with a square sheet of leade to shoote the water off every way, underset with foure spurres: this being decayed and rotten, was taken downe, and a new one built of brickes, as now we see it, about some 30 years since (1600) by Deane Wood, who dwelt in the house next unto it on the East part."

The Dean resided at this time in a house (long since divided into two dwellings, and lately occupied by Mr. Copeland and Mr. Tyler) on the East of the Cross he caused the old decayed wooden Cross to be taken down, and on its site erected an octangular brick column, which is still standing, but concealed by the late additions. Ou the South and West sides were stone dials, one of which remained till the year 1809, and under the neckings in the brick work were crosses formed like the Greek letter tau (T). This Cross being found in a very dilapi dated state, was repaired in 1809, and covered with cement by Mr. Bernasconia, under the direction of Mr. Shaw, architect, and at the same time various architectural embellishments, usually termed Gothic, were introduced, in the style of those that prevailed in the Tudor æra. On the face of the octagon is a shield containing one of the letters composing the word Tottenham in the old character, and it will long be regretted, that the date at which the alterations were made is not to be found in any part of this structure.

The Plate annexed (see Plate II.) was sketched in 1805, and is a faithful representation of this Cross as it then was, an emblem of antiquity.

"The third remarkable thing," says Mr. Bedwell, "of this second ternary is the Hermitag, distant Southward from the Crosse about X score, or short of a stone bridge in the bottome VII or VIII score: it was within the memory of some yet living (1631) a little square building, for the most part of bricke; it is now a pretty dwelling for a small family; it was built questionless upon the common; but since it seemeth by licence obtained of the Lord, it hath bene inclosed, and to it bath bene annexed a little plotte of ground, which lately hath bene converted to an hort yard: as also a long slip two poale broad, running along by the Highway Southward, from the house were twenty score." This was a cell de

pendant on the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in London; and in the year 1638 it was the property of Ferdinando Pulford and Anne his mother. At the present time the Bull Public House stands on the site of the Hermitage, and the long slip of ground before mentioned, running thence Southward to Page Green and the Seven Sisters, was a few years ago purchased by Mr. Chas. Tuck of the late Thos. Smith, Esq. late Lord of the Manor, who has erected a row of neat houses thereon, which is called Grove Place.

Mr. Bedwell states, "The offertory of St. Loy * is a poore house situate on the West side of the sayd roade, a little off the bridge, where the middle ward was determined." This well, called St. Loy's Well, was, in Bedwell's time, a deep pit in the Highway, always full of watert, but never running over; it was cleaned out in the memory of some persons living in Bedwell's time, and at the bottom was found a great stone, which had certain letters or characters on it; but being, through the carelessness of the workmen, broken and defaced, and no person near who regarded it, it was not known what the characters meant.

This well is still to be seen in a field on the West side of the high road, belonging to Mr. Sperling, but in the occupation of the representative of the late Mr. Chas. Saunders. It is surrounded by willows, and close to the hedge row which divides the above field from Mr. Forster's brick-field; it is bricked up on all sides, square, and about four feet deep.

In a drawing by the late Mr. Townsend, this well is represented with a hermit standing by it, who receives an offering from a lady. The draw

* St. Eloy, or Eligius, was born at Cadaillac near Limoges in France, about the year 588, and apprenticed to a goldsmith; till, on his having executed a beautiful piece of work for Clo'haire II. the King called him to court, and consulted

him about affairs of state. He was ordained Bishop of Noyon in the year 640, at the age of 52 years, and held that see near 20 years, still working at his original trade, and making some of the finest shrines in that king's dominions. He died at the age of 70, Dec. 1, in the year 659.

The properties of this water are said to be similar to the Cheltenham springs.

ing was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1770-1, and has since been engraved, but is scarce.

A LITHOGRAPHIC VIEW OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES IN ENGLAND: BY THE LATE MR. EMANUEL MENDEZ DA COSTA, F. R. S.

(Continued from p. 224.)

WE of mines, and abounds also

ESTMORELAND. A county

in many curious fossils of different kinds, as very fine cubic fluors, crys tals, petrifactions, &c. Slate quarries at Troutbeck Park. Lead inines at Hartley, Kirby Steven, &c. Cumberland. A county full of mines and minerals. Whitehaven, the great coal-pits that even run under the bed of the sea. Petrifactions abound in this county. The awful slate fells, and slate quarries at Newlands. Keswick and Barrowdale blacklead mines, fine hæmatites and rubrica or Reddle ore at Langron near Whitehaven, and at Egremont, &c. Copper mines at Caudbeck, Goldscalp, &c.; lead mines at Nenthead, Newlands, Alston Moor, Thornthwaite, Barrow, and the many lead mines of the Der. wentwater estate. In Barrow, Brickbilburn, and several others of these mines, fine and curious Spathose lead ores are found; the fibrous kinds they call stringy ores. Lead, copper, and iron mines in the manor of Millom. Salt pans at Brausty Cliff near Whitehaven.

Northumberland. This county is the borders of England to Scotland, and is remarkable for its mineral productions. Newcastle, its coal-pits and trade; the lead mines at Thorngill, Blaygill, Skeldon, Alanshead, Ramsgill, Dowgang, &c. Iron works near Newcastle, and at Darwincourt. The Picts' Wall, a famous piece of antiquity, runs through this county, and part of Cumberland.

Durham, a county rich in minerals. Sunderland, a sea-port, its trade in coals of the collieries in its neighbourhood, and in lime and limestone. Many other coal pits near Cambois, at Blyth, &c. Lead mines in the manor of Huntsonworth, Muggles wick Park, Shildon near Blanchland, Pikelaw, Eastrake, Flakebridge, Breconsike, and Jessrass. Hæmatites in Durham, sent to Sheffield and Rotheram in Yorkshire to be fused, and

iron furnaces at Bedlington, Hunwich Moor near Bishop's Auckland, at Winlaton, Smallwell, and Teams. Salt works at Cambois, Blyth, and Bishopwearmouth near Sunderland. Many stone quarries in this county, which yield curious petrifactions.

Se

Yorkshire. The largest county in England, full of remarkables worthy the attention of a traveller. Whitby and its neighbourhood the alum works; jet and amber is also found in the cliffs, and the alum stone abounds with two kinds of ammonitæ and other petrifications. Whitby is a sea-port, and has sail cloth and other manufactories. Halifax manufactory of cloths, and coal-pits. Lead mines at Malham, Beldy-hill in the parish of Wensley, Ridiner Mines, Arkendale, Richmond, and Craven Mines, Gressington Moor Mines. Iron manufactories at Sheffield, and Rotheram; at these places they smelt the rich and good iron ores of Lancashire, Cumberland, and Northumberland. veral iron mines lie round about Sheffield, and there are iron forges or works also at Harcliffe, Colnbridge, Kirkstall, Waddesley, Kiloburst, Wortley, Roach Abbey, Mousehole, and Seamoor. Copper mines at Malham, and other places. Coal-pite at Turfmoor, twelve miles from Whitby, North Bierley, Halifax, Crofton, Wortley, &c.; a very hard coal, taking a very fine polish, used for turners' work at Sheffield, as for snuff boxes, candlesticks, &c. the pits about a mile from that place. Petrifactions in many places, as in the rocks at Engleton, Hildern Hill near Scarborough, Clatteringsike between Malham and Settle; entrochi shells and coralloids in amazing quantities; shells in Halifax coal-pits, and vegetable impressions in those of North Bierley. Scarborough Spa. The incrusting or petrifying well, so called at Knaresborough, and the spa there. The shores of Yorkshire, viz. Scarborough, Burlington, Flamboroughhead, &c. abound with bowlders of marbles, granites, jaspers, petrifactions, &c. as at Scarborough, the masses of septaria, or ludus helmontii, amber (which the people sell). At Holderness cliff's, &c.

Derbyshire, a famous mineral country; in one part full of coal-pits, in the other of lead mines. The Peak or rocky country is the mine part.

The

The famous cavern called the Devil's A-e is at Castleton. Elden hole, a terrible perpendicular chasm or gulph. Pools Hole, a cavern, a mile West of Buxton, where are mineral waters, and perfect crystals called Buxton diamonds. Matlock baths, and petrifying (incrusting) waters, and mines. Chatsworth, the Duke of Devonshire's seat. Stoney Middleton caverns, called Bossen's hole, Bamforth hole, &c. Mines, mostly lead, at Winster, Bakewell, Ashborne, Wirksworth, Weusley, Eyam, Snetterton, Crumford, &c. Some copper mines. Iron works at Godnor, Chesterfield, Barton fields, New Mills, Plesley, and Staveley, &c. Coal-pits at Swanwich near Alfreton, Chesterfield, Hayner, Shipley, &c. All the limestone of Derbyshire abounds with petrifactions, as coralloids, anomiæ, entrochi, &c. The Derbyshire marble is a mass of entrochi and other marine remains; the best of it is got at Moneyash and Rigley dale. The collieries have vegetable impressions. The mines abound with stalactites and spars, called stone icicles, drop-stone, dogtooth, spar, &c. with cubic and other fluors, called blue John stone, cauk, croyl stone, &c. and also called spars. Marcasites called Brazils. Mineræ zinci, called mock ores. Lead and

other ores, also various limestones, dun-stone, toad-stone, black-stone, and cherts, i. e. petrosilices. Shale is another large stratum. Fine vases and urns are turned from the stalactites, and from a fine amethystine and crystalline fluor, which, with specimens of the black, the entrochus, and other marbles of this county, are sold to curious travellers by Mr. Watson at Bakewell. At Derby are famous silk mills.

Staffordshire. Dudley lime-stone pits abound with elegant petrifactions of coralloids, crustacea, and shells. The Stourbridge clay, famous for its use in metallurgical operations, as Jutings and bricks for furnaces. Iron works and ores at Walsal, Willenhall, Bilston, Wednesbury, Cannock, Bromwich, Little Aston, &c. a plating mill at Consal, and iron manufactories at Wolverhampton. A copper nine at Ecton. Coal-pits at Wednesbury, and in many other places. The navigable canals now making through this county deserve attention.

Warwickshire. This county is

nearly the centre of England. Birmingham, and its several manufactories. Abounds with coal-pits, as at Sutton Coldfield, &c. Copper at Nuncaton; quarries at Long Compton, Shipston, &c. Iron works at Bromford, and Clifford.

Worcestershire. Worcester and its mauufactories. Iron works at Shelsley, Wildon, Pennyhole, Loverittiton, Woolversley, Cookley, Cradely, Lye, and Powick. Salt works at Droitwich. Many coal-pits in this county.

Oxfordshire. A stone county, every spot of it being full of stone quarries, and abounds with petrifactions. Ochre pits at Shotover bill. Quarries of Reddington yield fine selenitæ. Quarries of flag-stone, famous for its curious and elegant petrifactions at Stunsfield. Witney blanket manufactory. The University. Blenheim

House.

Buckinghamshire has many quarries that abound with petrifactions, as at the Brill, Ailesbury, Dinton Mill, &c. Chalk hills at Beaconsfield, &c. Lace manufactory at Newport Pag nel.

Middlesex. Return to London.
(To be continued.)

Mr. URBAN,

S

Eltoe, March 6,

As you have been pleased to review my late publication very favourably in your Mag. for September last, p.244, and at the same time to suggest to me the propriety of writ ing a novel, delineating Welsh peculiaries; I beg leave to inform you that I have nearly completed a Tale, tending to illustrate that object, and similar in principle to the "Tales of my Landlord."

A Correspondent, in a former Number, requested you to" stir up" another Jedidiah Cleishbotham for the composition of "Welsh Tales," a task replete with almost insurmountable difficulties. The Welsh of the present day possess not that marked nationality so peculiar to the Scotch, and which, united with their simple and expressive dialect, forms the principal beauties of the Scottish Tales. Now to introduce the Welsh language to the English reader would be absurd, as not one in ten thousand understand it; and to exhibit the English language as spoken by a native of Wales, would be too broad a caricature, and consequently unpleasant to a gene

rous

rous mind. Another chief source of the delight which these fascinating Novels give to the mind is, that they are connected with important historical events. The History of Wales (if we except the civil war between Charles I. and the Parliament) presents no extraordinary revolution subsequent to the rebellion of Owen Glendower, which æra is too remote to be generally interesting as the theatre of a Novel.

Although, Mr. Urban, you may not have stirred up another Jedidiah Cleishbotham; yet, as the publick have long felt anxious for the appearance of Welsh National Tales, I have endeavoured to gratify their wishes; and if they should honour my first at

tempt with their approbation, I shall continue a regular series of "Cambrian Tales." W. S. WICKENDEN.

Mr. URBAN, Enfield, Feb. 9. HERE is a great inconvenience which requires a remedy, and I know no channel so likely to convey one as the Gentleman's Magazine; I mean the mischief that arises from the difference in which we write our sentiments, and the construction that is frequently put upon them. There are very few, I conceive, but must have experienced this in the course of their epistolary communications; and as for myself, I am now acting as umpire between two of the bestmeaning souls alive, arising from the misconceptions of each other's style. The one reads in an ill humour, but writes in a good one; whilst the other party is directly the reverse. I recommend an exchange of their tempers pro tempore, but would be most happy to find some permanent cure, or, perhaps, I should say, a preventative of this too frequent occurrence. With all due submission, I will suggest, that each Letter-scribbler should be furnished with a set of seals, with mottos or good sentiments upon them that shall always answer as a sort of preface to the matter within, and thus, without much trouble, we should attune the mind like any other instrument to the key we would wish; thus Love might indulge in the old game of flying Cupids, bleeding hearts, and the like; soldiers might preface a long petition to the commander in chief with an elegant trophy; or an old navy lieutenant might adorn his with

a pair of wooden legs as supporters; a judge, with an owl in spectacles; a merchant writing under succeeding impressions, might have a ship heavy laden coming into port; or a letter conveying a case of bankruptcy might communicate its unpleasant tidings by a broken pitcher. The mottos are numerous, and might serve to show the wit of the writer by the judgment of the selection; the engraver would find his account, the reader his, and the writer would be saved many unpleasantries, and run much less risk of having his letter read in a wrong ALPHABETICUS.

mood.

GOOD Mr. URBAN,

НЕ

THE great heaviness in my head

with which I am oftentimes visited, caused, as I formerlie intimated, by an unluckie horse belonging to Thos. Edgerly the Universitie carrier, is somewhat abated. I am becoming daily more lightsome, and the slowness with which during my late sad visitation I apprehended things that I read or heard, is gradually departing.

I therefore speed me in fulfilling my promise, and forward to you, as below, a copie of a Letter sent by my worthie old friend Sir William Dugdale, sometimes Norroy King at Arms, but long since departed this life, to a gentleman of note in the Northern parts of England, touching the pedigree and pious acts of my Ladie Dutchesse Dudlie, who gave way to fate a'o d'ni 1668, at her house near the Church of St. Giles in Holburne. This said Letter, with manie mo'e much at your service, I have fairlie transcribed from the MS volumes of Epistles Clarorum Virorum, hereto fore mentioned to you. These volumes I carefully keepe in my withdrawing roome, and frequently peruse them at my leisure. Notwithstanding my old age, I often indulge myself with a romancy walke in the shady recesses near my place of habitation. Heraldry, music, and painting, still so crowd upon me that I cannot avoid them, and methinks I am carried on with a kind of Estrum, for nobody else hereabout hardlie cares for these vertuous studies, but rather makes a scorn of them. Saving my worthie friend R. S. who hath written a goodly tome (with the reading of which my tender affections and insatiable desire of knowledge were as

much

much ravished and melted downe as when the Autiquities of Warwickshire by Will. Dugdale first came to Oxon. a'o D'ni 1656), there is no one here to foster my genie, or encourage me in these my generous pursuits.

I am, worthie Mr. Urban, your verie true friend,

ANTH. à WOOD. Post-sc'ptum. My com'unications with Oxon. have long ceased on account of my infirmities, and I long much to know in what year Badger the Scholemaster, who married Pointer's daughter, marched off this stage. Vide my Life, p. 397.

"Honoured Sir,

"Though I know very well that you do not want intelligence of such newes here, as is of most moment; yet, presuming that you will hardly have such an exact account of what I shall here tell you, I have adventured upon the relation, being very sure that it will not be unacceptable to you, and those other worthy persons with whom you are.

"It is of the exemplary piety and charity of a worthy Lady that died at her house, near the church of St. Giles in Holburne, upon the xxiith of January last, being then fourescore and ten years of age; and whose funerall is to be solemnized in very great state, about ten days hence, whereat I my seife with three or foure more of my fellow-beraulds are to attend.

"She was second daughter to Sir Thomas Leigh of Stoneley in Warwickshire, Kat. and Baronet, and aunt to the now Lord Leigh: she was wife to the famous Sir Robert Dudley, son to that great Earle of Leicester in Queene Elizabeth's time; which Sir Robert, for his extraordinary parts was advanced to the title of Duke by Ferdinand ye second late Emperour of Germany, and resided in Florence many yeares after his departure out of England, about the beginning of K. James his reigue, having high respect from the Greate Duke of Tuscany, whilst he lived.

"She had divers daughters by this her husband, but all are dead, except ing the widdow of Sir Richard Leve son of Staffordshire (who was a Knt. of the Bathe of a great estate), she being now sole executrix to her mo ther.

"Sir Robert Holburne, the greate aud learned lawyer, was husband to another of them; who prevailed so farr with the last King, when he was at Oxford in the late troublesome times, that, partly in consideration of the greate losses which Sir Robert Dudley had, by his departure out of England (for he sold Kennill worthCastle and other great possessions to Prince Henry, and never received any thing of moment for it), and partly for the services done by Sir Robert

Holburne and Sir Ric. Leveson to the King in his great distresses; for these respects, I say, did the late King by his letters patent at Oxford, grant that this lady should enjoy the title of a Dutchesse, and be called Dutchesse Dudley during her life, and her daughters to have place as y daughters of a Duke.

66

Haveing thus related to you her parentage and marriage, I now come to tell you of her pious and charitable workes (I meane the most observable; for many other she hath in her lifetime doue, which I here passe by.)

"About thirty yeares since, she gave to the Church of Stonely in Warwickshire (that being the place of her birth), and to the Courches of Mancetter, Leke-wotton, Ashow, Kenilworth, and Monk-kirby, in the same county, twenty pounds per annum apiece, for an augmentation to the poore vicaridges of these respective churches. Moreover she bestowed on each of the said churches, and likewise upon the Churches of Bidford in the same shire, Acton in Middiesex, St. Alban's in Hertfordshire, Patshull in Northamptonshire, and St. Giles in the Suburbs of London, diverse pieces of faire and costly plate, to be used at the celebration of the holy Com'union in each of them.

And having contributed very largely towards the late new building of the said church of St. Giles, she thereunto gave ye greatest bell, there to be tolled upon such daies of execution which should be at Tiburne, to ye end that good people might be the better put in minde to pray for those prisoners who were then to suffer death. And besides all this, she purchased and new built a faire house, neare the same church (worth at least thirty pounds per annum), and gave it for a perpetuall mansion to the incumbent thereof.

“Having