same name, diversified in different ages and by different writers. As priests took the titles of the Deities whom they served, Lucan has, very properly, introduced a priest of Egypt under the name of Achoreus:

90

quos inter Achoreus,

Jam placidus senio, fractisque modestior annis.

92

The name of Osiris seems to have been UcSehor, and Uc-Sehoris. According to Hellanicus, if a person had in Egypt made inquiry about the term Osiris, he would not have been understood: for the true name was "Usiris. Philo Biblius, from Sanchoniathon, calls the same Deity 91 Isiris; and adds, that he was the brother of Cna, or Canaan; and the inventor of three letters. Ioigis, των τριων γραμματων ευρετης, αδελφος Χνα τε Φοινικος. Ι take Isiris and Usiris, as well as Osiris, to be all Uc-Sehoris softened, and accommodated to the ears of Greece.

The Sun was styled El-Uc, which the Grecians changed to Auxos, Lucos; as we learn from

.

I

9° Lucan. 1. 8. v. 475.

οι Και γαρ τον Οσιριν Ελλανικός Ύσιριν είρηκεν ακηκοέναι απο των Ieper λeyoμevov. Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. vol. 1. p. 364.

92 Eusebius. Præp. Evang. 1. 1. c. 10. p. 39.

"Macrobius. He was also styled El-Uc-Or, which was changed to Aungus; and El-Uc-Aon, rendered Lycaon 4, Auxawy. As this personage was the same as El-Uc, Avnos, it was fabled of him that he was turned into a wolf. The cause of this absurd notion arose from hence: every sacred animal in Egypt was distinguished by some title of the Deity. But the Greeks never considered whether the term was to be taken in its primary, or in its secondary acceptation; whence they referred the history to an animal, when it related to the God from whom the animal was denominated. Auxos, Lucos, was, as I have shewn, the name of the Sun: hence, wherever this term occurs in composition, there will be

*

93 Annum quoque vetustissimi Græcorum Auxabarta appellant TOP ATO TË ATKOT, id est Sole. &c. Macrob, Saturn. 1. 1. c. 17. p. 194.

94 Lycaon was the same as Apollo; and worshipped in Lycia: his priests were styled Lycaones: he was supposed to have been turned into a wolf. Ovid. Metam. 1. 1. v. 232. Apollo's mother, Latona, was also changed to the same animal. 'H Ants Anλqv ήλθε μεταβάλλεσα εις λυκον. Scholia in Dionys. v. 525.

People are said to have been led to Parnassus by the howling of wolves'; 'Aunwi wpuya. Pausanias. 1. 10. p. 811. The Hirpi were worshippers of fire, and were conducted to their settlement in Campania by a wolf. Strabo. 1. 5. p. 383.

In the account given of Danaus, and of the temple founded by him at Argos, is a story of a wolf and a bull. Pausan, 1.2. p.153. The temple was styled Απόλλωνος ἱερον Λυκι8.

95

commonly found some reference to that Deity, or to his substitute Apollo. We read of Auxi Awoλawvos iɛgor: of Lycorus, a supposed son of Apollo: of "Lycomedes, another son of 99 Ly cosura, the first city which the Sun beheld. The people of Delphi were, of old, called " Lycorians: and the summit of Parnassus, 100 Lycorea. Near it was a town of the same name; and both were sacred to the God of light. From Lucos, in this sense, came lux, luceo, lucidus, and Jupiter Lucetius, of the Latines ; and λυχνος, λυχνία, λυχνεύω,

ས་

95 Pausanias above: also, Apollo Avxaios, and Auxsies. Pausan.

1. 1. p. 44. 1. 2. p. 152, 153.

96 Pausanias. 1. 10. p. 811. 97 Pausanias. 1. 7. p. 530.

95 Pausanias. 1. 8. p.678..

99. Οι Δελφοι το πρώτον Λυκώρεις εκαλούντο. Rhod. 1. 4. v. 1489.

Scholia in Apollon.

100 Stephanus Byzant. and Strabo. 1.9. p. 640. said to have been named from wolves. Pausanias, 1. 10. p. 811.

I

Λυκωρεία, πολις Δελφιδος, ἐν ᾗ τιμαται ὁ Απολλων. Etymolog. Magnum.

These places were so named from the Sun, or Apollo, styled not only Avxos, but Avxwgeus and Aunwgelos: and the city Lucoreia was esteemed the oldest in the world, and said to have been built after a deluge by Lycorus, the son of Huamus. Pausan. 1. 10. p. 811.

Υίωνος Φοίβοια Λυκώρειοιο Καφαυρος. Apollon. 1. 4. v. 1489. Λυκωρειοίο, αντι το Δελφίκα. Scholia. ibid. It properly signified Solaris.

of the Greeks; also Λυκαβας, and αμφιλύκος, though differently expressed. Hence it was that so many places sacred to Apollo were styled Leuce, Leuca, Auxia, Leucas, Leucate.

Mox et Leucatæ nimbosa cacumina montis,
Et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo.

3

2

Hence also inscriptions DEO LEUCANIÆ: which term seems to denote, Sol-Fons, the fountain of day. The name Lycophron, Auxoqgwv, which some would derive from Auxos, a wolf, signifies a person of an enlightened mind. Groves were held very sacred: hence lucus, which some would absurdly derive a non lucendo, was so named from the Deity there worshipped: as was Amos, a word of the same purport among the Greeks.

This people, who received their theology from Egypt and Syria, often suppressed the leading vowel; and thought to atone for it by giving a new termination: though to say the truth, this mode of abbreviation is often to be observed in the original language, from whence these terms are derived. Kugos, the name of Cyrus, seems to have suffered an abridgment of this nature. It was

Virgil. Æneid. l. 3. v. 274.

3 Gruter's Inscriptions. vol. 1. p. мLXXXII. n. 8.

probably a compound of Uch-Ur, the same as Achor, and Achorus of Egypt, the great luminary, the Sun. In antient times all kings, priests, and people of consequence took to themselves some sacred title. But as Aneith was abbreviated to Neith, Acherez to Cherez; so Achorus was rendered Chorus, Curus. Thus far is manifest, that Curus signified the Sun. “Ο μεν ουν Κυρος απο Κυρε τε παλαιά ονόμα εσχεν εκείνῳ δε απο τα Ήλιε γενεσθαί φασι Κύρον γαρ καλειν Πέρσας τον Ήλιον. Ctesias likewise informs us that the name of Cyrus had this signification. 5 Και τιθεται το όνομα αυτε απο τα Ήλιε : He was denominated Cyrus from the Sun, which was so called. It was the same as Orus: and according to Strabo it is sometimes so expressed; as we may infer from a river of this name, of which he says, * Εκαλείτο δε πρότερον Κορος. We find it sometimes rendered Kugis, Curis: but still with a reference to the Sun, the Adonis of the east. Hesychius explains Κυρις, ο Άδωνις. In Phocis was 7 Kuppa,

So Hesychius Toν γαρ ήλιον οι Περσαι Κύρον λεγεσιν Hence Κύρος, αρχών, βασιλευς, ibid. also Κύρος, εξάσια.

6

Strabo, speaking of the river Cur, or Cyrus. I. 11. p. 764.

"Quid tibi cum Cyrrhâ? quid cum Permessidos undâ?

Martial. 1. 1. epigram. 77. v. 11.

Phocäicas Amphissa manus, scopulosaque Cyrrha.

Lucan. 1. 3. v. 172.

Κιρραν, επίνειος Δελφών. Pausan. 1. 10. p. 817.