month of February, 1787, to maintain the whole military force, required for the protection of the territories of the allies; in consideration of which engagement, the nabob Mohammed Ally agreed, among other conditions, and under certain penalties therein specified, to pay an annual subsidy, amounting to fifteen lacks of star pagodas.

According to the further stipulations of that engagement, rendered necessary by experience, for the mutual safety of the contracting parties, the English company, in the year 1790, charged itself with the administration of the civil government, in. addition to the military defence of the Carnatic, in a critical juncture of affairs, when the ambition, and implacable enmity of the late Tippoo Sultaun, compelled the British government in India to resort to arms for the support of its rights, and for the protection of its allies.

At the conclusion of the war, in the year 1792, (the successful and glorious termination of which tended, in the most direct manner, to secure the safety and prosperity of the possessions of his highness the nabob of the Carnatic,) the British government restored the civil government of the Carnatic to his highness, thereby manifesting the strictest adherence to the stipulations of the existing engagements of 1787 but the British government did not confine itself to the mere discharge of the stipulations of its existing engagements; its views were extended to an enlarged, and liberal consideration of the principles of the alliance subsisting between the Company and the nabobs of the Carnatic.

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At that period of time the nabob Mohammed Ally, relying on the friendly dis position of the British government, represented, in the most urgent manner, to the marquis Cornwallis, the inadequacy of his highness's resources to discharge the pecuniary engagements of the treaty of 1787; and the Governor-general, acting in conformity to the spirit of the alliance and friendship so long subsisting between the nabobs of the Carnatic, and the English company, relieved his highness from the burthensome terms of that engagement; thereby surrendering the pecuniary rights acquired by the Company, under the treaty of 1787, for the purpose of promoting the tranquillity, comfort, and interests of the nabob Mohammed Ally.

With this liberal view of the principles of the connection established between the British government, and the nabob of Arcot, an indulgent modification of the treaty of 1787 was framed, and by a subsequent treaty, bearing date in the month of July, 1792, the pecuniary contribution of his highness the nabob of the Carnatic, towards the general defence and protection of the rights and possessions of the allies, was diminished from fifteen to nine lacks of star pagodas. The spirit of moderation, by which the British councils were guided in respect to this alliance, was unequivocally manifested by a farther stipulation for the purpose of securing to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, the son and presumptive heir of the nabob Mohammed Ally, the succession to the territories of his father, on the terms and conditions of the treaty of 1792.

In return for this relinquishment of a considerable portion of its pecuniary reSources, the English company obtained no other advantages than an extended renewal of the territorial security, already provided by the treaty of 1787, for the peformance of the nabob Mohammed Ally's pecuniary engagements, and a repetition of his highness's previous obligation, not to contract alliances, nor to enter into correspondence, with any European, or native power, without the knowledge and concurrence of the British government. Conformably, therefore, to this indulgent modification of the treaty of 1787, the government of the Carnatic was restored to the nabob Mohammed Ally: on the death of his highness the nabob Mohammed Ally, in the year 1795, the nabob Omdat ul Omrah succeeded to the possession of his father's territories, according to the provisions of the treaty of 1792.

The nabob Mohamined Ally, as well as his son and successor, had repeatedly granted tuncaws, or assignments of revenue, on the districts pledged to the Company, in direct violation of the treaty of 1792, and to the manifest injury of the territorial security, provided by the Company for its interests in the Carnatic. The British government, however, continued to extend to their highnesses, the indulgent operation of the beneficial conditions of the treaty of 1792, by abstaining from the exercise of the just rights acquired against their highnesses, under the express Suppliment to VOL. III.-NO. V.

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stipulations of that engagement, and under the acknowledged interpretation of the law of nations.

Under these circumstances, the British government might justly have required from the house of Mohammed Ally, not merely the exact and rigid observation of the treaty of 1792, but a zealous and cordial attachment to the spirit of an engage ment, under which the nabobs of the Carnatic had found the most ample protection, accompanied by the most indulgent and liberal construction of every stipulation favourable to their separate interests, and by the most lenient relaxation of those penal articles, the obligation of which their highnesses had respectively incurred, by violating the article of the treaty of 1792, respecting the grant of tuncaws, or assignments of revenue, on the districts pledged to the Company.

It is with the deepest concern, that the governor in council is compelled to declare, that those ancient allies of the Company, the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, have heen found not only deficient in every active duty of the alliance, but unfaithful to its fundamental principles, and untrue to its vital spirit.

In the full enjoyment of the most abundant proofs of the moderation, indulgence, and good faith of the honourable Company, the nabob Mohammed Ally, and the nabob Omdat ul Omrah, actually commenced and maintained, a secret intercourse with Tippoo Sultaun, the determined enemy of the British name, founded on prin. ciples, and directed to objects utterly subversive of the alliance between the nabob of the Carnatic, and the Company; and equally incompatible with the security of the British power in the peninsula of India.

After the fall of Seringapatam, the British government obtained possession of the original records of Tippoo Sultaun: the correspondence of that prince's embassadors, during their residence at Fort St. George, in attendance on his sons, the hostage princes, in the years 1792 and 1793, established sufficient ground of apprehension, that their highnesses, the late nabob Mohammed Ally, and the late nabob Omdut ul Omrah, had entered into a secret intercourse with the late Tippoo Sultaun, of a nature hostile ile to the British interests in India. The enquiries of the British government have been since directed to ascertain a fact so intimately connected with the security of its interests in the Carnatic. The result has established the following propositions, by a series of connected written and oral testimony.

First. At the very period of time when the nabob Mohammed Ally appealed to the generosity of the British government, for an indulgent modification of the treaty of 1787, his highness had already commenced a secret negociation for the establishment of an intimate intercourse with the nabob Tippoo Sultaun, without the knowledge of the British government, and for purposes evidently repugnant to its security and honour.

Second. The nabob Omdat ul Omrah, (who was empowered by the nabob Mohammed Ally to negociate the treaty of 1792, with the British government, and who actually negociated that treaty for himself, and for his father) was actually employed at the same period of time, under his father's authority, in negociating for himself, and for his father, the terms of the said separate and secret intercourse with Tippoo Sultaun.

Third. The tendency of the said intercourse was directed to the support of Tippoo Sultaun, in victory and triumph over all his enemies."

Fourth. In the month of December, 1792, the Nabob Mohammed Ally imparted secret imformation to Tippoo Sultaun, regarding the sentiments and intentions of the British government in India, with relation to the hostile views and negociations of Tippoo Sultaun, with the courts of Poonah and Hyderabad, and on the first intelligence of the war between Great Britain and France, in the year 1793, the nabob Mohammed Ally imparted secret information to Tippoo Sultaun, respecting the views and power of France in India, and in Europe, and respecting the intended operations of the British forces, against the French possessions in the Carnatic. And the nabob Mohammed Ally conveyed to Tippoo Sultaun secret admonitions and friendly advice, respecting the most favourable season, and the most propitious state of circumstances, iolation of Tippoo Sultaun's engagements with the honourable Company. The nabob Omdut ul Omrah was employed by his father, as one of the convey secret intelligence, friendly admonition, and seasonable advice to ultaun, through the confidential agents of Tippoo Sultaun, who were fur

nished with instructions from the said Sultaun of Mysore, to receive such communica→ tions from the said nabob of the Carnatic, and from the nabob Omdut ul Omrah.

Sixth. A cypher was composed, and actually introduced into the separate and secret correspondence between the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Tippoo Sultaun. The originai key of the said cypher, discovered among the records of Seringapatam, is in the hand-writing of the confidential moonshee, (or secretary) of the nabob Mohammed Ally, and of the nabob Cmdut ul Omiah; and the said cypher was delivered, by a confidential agent of the nabob Omdut ul Onrah, to the ambassador of Tippoo Sultaun, for the express purpose of being transmitted to Tippoo Sultaun.

Seventh. The terms employed in the said cypher, particularly those intended to designate the British government, and its allies, the Nizam, and the Mahratta state, united in a defensive league against Tippoo Sultaun, contain the most powerful internal evidence that the communications proposed to be disguised by the said cypher were of the most hostile tendency to the interest and objects of the said alliance, and calculated to promote the cause of Tippoo Sultaun, in opposition to that of the said allies. Eighth. The nabob Omdut ul Omrah, under his own hand-writing, in the month of August, 1794, corroborated the evidence of his intention to complete the purposes herein described, of the secret intercourse, which he had negociated with Tippoo Sultaun, and the continuance of the same intention is manifested by a letter from the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, and from his confidential agent, addressed to the supposed agent of Tippoo Sultaun, in the year 1796, sul sequently to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah's accession to the government of the Carnatic, under the treaty of 1792.

Ninth. At the commencement, and during the progress of the late just, necessary, and glorious war with the late Tippoo Sultaun, the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, to the utmost extent of his means and power, pursued the objects of his secret intercourse with Tippoo Sultaun, by a systematic course of deception, with respect to the provision of the funds necessary to enable the British troops to march into Mysore, as well as by a systematic and active opposition to the supply and movement of the allied army, through different parts of the said Nabob's dominions.

Tenth. The stipulations contained in the fifteenth article of the treaty of 1787, and in the tenth article of the treaty of 1792, by which the Nabob of the Carnatic was bound not to enter into any political negociations or correspondence with ay European or native power or state, without the consent of the government of Fort St. George, or of the Company, formed a fundamental condition of the alliance between the said nabob and the Company; and the violation of the said stipulations necessarily involved the entire forfeiture, on the part of the nabob, of all the benefits of the said alliance.

Eleventh. The nabob Mohammed Ally, and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, have violated the sail stipulations; and have thereby forfeited all the benefits of the said alliance; and the nabob Mohammed Ally, and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, having violated the said stipulations, for the express purpose of establishing an union of interests with Tippoo Sultaun, thereby placed themselves in the condition of PUBLIC ENEMIES to the British government in India.

It is manifest, therefore, that the intentions of the nabobs Mohammed Ally, and Onidut ul Omrah, have been uniformly, and without interruption, hostile to the British power in India, and that those intentions have been carried into effect to the full cxtent of the actual power possessed by their highnesses, respectively, at the several periods of time in which they have acted, in pursuance of their system of cooperation with the enemy.

By acting on these principles of conduct, the nabobs Mohammed Ally, and Omdut ul Omrah, have not only violated the rights of the Company, but, by uniting their interests with those of the most implacable enemy of the British empire, the nabobs, Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omral, have actually placed themselves in the relation of public enemies to the British government, dangerous to the extent of their respective power, and active according to the means and opportunities afforded to them, by the circumstances of the moment, and especially by the most severe exigency and pressure of war. Every principle, therefore, of public law, release the British government from the intended obligations of the treaty of 1792; and every consideration of self-defence and security, authorise the Company to excitise

its power in the manner most expedient for the purpose of frustrating the hostile coun cils of the late nabob of the Carnatic, modelled upon the artful example, actuated by the faithless spirit, and sanctioned by the testamentary voice of his father.

In proceeding to exercise this right, it was painful to the British government to be compelled to expose to the world all these humiliating proofs of the ingratitude and treachery of the nabobs Mahommed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, towards that power, which has uniformly proved their guardian and protector; and in acting from the impression of this sentiment, the British government was more desirous of consulting its own dignity, than of admitting any claims on the part of those infatuated princes to its generosity and forbearance.

In conformity to this spirit of temperance and moderation, it was the intention of the British government to have made a formal communication to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, of the proofs which had been obtained of his highness's breach of the alliance, with the view of obtaining, by the most lenient means, satisfaction for the injury sustained by the British government, and security against the future operation of the hostile councils of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah."

Circumstances of expediency, connected with the general interests and policy of the British government, interrupted the communication of this document to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, the intermediate illness of his highness protracted the execution of that intention, and his subsequent death frustrated the wish of the British government to obtain from that prince satisfactory security for the rights pledged to the Company in the Carnatic.

The death of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah has not affected the rights acquired by the British government under the discovery of his breach of the alliance. Whatever claim the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah may be supposed to possess to the Company's support of his pretensions to the government of the Carnatic, on the death of his highness, is founded on the ground of the rights of Omdut ul Omrah himself: the right of Omdut ul Omrah to the assistance of the Company, in securing his succession to the nabob Mohammed Ally in the government of the Carnatic, was founded on the express stipulations of the treaty of 1792. The result of the propositions stated in this declaration has established abundant proof, that the fundamental principles of the alliance between the Company and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, as well as the express letter of the treaty of 1792, had been absolutely violated and rendered of no effect by the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, previously to the ostensible conclusion of that instrument. It is manifest, therefore, that the nabob Omdut ul Omrah could derive no rights from the formal ratification of that treaty, the vital spirit of which had already been annihilated by the hostile and faithless conduct of his highness; and, that the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, by forming an intimate union of interests with Tippoo Sultaun, had actually. placed themselves in the relation of public enemies to the British empire in India.

Whatever claim to the Company's protection and support the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah may derive from his supposed father, had been utterly destroyed by the hostile conduct of Omdut ul Omrah; it follows, therefore, that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah has succeeded to the condition of his father, which condition was that of a public enemy; and, consequently, that at the death of Omdut ul Omrah, the British government remained at liberty to exercise its rights, founded on the faithless. policy of its ally, in whatever manner might be deemed most conducive to the iminediate safety, and to the general interests of the Company in the Carnatic.

Before the British government proceeded to exercise this right, founded on the viola tion of the alliance, and on the necessity of self-defence, it was desirous of manifest ing its attention to the long-established connection between the Company and the house of Omdut ul Omrah, by sacrificing to the sentiments of national magnanimity and generosity, the resentment created by his highness's flagrant breach of the alliance. In the spirit of those councils, therefore, with which it had been the intention of the British government to demand satisfaction and security from the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, and to avoid the publication of facts so humiliating to the family of that prince, the British government communicated to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrala knowledge of the proofs now existing in the possession of the government at Fort St, George, of the violation of the alliance; at the same time the British government

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manifested a consistent adherence to the principles of moderation and forbearance, by opening a latitude to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah to afford, by means of an amicable adjustment, that satisfaction and security, which the hostile and faithless conduct of his supposed father had enütled the British government to demand, and which the dictates of prudence and self-aefence compelled it to require.

The reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah, by and with the advice of the persons appointed by his father's will to assist his councils, has persisted in opposing a determined resistance to this demand, thereby exhibiting an unequivocal proof, that the spirit which actuated the hostile councils of the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, has been transmitted with unabated vigour to the supposed son of Omdut ul Omrah, secured in its operation under he sanctimonious forms of their testamentary injunctions, and preserved with religions attachment by the ostensible descendant of that prince.

Frustrated in the hope of obtaining from the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, reparation for its injuries, and security for its rights, the British government is now reluctantly compelled to publish to the world the proofs of this flagrant violation of the most sacred ties of amity and alliance, by the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, and the hereditary spirit of enmity manifested by the reputed son of Onidut ul Omrah to the interests of the British government. The duty and necessity of self-defence require the British government, under the circumstances of this case, to exercise its power in the attainment of an adequate security for its rights; justice and moderation warrant, that the family of Omdut ul Omrah shall be deprived of the means of completing its systematic course of hostility; wisdom and prudence demand that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah shall not be permitted to retain possession of resources, dangerous to the tranquillity of the British government in the peninsula of India.

Wherefore the British government, still adhering to the principles of moderation, and actuated by its uniform desire of obtaining security for its rights and interests in the Carnatic, by an arrangement founded on the principles of the long-subsisting affiance between the Company and the family of the nabob Mohammed Ally, judged it expedient to enter into a negociation for that purpose with the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Bebauder, the son and heir of Azeem ul Omrah, who was the second son of the nabob Mohammed Ally, and the immediate great grandson, by both his parents, of the nabob Anwer ud Deen Khan of blessed memory. And his highness the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder having entered into engagements for the express purpose of reviving the alliance between the Company and his illustrious ancestors, and of establishing an adequate security for the British interests in the Carnatic, the British government has now resolved to exercise its rights and its power, under Providence, in supporting and establishing the hereditary pretensions of the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder, in the soubahdarry of the territories of Arcot, and of the Carnatic Payen Ghaut.

And for the more full explanation of the grounds and motives of this declaration, the right honorable the governor in council, by and with the authority of his excellency the most noble the governor-general in council, has caused attested copies and extracts of several documents * discovered at Seringapatam, to be annexed hereanto, together with an extract from the treaty of 1787 and 1792. By order of the right honourable the governor in council,

Fort St. George,

31st July, 1801.

(Signed)
(a true copy)
(Signed)

J. WEBBE, Chief Sec. to Gov.

STATE PAPERS.

ARMISTICE BETWEEN FRANCE AND RUSSIA.

Whereas his majesty the emperor of the French, and his majesty the emperor of Russia, are desirous to put an end to the war which disunites the two nations, and in the mean time to conclude an armistice; they have therefore nominated, and provided

* Vide Asiatic Annual Register, for these documents.