navigation of eight principal rivers or streams, and among these the Loire and Charente, have been improved. Four bridges have been finished during the last recess, or will shortly be finished. The building of ten others is actively going forward; among which are those of Bouanne and Tours. Ten canals, almost all of them commenced under the present government, are worked at without intermission. Of that of the Ourq, about three-fourths are completed. The two cuts from that of Saint Quintin, which unite the Seine with the Scheldt, and Paris with Holland, are completed, and will be navigable in eighteen months. The sea-ports are also restored. Antwerp recovers its ancient celebrity, and will form the centre of the marine service. For the first time, that part of the Scheldt has seen upon its stream vessels of 74 and 80 guns. Fourteen ships are on the stocks at Antwerp. Flushing, having been enlarged, is now capable of containing a squadron. At Dunkirk, the Western Jetty has been rebuilt. At Cherburgh, the two moles have been raised; and the battery Napoleon, placed in the sea, defends the harbour, both against the waves and the foe. At Rochefort, a scientific apparatus has been erected, by which vessels of all rates may be taken in or out at any time of tide. Agriculture has also constantly occupied the attention of government. The national sheep-folds preserve their breeds in the highest purity. The shepherds will be instructed in the art of managing their flocks. The restoration of the breed of horses is in forwardness. Twelve depots of stallions are already formed, consisting of nine hundred of the finest animals. The breeding of black cattle is placed under regulations in a great number of the departments, and the veterinary schools are in a flourishing state. A commercial code is digesting, with the view of combining what is good in the regulations of the old ordonnances with existing customs, of protecting credit, and preventing the disgrace of bankruptcy. Our cotton-spinning establishments have, within the last twenty months, recovered from their inactivity; and the decree of the 22d of February having reanimated them, they now furnish our manufactories with those materials which we procured from abroad. It is the desire of the emperor, that the capital, become the metropolis of the world, should correspond with its destination. The bridge of Austerlitz is completed; that of Jena is began. In the Place de Vendome will be erected the column of the grand army; in the Place des Victoires, the monument of Dessaix; and the statute of Haultpoult will decorate the Place des Vosges. The palace of the legislative body will be adorned with a collonade; opposite will be erected the temple of victory; and in the mid-way will be reared the sovereign's palace; so that the throne will occupy a central position between justice and glory. The works at Saint Genevieve are going forward; those at Saint Denis are nearly finished. The tomb of Dessaix is erected on the Alps, between France and Italy, where it demonstrates to the two countries the honour conferred by their common deliverer on his comrade and friend, who died amidst those victories which determined the fate of both nations. The French school is occupied in representing, in marble or on canvas, the most renowned events of the present reign. The war has retarded the institution of a general school; but the emperor will still accomplish the project. Several colleges have been established in the course of the year, to the number of 35. They contain 18,000 scholars. Of these, 3700 owe their education, in whole, or in part, to the national bounty. Twelve schools of jurisprudence are opened, and 12,000 students occupy them at present. The labours of the meridian circle of Barcelona and of Baleares are renewed, and will be continued this winter. The observatory of the Pantheon is restored, and that of Turin is again devoted to astronomy. The emperor desires, that the sciences may have a part in the amazing improvements which have been communicated, like an electric shock, to every thing great and interesting. He desires that the French language, now become that of Europe, shall continue to support that noble privilege, by its beauty, its purity, and the interest of its productions. He desires that the public sentiments shall encourage the developement of talents, and preserve the latter against calumny and malignity; and that in future there shall be no sects among the learned; that there shall no longer be any political parties in the state; that learning and morality, and good taste, shall be in unison, and that these only shall form the basis of their prosperity and improvement. He wishes that criticism should maintain respect for decency, in order to be useful; and that men who are called to the sublime office of enlightening

1

and improving the community, should despise idle flattery. The government cannot but be contented with the members of the church in general. The same purity of morals, toleration, disinterestedness, and zeal, distinguish all ranks, and evince the devotion of all. The Jews, who now bear the name of Frenchmen, in consequence of the gracious dispositions of his majesty in their favour, have become worthy of that name. Such is the exposition of the improvements, which have been brought to perfection in the interiour, since the last sitting. Several other branches of the government have been advanced, and are now in a situation the most advantageous. France, among all the states of Europe, is the only one without paper money. Its commerce, interrupted by unavoidable circumstances, preserves the hope of renovation in the seeds that remains. The arms of France have been carried to the farthest extremities of Europe; its influence extended beyond the Bosphorus, and into the centre of the continent of Asia: the most complete order prevails in our interiour, England alone remaining overwhelmed with the burden of the war, and the hatred of nations: these are the effects of one year, and the encouraging prospect of that which is to follow."

M. Fontanes answered, "that the statement which was laid before the legislative body was made up from the exploits of a prince who was a lover of peace: that if the emperor, 500 miles from his capital, had effected so much in favour of his people, and the glory of the arts, what would he not have performed in the bosom of peace, and in the midst of his capital? The improvements that have been introduced into the various branches of the internal government, prove that the irresistible power which overturns empires, and establishes thrones, is still far inferior to that wisdom which has established morality upon the immoveable basis of the law." At the court at the queen's palace, the 2d of September. Present, the king's most excellent majesty in council.

It is this day ordered by his majesty, by and with the advice of his privy Council, that no ships or vessels belonging to any of his majesty's subjects, be permitted to enter and clear out for any of the ports within the dominions of the king of Denmark, until further order; and his majesty is further pleased to order, that a general embargo, or stop, be made of all ships and vessels whatsoever belonging to the subjects of the king of Denmark now within, or which shall hereafter come into any of the ports, harbours, or roads, within any part of his majesty's dominions, together with all persons and effects on board all such ships or vessels; and that the commanders of his majesty's ships of war and privateers do detain and bring into port all ships and vessels belonging to the subjects of the king of Denmark, or bearing the flag of the king of Denmark; but that the utmost care be taken for the preservation of all and every part of the cargoes on board any of the said ships or vessels, so that no damage or embezzlement whatever be sustained; and the commanders of his majesty's ships of war and privateers are hereby instructed to detain and bring into port every such ship and vessel accordingly; and the right honourable the lords commissioners of his majesty's treasury, the lords commissioners of the admiralty, and the lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, are to give the necessary directions herein as to them may respectively appertain.

W. FAWKENER.

Foreign Office, September 2.-M. Adlerberg, his Swedish majesty's envoy extraordinary, and minister plenipotentiary at this court, this day delivered to the right honourable George Canning, his majesty's principal secretary of state for foreign affairs, a note, announcing the blockade of the rivers Peene and Oder, and all the ports of Swedish Pomerania, by the naval forces of his Swedish majesty.

Downing Street, September 4.-Dispatches, of which the following are copies and extracts, have been received by the viscount Castlereagh, one of his majesty's principal secretaries of state, from admiral Gambier, and lieutenant-general the right Honourable lord Cathcart, K. T. the commanders of his majesty's naval and military forces in the Baltic sea.

Prince of Wales, in the Sound, off Wibeck, August 16.-My lord, I have the honour to inform your lordship, that lieutenant-general lord Cathcart joined me, off Elsineur, on the 12th instant. Every disposition being made for the disembarkation

of the army, this service was intended to be carried into execution on the morning of the 14th, but the wind not allowing the transports to move towards Copenhagen, it was not till last evening that I arrived off Wibeck, a village situated about midway between Elsineur and Copenhagen, and at this place the army was disembarked, this morning, without the smallest opposition. I have the honour to transmit herewith a copy of the proclamation which lieutenant-general lord Cathcart, and myself, have determined to issue on this occasion. I have the honour to be, &c. Viscount Castlereagh, &c. &c. &c.

--

(Signed)

J. GAMBIER, [Here follows the proclamation as inserted in our last number.] Extract of a letter from lieutenant-general lord Cathcart to lord Castlereagh, dated head-quarters at Hellerup, before Copenhagen, August 22.

I have enclosed a journal of the operations of the army from the 14th, in the morning, together with a return of the casualties which have occurred, except those of the cavalry, which are not considerable, but have not been transmitted.

Head-quarters, Hellerup, before Copenhagen, 22d August. Journal of the army under the command of lieutenant-general lord Cathcart, from the morning of the 14th August.

The

August 14th.---The fleet between Elsineur and Helsingberg-calms and contrary winds.---Transports assembled by brigades, each under the charge of one of his majesty's ships. 15th.---The fleet worked up to Vedbeck, the reserve anchoring nearest the shore, covered by the Surveillante, and by several gun-brigs and bombs. Major-general Spencer's brigade, under convoy of admiral Essington, with a division of the fleet, anchored higher up the Sound to make a diversion. Coast reconnoitered, and disposition made for landing. 16th.---The reserve landed at five in the morning, with the ordnance of a light brigade, and occupied the heights. The remainder of the infantry followed with the ordnance of another light brigade. A squadron of the first light dragoons, horses for the two brigades of artillery, and for the staff, were also disembarked. A flag of truce was received from major-general Pyeman, commander in chief in Copenhagen, requesting passports for their highnesses the two princesses of Denmark, nieces to his Danish majesty, to go from Copenhagen to Colding, which were granted. In the evening, the army marched by their left in three columns, by Nerun to Lyngbyl; the centre by Hermitage and Fortuna to Jagersborg, the left by the coast to Charlottenberg, and lay upon their arms. 17.---At day-break the army marched by their right in three columns to invest the town. The left column established a post at Bagerne's Hill, and extended from Freborg to Emdrup. That from Jagersborg by Gladsacks and Vanloes to Fredericksberg, extending to the sea on the right, and towards Falconergard on their left. reserve from Lyngbyl marched by Bangede and Emdrup, and occupied the space between the two other divisions. Two brigades of the king's German legion remaining at Charlottenfurd to cover the disembarkation of the cavalry and park of artillery. Major-general Spencer's brigade landed at Skoreshard, and marched into their post on the left of the line. All the divisions giving piquets to the rear to prevent surprise from the country. Head-quarters established at Hellerup. Transports assembled at Skoreshard, where the cavalry commenced disembarking. Princesses of Denmark came out of the city on their route to Colding, and were received with the honours due to their rank by the brigade of guards, near the palace of Fredericksberg. The piquets of the left, towards the town, were attacked about noon; at the same time the enemy's gun-boats rowed out of the harbour, and cannonaded the left of the line with grape and round shot. The piquets drove in and pursued the enemy, and resumed their posts, part of their line having advanced to sustain them. His majesty's gun-brigs and bombs having been rowed as near the harbour as they could, opened a fire at a considerable distance from the enemy's gun-boats, which, after a long cannonade, retired into the harbour. 18.---At day-break the gun-boats renewed the attack upon the gun-brigs, trusting to the superior weight of their guns. The latter having, during the night, exchanged their carronades for eighteen-pounders, the gun-boats retired, but advanced again with increased numbers. A brigade of nine-pounders, from the park, having been brought to the mill, took them in flank, upon which they turned their fire to the lines, and after cannonading for some time, were driven in,

together with their field-pieces, which advanced upon the road. Engineer tools, &c. &c. having been disembarked, a work was begun at the mill, and considerable progress was made.---The same day the cavalry moved to their quarters at Charlottenberg, Jagersborg, and Vanloes, with piquets in the country, and a chain of posts, supported by the first battalion of the king's German legion from Lorgenfree and Kohekolle, under the direction of brigadier-general V. D. Decken. 19---.The works carried on by parties of 600 men, relieved every four hours, The gun-boats attacked at day-break, but were driven off by the field-pieces which were now protected. Some of the pipes were discovered which convey fresh water to the town from Emdrup. The frigates and gun-brigs having a favourable breeze, took their stations near the entrance of the harbour, within reach of throwing shells into the town. Four twenty-four pounders were brought into the battery at the mill. Great progress was made in the work at that place, and in a howitzer battery in the rear of it, with traverses and cover for the men. Brigadier-general Decken, surprised and took the post of Fredericks work, commanded by a major, aide-de-camp to the crown prince, who capitulated with 850 men and officers, with a foundery and depot of cannon and powder. The king's household, with part of his Danish majesty's wardrobe, plate, wine, and books, were suffered to come out of the town to follow his majesty, (who has withdrawn to Colding) passports having been requested. Some gentlemen residing in the district of Copenhagen, and in the bailiwicks towards Elsineur, having offered their services to accept the office of magistrates and superintendants of police in their respective districts, under the commander of the forces, an order was made for that purpose, and sent to be printed and published, and a commission was given, in reference to a proclamation printed and published in German and Danish, on the day of disembarkation. 20th.---Farther progress made in the works. More ordnance landed and mounted. A patrole on the left having reported that a body of cavalry, with a corps of infantry in their rear, had been seen in front of Roeskilde, colonel Roden sent a squadron to reconnoitre them, which found them assembled near that place, and immediately charged and put them to flight, leaving sixteen or eighteen men killed, and taking three prisoners and twenty-nine horses. The dragoons pursued the enemy to the gates of Roeskilde, where they were received by a heavy fire of infantry, and returned to their quarters. The admiral came to head-quarters in the morning, and returned to his ship. 21st.---Lord Rosslyn's corps disembarked in the north part of Keoge Bay, with two batteries of artillery, sending round the remaining transports to Schoreshard. A strong patrole of cavalry and infantry was sent to cover his landing. Progress made in cutting off the water. Further arrangements made with gentlemen of the country. Passport granted to prince Frederic Ferdinand of Denmark and his preceptor. Notice given that no more passports can be granted; at the same time a recommendation urged to the commanding general to consider the dreadful consequences of making a capital city of such extent stand a siege and bombardment like an ordinary fortress. Great advance made in perfecting the works already in progress which cover our left. A trench pushed forward, and a new battery erected three hundred yards in advance. Brigadiergeneral Macfarlane's brigade landed at Schoreshard. Great progress was made in landing the battering-train and stores for the siege. Fascines made for a new battery on the right. These works being completed will take the enemy's line of advanced posts in reverse, and will cover and secure the advance of the army to a new position.

(Signed)

CATHCART.

General return of casualties from the landing of the troops in the island of Zealand, on the 16th to the 21st of August, 1807:

Royal artillery-1 officer, 1 rank and file, 2 horses killed; 4 horses wounded. 1st battalion, 92d-1 rank and file killed. 2d battalion, 95th-1 rank and file wounded. 1st battalion, 82d-1 officer killed; 1 officer wounded. 1st battalion, 43d—1 rank and file wounded. Total-2 officers, 2 rank and file, 2 horses killed; 1 officer, 1 rank and file, 4 horses wounded.

Names of Officers killed. Lieutenant Lyons, of the royal artillery. Ensign Dixon, of the 1st battalion 82d.

Name of Officer wounded. Captain Hastings, of the 1st battalion 82d.

Prince of Wales, off Copenhagen, August 21, 1807.---My lord,---Being of opinion that the service on which his majesty's forces, at the island of Zealand, are employed, renders it highly expedient that all neutral trade therewith should be for the present suspended, I have judged it my duty to issue an order, (of which I have the honour to transmit your lordship a copy) declaring the said islands, and others contiguous thereto, together with the passage of the great belt, to be in a state of close blockade, and directing that all neutral vessels persisting to enter into the said islands and passage, after receiving due notice thereof, shall be detained and sent to me at this anchorage, intending that such vessels shall not be allowed to pursue their respective voyages until the circumstances of the islands shall permit them to do so, consistently with the object of the present service. I have the honour to be, &c. Viscount Castlereagh, &c. &c. &c.

J. GAMBIER. By J. Gambier, esq. admiral of the blue, and commander in chief of a fleet of his majesty's ships and vessels employed on a particular service.

Whereas I have judged it expedient, in conducting the operations of his majesty's fleet under my command against Copenhagen, to surround the island of Zealand, and the other islands contiguous thereto, with his majesty's ships, in order to prevent reinforcements, or supplies of any kind whatsoever, from being thrown into the said islands, I do hereby declare them, as well as the passage of the great belt, (extending from a bank or shoal named Hasteen's ground, to the south-east end of the island of Femeren) to be in a state of close blockade, and do also hereby direct the flag officers, captains, and commanders of the said ships, to give notice thereof to any neutral vessels they may find going into any of the ports of the said islands, or into the passage aforesaid, and to require them to desist therefrom; and in case any neutral vessels, after receiving such notice, shall attempt to enter into any port or place of the said islands, or into the passage aforesaid, the said flag officers, captains, and commanders, are hereby authorised and required to detain such vessels, and, leaving their respective masters, and a proportion of their crews on board to assist in navigating them, put a careful petty officer, with as many seamen as may be necessary into them, respectively, and send them to me at this anchorage. Given under my hand, on board the Prince of Wales, off Copenhagen, August 21, 1807.

By command of the admiral, Jos. TROUNSELL. Admiralty Office, September 5, 1807.---Copy of a Letter to the honourable William Wellesley Pole, secretary of the admiralty, from James Gambier, esq. admiral of the blue, and commander in chief of his majesty's ships and vessels in the Baltic, dated, Prince of Wales, in the Sound, August 16, 1807.

SIR,-I beg you will inform the lords commissioners of the admiralty, that I yesterday morning quitted the anchorage off Elsineur, and in the evening arrived with the fleet and transports off Wibeck, a village about midway, between that place and Copenhagen, where the army was this morning disembarked, without opposition. I have the honour to be, &c.

J. GAMBIER.

Admiralty Office, September 5, 1807.---Copy of a letter from admiral Gambier, commander in chief of a squadron of his majesty's ships and vessels employed on a particular service, to the honourable Wellesley Pole, dated on board the Prince of Wales, off Copenhagen, August 19, 1807.

SIR,-The hostile preparations of the Danish government being far advanced, I thought it proper to order the Defence and Comus to put to sea in pursuit of the Danish frigate, which, as I informed you in my letter of the 14th instant, had quitted Elsineur roads in the night between the 12th and 13th. I have now to request you will lay before the lords cominissioners of the admiralty a copy of a letter which I have received from captain Ekins, of the Defence, and one from captain Heywood to him, stating his having come up with and obtained possession of the said frigate. When the inequality of the force between the two ships is considered, with the

1