not, it will be all the same." This was straight whig doctrine. Lincoln made a good canvass, but he was not elected. His next venture was as a partner in a dry goods and grocery store at New Salem, but the concern failed, the partner fled, and Lincoln was left to settle up a losing business, paying all he owed in 1849. Having no faculty for trade, he now began to read in law, studied hard, and made rapid progress. Then he suddenly studied surveying, and tried his hand with compass and chain. In May, 1833, he was appointed postmaster at New Salem-compensation, next to nothing. He was not able to hire a room, and was said to have "carried the post-office in his hat," as the mails came once a week. He held the position 3 years. In 1834 Lincoln's personal property was about to be sold by the sheriff to satisfy a judgment; but a new friend, Bolin Greene, bid in the property and gave it over to him. In 1834 he was again a candidate for the legislature, and was elected, running far ahead of his ticket. The party now had assumed the name of whig, and he soon became a whig leader. His first love episode was painfully sad. While boarding with James Rutledge, in New Salem, he became enamored of Ann, his landlord's daughter, a well-educated girl of 17, who had at the time another lover, who promised marriage, but did not keep his word. Lincoln and Ann Rutledge were betrothed in 1835, but the girl's health failed, and in August she died of brain fever. Her loss made Lincoln almost insane, and he raved piteously. "I can never bear to have snow, rain, and storm beat upon her grave," and "in her grave my heart lies buried," he cried out. It was at the time of her death that he took a liking to the poem by an English writer, the rev. Vicesimus Knox, commencing "Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be proud," lines that he was never weary of quoting; indeed, he repeated them so often that many people supposed him to be the author.

On taking his place in the legislature, Lincoln first saw Stephen A. Douglas, with no idea that he would be his competitor for the highest office in the nation. In 1836 Lincoln was again a candidate for the legislature on the following characteristic platform: "I go for all sharing the privilege of the government who assist in bearing its burdens. Consequently I go for admitting all whites to the rights of suffrage who pay taxes or bear arms, by no means excluding females." With the opposition candidate Lincoln stumped the district, as was then the custom, and by his vigorous speeches secured a whig victory, the first ever known in Sangamon county. Lincoln and Douglas were both chosen; but Douglas served only one session, and the next year was nominated for congress. In the presidential contest in 1836 Lincoln was for Hugh L. White of Tennessee, but the "hard cider" campaign of 1840 found him vociferous for Harrison and Tyler. With the struggle of Jackson against the U. S. bank and the shifting policy of Van Buren, Lincoln had no interest, attending diligently to his duties as a legislator, and beginning that antislavery record upon which so much of his fame will ever rest. The abolitionists were in the highest activity. George Thompson had just gone back to England after stirring up the small but enthusiastic party in this country; Garrison's Liberator was intensely annoying to the supporters of slavery; there was a great anti-abolitionist meeting in Boston; and president Jackson had, at the close of 1835, invited the attention of congress to the circulation through the mails of what were then called "inflammatory" documents. Henry Clay, Edward Everett, many of the governors of the northern states, and a large majority of the house of representatives strenuously opposed the agitation of the slavery question; all petitions on the subject were laid on the table without reading or debate, and all possible means were taken to prevent the discussion of the annoying subject. Illinois did not escape, though none of her citizens desired to establish or even uphold slavery. On the night of Nov. 7, 1837, the rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy was mobbed and shot dead at Alton for persisting in publishing an abolition newspaper. At this juncture, when the legislature was about to pass resolutions deprecating the antislavery agitation, Lincoln presented his protest, to which he could get but one signer besides himself, in which he declares slavery to be founded on injustice and bad policy; but that abolition agitation tends to increase its evils; that congress cannot interfere with slavery in the states, but might in the District of Columbia on the request of the people. This protest was meant to avoid extreme views, and so no mention was made of slavery in the territories, that point being covered by the Missouri compromise, which was then in full force. Lincoln was never extreme, and probably till the war began he saw no hour when he would have altered a word in this protest. When the state capital was removed to Springfield in 1839, Lincoln established himself there. He had been licensed as an attorney two years before, and being at the capital he could attend both to his duties as a member of the legislature and his legal practice. His business grew rapidly, and he took into partnership John T. Stuart, a prominent whig, who had been a kind friend in former years, Lincoln preferring to be the junior in the firm. Springfield was a poor village of about 1500 inhabitants; and Lincoln was poor, indeed much in debt. It is said that his friend Bill Butler fed and