A History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent to the Present Time

Plymouth Monopoly opposed, p. 351-West, Gorges, Morrell, 353-Con-
test in Parliament, 354-New-Hampshire, 355-Maine, 358-Nova-Sco-
tia, 359-Conquest and Restoration of Canada, 362—Maine, 363—Conant
at Cape Ann, 367-Massachusetts Company purchase Lands, 368-Ob-

tain a Charter, 370-First Government, 374-Higginson's Emigration,

375-Religious Independence, 377-Banishment of the Brownes, 378-The

Conclusions, 380-Transfer of the Charter, 381-Winthrop's Emigra-

tion, 383-First Autumn and Winter, 386-Organization of the Govern-

ment, 389-Progress of Liberty, 393-The Puritans exclusive, 395—Ro-

ger Williams, 397—His exile, 409—He plants Providence, 411-His

Character, 412-Hugh Peter and Henry Vane, 414-Order of Nobility

proposed, 416-Rejected, 417-Antinomian Controversy, 418-Wheel-

wright exiled, 424-Rhode-Island and Exeter, 425-Connecticut colo-

nized, 426-Pequod War, 429-Constitution of Connecticut, 435-New-

Haven, 436.

CHAPTER X.

THE UNITED COLONIES OF NEW-ENGLAND.

Views of the English Government, p. 438-Liberty threatened, 439—Mas-

sachusetts resists, 440-The Council for New-England surrenders its

Charter, 441-A quo warranto, 442-Persecutions in England, 443-John

Hamden, 445-Massachusetts threatens to declare itself indepen-

dent, 446-Commotion in Scotland, 447-Condition of New-England,

449-New-Hampshire, 452-Gorton, 453-Confederacy, 454-Miantono-

moh, 457-Rhode-Island, 459-Maine, 463-Massachusetts, 467-Politi-

cal Parties, 469-Vassall and Childe's Disturbance, 473-Long Parlia-

ment resisted, 476-Synod, 480-Peace with New-Belgium, 482-Acadia,

482-Cromwell's favor, 483-Laws against Irreligion and Sectarianism,

484-Persecution of Quakers, 490-Free Schools, 497-Harvard Col-

lege, 498-Character of Puritanism, 499-Restoration of the Stuarts, 508.

ERRATA.

The candid reader is requested to correct the following errata. Page 58, note 3, for Elliot's, read Ellicot's.-p. 99, line

1, for isle, read isles-p. 127 and 128, in the margin, for 1603, read 1602.-p. 139, line 10, for charter, read check-p.

180, note 1, line 1, for Justin, read Peter.-p. 253, line 4, for It was, read It was not.-p. 323, in the margin, for 162,

HISTORY

OF THE

UNITED STATES.

INTRODUCTION.*

THE United States of America constitute an essential portion of a great political system, embracing all the civilized nations of the earth. At a period when the force of moral opinion is rapidly increasing, they have the precedence in the practice and the defence of the equal rights of man. The sovereignty of the people is here a conceded axiom, and the laws, established upon that basis, are cherished with faithful patriotism. While the nations of Europe aspire after change, our constitution engages the fond admiration of the people, by which it has been established. Prosperity follows the execution of even justice; invention is quickened by the freedom of competition; and labor rewarded with sure and unexampled returns. Domestic peace is maintained without the aid of a military establishment; public sentiment permits the existence of but few standing troops, and those only along

the seaboard and on the frontiers. A gallant navy protects our commerce, which spreads its banners on every sea, and extends its enterprize to every clime. Our diplomatic relations connect us on terms of equality and honest friendship with the chief powers of the world; while we avoid entangling participation in their intrigues, their passions, and their wars. Our national resources are developed by an earnest culture of the arts of peace. Every man enjoys the fruits of his industry; every mind is free to publish its convictions. Our government, by its organization, is necessarily identified with the interests of the people, and relies exclusively on their attachment for its durability and support. Even the enemies of the state, if there are any among us, have liberty to express themselves undisturbed; and are safely tolerated, where reason is left free to combat their errors. Nor is the constitution a dead letter, unalterably fixed; it has the capacity for improvement, receiving into itself whatever changes time and the public will may require; and is safe from decay, so long as that will retains its energy. New states are forming in the wilderness; canals, intersecting our plains and crossing our highlands, open numerous channels to internal commerce; manufactures prosper along our watercourses; the use of steam on our rivers and railroads annihilates distance by the acceleration of speed. Our wealth and population, already giving us a place in the first rank of nations, are so rapidly cumulative, that the former is increased four-fold, and the latter is doubled, in every period of twenty-two or twenty

INTRODUCTION.

three years. There is no national debt; the community is opulent; the government economical; and the public treasury full. Religion, neither persecuted nor paid by the state, is sustained by the regard for public morals, and the convictions of an enlightened faith. Intelligence is diffused with unparalleled universality; a free press teems with the choicest productions of all nations and ages. There are more daily journals in the United States than in the world beside. A public document of general interest is, within a month, reproduced in at least a million of copies, and is brought within the reach of every individual in the country. An immense concourse of emigrants of the most various lineage is perpetually crowding to our shores; and the principles of liberty, uniting all interests by the operation of equal laws, blend the discordant elements into harmonious union.

Other governments are convulsed by the innovations and reforms of neighboring states; our constitution, fixed in the affections of the people, from whose choice it has sprung, neutralizes the influence of foreign principles, and fearlessly opens an asylum to the virtuous, the unfortunate, and the oppressed of every nation.

And yet it is but little more than two centuries, since the oldest of our states received its first permanent colony. Before that time the whole territory was an unproductive waste. Throughout its wide extent the arts had not erected a monument. Its only inhabitants were a few scattered tribes of feeble barbarians, destitute of commerce, of political con

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