its power in the manner most expedient for the purpose of frustrating the hostile coun cils of the late nabob of the Carnatic, modelled upon the artful example, actuated by the faithless spirit, and sanctioned by the testamentary voice of his father.

In proceeding to exercise this right, it was painful to the British government to be compelled to expose to the world all these humiliating proofs of the ingratitude and treachery of the nabobs Mahommed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, towards that power, which has uniformly proved their guardian and protector; and in acting from the impression of this sentiment, the British government was more desirous of consulting its own dignity, than of admitting any claims on the part of those infatuated princes to its generosity and forbearance.

In conformity to this spirit of temperance and moderation, it was the intention of the British government to have made a formal communication to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, of the proofs which had been obtained of his highness's breach of the alliance, with the view of obtaining, by the most lenient means, satisfaction for the injury sustained by the British government, and security against the future operation of the hostile councils of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah.

Circumstances of expediency, connected with the general interests and policy of the British government, interrupted the communication of this document to the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, the intermediate illness of his highness protracted the execution of that intention, and his subsequent death frustrated the wish of the British government to obtain from that prince satisfactory security for the rights pledged to the Company in the Carnatic.

The death of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah has not affected the rights acquired by the British government under the discovery of his breach of the alliance. Whatever claim the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah may be supposed to possess to the Company's support of his pretensions to the government of the Carnatic, on the death of his highness, is founded on the ground of the rights of Omdut ul Omrah himself: the right of Omdut ul Omrah to the assistance of the Company, in securing his succession to the nabob Mohammed Ally in the government of the Carnatic, was founded on the express stipulations of the treaty of 1792. The result of the propositions stated in this declaration has established abundant proof, that the fundamental principles of the alliance between the Company and the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, as well as the express letter of the treaty of 1792, had been absolutely violated and rendered of no effect by the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, previously to the ostensible conclusion of that instrument. It is manifest, therefore, that the nabob Omdut ul Omrah could derive no rights from the formal ratification of that treaty, the vital spirit of which had already been annihilated by the hostile and faithless conduct of his highness; and, that the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, by forming an intimate union of interests with Tippoo Sultaun, had actually. placed themselves in the relation of public enemies to the British empire in India. Whatever claim to the Company's protection and support the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah may derive from his supposed father, had been utterly destroyed by the hostile conduct of Omdut ul Omrah; it follows, therefore, that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah has succeeded to the condition of his father, which condition was that of a public enemy; and, consequently, that at the death of Omdut ul Omrah, the British government remained at liberty to exercise its rights, founded on the faithless policy of its ally, in whatever manner might be deemed most conducive to the inediate safety, and to the general interests of the Company in the Carnatic. Before the British government proceeded to exercise this right, founded on the viola. tion of the alliance, and on the necessity of self-defence, it was desirous of manifest ing its attention to the long-established connection between the Company and the house of Omdut ul Omrah, by sacrificing to the sentiments of national magnanimity and generosity, the resentment created by his highness's flagrant breach of the alliance. In the spirit of those councils, therefore, with which it had been the intention of the British government to demand satisfaction and security from the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, and to avoid the publication of facts so humiliating to the family of that prince, the British government communicated to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrala knowledge of the proofs now existing in the possession of the government at Fort St, George, of the violation of the alliance; at the same time the British government

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manifested a consistent adherence to the principles of moderation and forbearance, by opening a latitude to the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah to afford, by means of an amicable adjustment, that satisfaction and security, which the hostile and faithless conduct of his supposed father had enatled the British government to demand, and which the dictates of prudence and self-aefence compelled it to require.

The reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah, by and with the advice of the persons appointed by his father's will to assist his councils, has persisted in opposing a determined resistance to this demand, thereby exhibiting an unequivocal proof, that the spirit which actuated the hostile councils of the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, has been transmitted with unabated vigour to the supposed son of Omdut ul Omrah, secured in its operation under he sanctimonious forms of their testamentary injunctions, and preserved with religions attachment by the ostensible descendant of that prince.

Frustrated in the hope of obtaining from the reputed son of the nabob Omdut ul Omrah, reparation for its injuries, and security for its rights, the British government is now reluctantly compelled to publish to the world the proofs of this flagrant violation of the most sacred ties of amity and alliance, by the nabobs Mohammed Ally and Omdut ul Omrah, and the hereditary spirit of enmity manifested by the reputed son of Omidut ul Omrah to the interests of the British government. The duty and necessity of self-defence require the British government, under the circumstances of this case, to exercise its power in the attainment of an adequate security for its rights; justice and moderation warrant, that the family of Omdut ul Omrah shall be deprived of the means of completing its systematic course of hostility; wisdom and prudence demand that the reputed son of Omdut ul Omrah shall not be permitted to retain possession of resources, dangerous to the tranquillity of the British government in the peninsula of India.

Wherefore the British government, still adhering to the principles of moderation, and actuated by its uniform desire of obtaining security for its rights and interests in the Carnatic, by an arrangement founded on the principles of the long-subsisting alliance between the Company and the family of the nabob Mohammed Ally, judged it expedient to enter into a negociation for that purpose with the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Bebauder, the son and heir of Azeem ul Omrah, who was the second son of the nabob Mohammed Ally, and the immediate great grandson, by both his parents, of the nabob Anwer ud Deen Khan of blessed memory. And his highness the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder having entered into engagements for the express purpose of reviving the alliance between the Company and his illustrious ancestors, and of establishing an adequate security for the British interests in the Carnatic, the British government has now resolved to exercise its rights and its power, under Providence, in supporting and establishing the hereditary pretensions of the prince Azeem ul Dowlah Behauder, in the soubahdarry of the territories of Arcot, and of the Carnatic Payen Ghaut.

And for the more full explanation of the grounds and motives of this declaration, the right honorable the governor in council, by and with the authority of his excellency the most noble the governor-general in council, has caused attested copies and extracts of several documents * discovered at Seringapatam, to be annexed hereunto, together with an extract from the treaty of 1787 and 1792. By order of the right Honourable the governor in council,

J. WEBBE, Chief Sec. to Gov.

N. B. EDMONSTONE,
Persian Sec. to Goy

ARMISTICE BETWEEN FRANCE AND RUSSIA.

Whereas his majesty the emperor of the French, and his majesty the emperor of Russia, are desirous to put an end to the war which disunites the two nations, and in the mean time to conclude an armistice; they have therefore nominated, and provided

*Vide Asiatic Annual Register, for these documents.

with full powers, viz. on the one side, the prince of Neufchatel,. marshal of the empire, and major general of the grand army; and, on the other side, lieutenant general pruce Labanoff Von Rostrow, knight of the order of St. Anne, Grand Cross, &c. who have agreed upon the following articles :

Art. I. An armistice shall take place between the French and Russian armies, to afford time, during the interim, for negociating, concluding, and signing a treaty of peace, that shall put an end to the effusion of blood, which is so contrary to humanity. II. If either of the two contracting parties should be disposed, which God forbid! to break off the armistice, they engage to notify the same at the head-quarters of the other army, and hostilities shall not re-commence in less than one month from the date of the notification.

III. The French and Prussian armies shall conclude a separate armistice, and for this purpose officers shall be nominated on both sides. During the four or five days necessary for the conclusion of the said amnistice, the French army shall commit no hostilities against the Prussians.

IV. The line of demarcation between the French and Russian armies, during the armistice, shall be from the Curisch Haaf, the stream of the river Niemen, and along the left bank of the said river to the mouth of the Lossasna, at Schaine; thence along this river to the source of the Bohra; thence following that stream through Bogari, Lipsk, Stabin, Dolistowo, Goniadz, and Wisna, to the confluence of the Bohra with the Narew; thence along the left bank of the Narew through Tykocksyn, Surask Narew, to the frontiers of Prussia and Russia. The boundary on the Curisch Nehrung shall be at Nidden.

V. His majesty the emperor of the French, and his majesty the emperor of Russia, shall, with the least possible delay, appoint Plenipotentiaries, provided with the necessary full powers to negociate, conclude, and sign a definitive peace between these two great and powerful nations.

VI. Commissaries shall be appointed on both sides to take measures forthwith for an exchange of prisoners, on the basis of man for man, and rank for rank. VII. The exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty shall take place in 48 hours, or earlier if possible, at the head-quarters of the Russian army.

The prince of NEUTCHATEL, Done at Tilsit, 21st June, 1807. Marshal ALEXANDER BERTHER.. LABANOFF VONROSTROW.

Ratified. Tilsit, 22d June 1807. NAPOLEON.

By the emperor.-Secretary and minister of state. MARET. I hereby ratify the whole of the contents of the treaty of armistice concluded between the marshal, prince of Neufchatel, and lieutenant-general prince Labanoff Von Rostrow,

Teurogan, 11th (23) June, 1807.

A true copy.

ALEXANDER. Major-general marshal A. BERTHER, Prince of Neufchatel.

PROCLAMATION OF BUONAPARTE TO THE GRAND ARMY. Soldiers, on the 5th June we were attacked in our cantonments by the Russian army. The enemy mistook the causes of our inactivity. He found too late that our repose was that of the lion-he regrets having disturbed it.

In the affairs of Guttstadt, Heilsberg and the ever-memorable one of Friedland, in a 10 days campaign in short, we took 120 pieces of cannon, 7 standards, killed, wounded, or took 60,000 Russians, carried off all the enemy's magazines and hospitals-Koningsberg, the 300 vessels that were there laden with all sorts of ammu nition, 160,000 fusils sent by England to arm our enemies.

From the banks of the Vistula we have reached the borders of the Niemen with the rapidity of the eagle. You celebrated at Austerlitz the anniversary of the coronation you celebrated this year in an appropriate manner, the battle of Marengo, which put a period to the second coalition.

You will return to

Frenchmen, 15 you have been worthy of yourselves and of me. France covered with laurels, and after having obtained a glorious peace, which carries with it the guarantee of its duration. It is time that our country should live at

rest, secure from the malignant influence of England. My benefits shall prove to you my gratitude, and the full extent of the love I bear you.

At the imperial camp at Tilsit, June 22.

FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE, SATURDAY, JULY 18. DOWNING-STREET, July 17, 1807.-Dispatches, of which the following are copies and extracts, addressed to the Right Hon. Wm. Windham, have been received by Viscount Castlereagh, one of his majesty's principal secretaries of state, from major general Alexander M'Kenzie Frazer, commanding his majesty's troops in Egypt; and from brigadier sir S. Auchmuty, commanding in South America.

Extract of a letter from major-general Alex. M'Kenzie Fraser, to Mr. secretary
Windham, dated Alexandria, May 1, 1807.

Sir, I have now the honour to enclose you, herewith, two dispatches from brigadier-general Stewart, commanding the troops before Rosetta; and as he has been so very circumstantial, I scarcely need say any thing further, than that I feel assured, however unsuccessful we have been, no blame can possibly attach to the brave officers and men employed on this service.

Brigadier-general Stewart, though wounded the very day of his arrival before the place, never quitted his post, but continued in the command till the last moment, with his usual activity and perseverance.

I feel it but justice also to add my fullest testimony to the active zeal and co-operation of rear-admiral sir Thomas Louis, and the officers, seamen, and marines of the squadron under his command, without whose indefatigable exertions the most arduous part of the service could not have been carried on.

To captain Hallowell, who accompanied this expedition, as he did the former one, I cannot sufficiently express my obligations. Whatever success we have had since our operations commenced in this country, has been materially owing to his local information and active zeal; and I am well convinced, that in our late reverses, our losses and misfortunes were materially lessened by his gallant and zealous co-operation. Rosetta Lines, April 18.

SIR, I have the honour of stating, that on the 3d instant, I marched with the division of infantry under my command, from the eastern heights of Alexandria to the wells of Aboukir; the cavalry, artillery, and engineers' stores had been previously forwarded to the caravansera. This post had been retained with much spirit by a detachment of the marines, after the retreat of the army under lieutenant-colonel Bruce, and was of essential value to our present operations.

The greatest part of the 4th instant was employed in passing the infantry and camels to the caravansera, in landing guns and ammunition, and in substituting the latter, and intrenching tools, for camp equipage.

A body of two hundred seamen, under lieutenant Robinson, were added to the army. Captain Hallowell kindly offered to accompany me; he has since continued with the army, and I cannot sufficiently express how infinitely obliged every department has been by his active co-operation.

The village of Edko was understood to be favourable to us. A more certain supply of water, and a less precarious communication with our fleet, offered themselves by the lake than by the northern shore. To advance upon Rosetta, by the route of Edko, was preferred to that of Marabant. Lieutenant-colonel M'Leod, to whom I entrusted the advance of the army, consisting of the light infantry battalion, three companies of the 78th regiment, two six-pounders, and a detachment of dragoons, moved forward towards Edko on the evening of the 4th; he took a strong position behind that village early dext morning, On the 5th, the army advanced to the same position; captain Nicholls, of the marines, was left in command at the caravansera, with a detachment of forty rank and file.

In consequence of information of the enemy being established in force at the village of Hamet, it was adviseable to occupy that post, on our advance to Aboumandour; our rear, would by this measure be secured, during operations against Rosetta, and an uninterrupted communication be established with the depôt at the lake Edko. Lieutenant-colone! M'Leod accordingly advanced upon Hamet on the 6th instant; he met with some of the enemy's cavalry about a league from that village, whom he caused

to retire after a slight skirmish; being reinforced by the grenadiers of the 35th regiment and de Rolle's, he pushed forward, and occupied the post without opposition. The enemy retired across the hill, with the loss of one or two horsemen; the main army followed, and halted all the night in the plain, the 78th regiment forming the advanced line. Early on the 7th lieutenant-colonel M'Leod's division was relieved in the post of El Hamet by a detachment of two hundred and seventy-six rank and file of De Rolle's regiment, under the command of major Vogelsang; it then marched across the plain, to the height of Aboumandour; possession was taken of this important post without opposition. The main army arrived at the sand hills which encirele Rosetta, about mid-day, and lost no time in investing the place. The corps advanced in succession from Aboumandour, and drove the enemy every where into the town, in an animated manner. Our line lodged itself behind the sand hills, within balf a musket shot of the walls.

From the great extent of the town, it was found impossible that our small army could invest more than one half; an attack which the enemy made on us in the afternoon shewed the inadequacy of our means to attack a larger proportion. A line was accordingly taken up from the Nile to the front of the Alexandrian gate, thence re tiring towards the plain where our dragoons were posted. A mortar and some guns were brought into play early in the afternoon: these were answered by the shouts of Albanians from their walls, and by incessant discharges of musketry through the loop-holes and crevices, which were innumerable,

In conformity with your instructions, Captain Hallowell and I, sent, on the 8th instant, a summons, and favourable terms to the civil and to the military governor, accompanied by an address to the inhabitants. We were requested by the former, in their answer, to await their receiving instructions from Cairo, for which purpose a temporary suspension of hostilities was proposed. It not being expedient to accede to this, we continued to batter the town; and by the 10th, had two mortars, two twelve-pounders, a howitzer, and six six-pounders, in play; on the 12th, a work for five six-pounders and thirty-two-pound carronades was completed, immediately opposite to the Alexandrian gate.

Skirmishes on our left were, in the mean time, frequent, the cavalry having room there to act. On the 10th a more general demonstration was made, with the object of drawing us within the fire from their walls; on this occasion the dragoons and the 78th regiment repulsed them with much spirit on the left, while a rapid advance of the light infantry on the right again compelled them to retire within the town.

The summons was repeated to the Albanian chiefs on the 12th; with the nature of their answer you are acquainted. Our flag of truce was thrice fired at; and it was only by means of a great reward that a common Arab could be induced to be the bearer of any communication with such enemies. Having been informed by you of the co-operation which was likely to exist between us and the mameluke beys, I availed myself of this in our message to the enemy; he seemed, however, to be in different to it. Of either message or letter I have heard no more, and have reason to apprehend, that the unfortunate Arab has been beheaded.

Symptoms of attack appearing against El Hamet, I detached another gun to that part, and reinforced the detachment there to 300 men.

From the 12th to the 18th nothing extraordinary occurred. Relying on the ap proach of the mamelukes, every exertion was continued in getting up stores, ammuni tion, and provisions, from the depôt on the lake. This service was attended with considerable fatigue, the route being, for a space of nearly seven miles, over deep sands. In the execution of the service on the lake, I cannot sufficiently express the merit of lieutenant Tilly, of the Tigre, who had charge of this department; he was indefatigable, and without his uncommon exertions, on the muddy shore of a shallow lake, it would have been impossible for our army to have so long maintained its posi

tion before Rosetta.

On the 15th, the enemy gave our right flank considerable annoyance, by two guns in separate batteries, on the opposite bank of the river. Of these it was necessary to dispossess them. Major M'Donald, 78th regiment, was detached across the river, in front of Aboumandour mosque, before day-light on the 16th, with 250 men; lieut. Robinson, of the Tigre, accompanied the major with 40 seamen, whose services