taking the motive power expenses (given in the reports of the State officers) as the whole cost of transportation; it must be recollected, that the State merely furnishes the moving power; the owners of cars have to provide their own workshops, and depots for receiving and depositing goods; they are also obliged to send agents with their cars and have to take the risk of all accidents. The duty of the State agents who accompany each train, is to regulate the motions of the train, and to see that proper returns are made to the collectors, of the passengers and freight conveyed. Details of motive power expenses for the year ending October 31st, 1838. The superintendent in his report dated October, 1837, states as follows: "The heavy locomotives now used for the transportation of freight are capable of drawing thirty-five cars, each with a load of three tons, or one hundred and five tons, exclusive of the cars, engine, and tender. If their weight be added, the whole will be one hundred and ninety tons." The average number of cars to each engine, actually hauled during the season, falls far short of the number just given; this is owing to the irregularity and decrease of business which prevailed, and to the rule, which for the ac commodation of the trade was adopted, of starting a train whenever one of sufficient size to justify the expense had accumulated, without delaying, and increasing the expense of the transporters by waiting for a full one. The number of locomotive engines, on the road at the date of the last report was thirty-six, of which, twenty-seven were in good order. The daily duty of the engines is to run from the head of one inclined plane to the head of the other, a distance of seventy-seven iniles; between the foot of the Schuylkill plane and Philadelphia, a distance of three miles, to and fro: from the Columbia plane to the canal basin, two engines are generally kept employed in taking the trains horse power is used, the distance being only one mile. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Important Surgical Operation for Consumption of the Lungs.-There is no disease that has claimed and received a greater share of attention than Pulmonary Consumption, and with what success, the public is but too well aware; any remedy therefore that may offer but partial advantage in this fatal malady should be received with favor. We understand an operation was performed upon Mr. John Beitzel, of Kensington, on the 15th day of May last, which promises entire success. The disease was in the right side, a great portion of the lung being occupied by an abscess which communicated with the cavity of the chest-the diagnosis being based upon physical exploration. The operation was performed by Dr. J. P. Bethell, in presence of Drs. J. E. Taylor, J. K. Knorr, C. Baker, G. W. Patterson, and T. A. Railly. An incision was made about three inches long between the sixth and seventh ribs; a gum elastic tube was introduced into the cavity of the abscess, and the pus drawn off by means of a pump. The orifice was kept open and the tube applied until the pus (which amounted to 24 ounces) was entirely removed. The patient immediately after the operation became entirely relieved; his cough subsided, and his respiration be came easy. He is now convalescent, having had no bad symptoms since the operation, and remains under the care of Drs. Bethell and Taylor.-Ing. Rival to the Daguerreotype.-The Baltimore Patriot contains the following account of an American rival to the French process, by which miniatures are taken : The process is a modification of the Daguerreotype. The likenesses are not taken by a glass camera and by refracted light, but by a new invention, purely of American origin, viz: A metallic reflector reflects the light of the sun, received from the face of the person sitting for a likeness, back, and a silver plate, placed in the focus of the reflector, receives the impression, when a chemical action takes place, and a perfect image is the consequence. The time for this operation varies, I learn, from one and a half to three minutes, when a screen is used, according to the influence, for the time being, of the chemical rays of the sun, &c. Common Council of Philadelphia.-Mr. Ferguson, from the committee on finance, reported the following resolution: Resolved, That the City Treasurer be and he is hereby authorized to pay, under the direction of the committee on finance, all interest on city loans that may be now due and unpaid or that may hereafter become due, in specie-which was passed. Select Council concurred. Liverpool, May 23.- Great arrival of Vessels at Liverpool.-Owing to a change of wind on Saturday last, there were 60 arrivals at Liverpool, from foreign ports, principally vessels of large burden and with valuable cargoes, viz.: 1 from China, 27 from the United States, (21 with cotton, 5 with flour, and 1 with tea,) 6 from the West Indies and adjacent parts, 2 from Africa, 10 from the Mediterranean, 3 from Spain, 5 from Portugal, 6 from the Baltic; also 24 from Ireland, and 23 coastwise-Total 107 vessels. President's Message. Northeastern Boundary.-The following message was received from the President of the United States, by Mr. A. Van Buren, his secretary. cere desire which is felt by both parties to arrive at an amicable settlement will at length be attended with success. The best clue to guide the two Governments in their future proceedings, may perhaps be obtained by an examination of the causes of past failure: and the most prominent amongst these causes has certainly been a want of correct information as to the topographical features and physical character of the district in dispute. of the difficulties which embarrassed the Netherlands GoThis want of adequate information may be traced as one its arbitration, in 1830. The same has been felt by the Government in its endeavors to decide the points submitted to To the Senate-The importance of the subject to the tranquillity of our country makes it proper that I should communicate to the Senate, in addition to the information heretofore transmitted in reply to their resolution of the 17th of January last, the copy of a letter just received from Mr. Fox announcing the determination of the British Government to consent to the principles of our last proposition for the settlement of the question of the Northeastern boundary, with a copy of the answer made to it by the Secretary of State.vernment in England: it has been felt and admitted by the I cannot doubt that, with the sincere disposition which actuGovernment of the United States, and even by the local Goates both Governments to prevent any other than an amica-vernment of the contiguous State of Maine. ble termination of the controversy, it will be found practicable so to arrange the details of a conventional agreement on the principles alluded to as to effect that object. United States agreed, therefore, two years ago, that a survey of the disputed territory, by a joint commission, would be the measure best calculated to elucidate and solve the quesand her Majesty's Government consented to it; and it was tions at issue. The President proposed such a commission, believed by her Majesty's Government that the general principles upon which the commission was to be guided, in its rived at by means of a correspondence which took place belocal operations, had been settled by mutual consent, and artween the two Governments in 1837 and 1838. The British Government and the Government of the The British Commissioners, in their report communicated by Mr. Fox, express an opinion that the true line of the treaty of 1783 is materially different from that so long contended for by Great Britain. The report is altogether exparte in its character, and has not yet, as we are informed, been adopted by the British Government. It has, however, assumed a form sufficiently authentic and important to justify the belief that it is so to be used hereafter by the British Government in the discussion of the question of boundary, Her Majesty's Government accordingly transmitted, in and as it differs essentially from the line claimed by the April of last year, for the consideration of the President, the United States, an immediate preparatory exploration and surdraft of a convention to regulate the proceedings of the provey on our part, by Commissioners appointed for that pur-tually the agreement that had been come to by means of posed commission. The preamble of that draft recited texpose, of the portions of the territory therein more particu larly brought in view, would, in my opinion, be proper. If Congress concur with me in this view of the subject, a provision by them to enable the Executive to carry it into effect will be necessary. Washington June 27, 1840. M. VAN BUREN. Mr. Fox to Mr. Forsyth. WASHINGTON, June 22, 1840. The undersigned, her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, has the honor to transmit to the Secretary of State of the United States, by order of his Government, the accompanying printed copies of a report and map which have been presented to her Majesty's Government by Colonel Mudge and Mr. Featherstonhaugh, the commissioners employed during the last season to survey the disputed territory. The undersigned is instructed to say, that it will of course have become the duty of her Majesty's Government to lay the said report and map before Parliament; but her Majesty's Government have been desirous, as a mark of courtesy and consideration towards the Government of the United States, that documents bearing upon a question of so much interest and importance to the two countries, should, in the first instance be communicated to the President. The documents have been officially placed in the hands of her Majesty's Government, only a few days previously to the date of the instruction addressed to the undersigned. notes which had been exchanged between the two Govern ments; and the articles of the draft were framed, as her Ma jesty's Government considered, in strict conformity with that agreement. But the Government of the United States did not think proper to assent to the convention so proposed. The United States Government did not indeed allege that the proposed convention was at variance with the result of the previous correspondence between the two Governments; but it thought that the convention would establish a commission of "mere exploration and survey ;" and the President was of opinion that the step next to be taken by the two Governments, should be to contract stipulations bearing upon the face of them the promise of a final settlement, under some form or other, and within a reasonable time. The United States Government accordingly transmitted to the undersigned, for communication to her Majesty's Government, in the month of July last, a counter draft of convention, varying considerably in some parts, as the Secretary of State of the United States admitted in his letter to the undersigned of the 29th of July last, from the draft proposed by Great Britain. But the Secretary of State added, that the United States Government did not deem it necessary to comment upon the alterations so made, as the text itself of the counter draft would be found sufficiently perspicuous. Her Majesty's Government might certainly well have expected that some reasons would have been given to explain why the United States Government declined to conform to an arrangement which was founded upon propositions made by that Government itself, and upon modifications to which that Government thought the draft of convention thus proposed was not in conformity with the previous agreement, it would have pointed out in what respect the two were con Her Majesty's Government feel an unabated desire to bring the long pending questions connected with the boundary between the United States and the British possessions in North America to a final and satisfactory settlement; being well aware, that questions of this nature, so long as they re-sidered to differ. main open between the two countries, must be the source of frequent irritation on both sides, and are liable at any moment to lead to events that may endanger the existence of friendly relations. It is obvious that the questions at issue between Great Britain and the United States, must be beset with various and really existing difficulties; or else those questions would not have remained open ever since the year 1783, notwithstanding the frequent and earnest endeavors made by each Government to bring them to an adjustment. But her Majesty's Government do not relinquish the hope that the sin Her Majesty's Government, considering the present state of the boundary question, concur with the Government of the United States in thinking that it is on every account expedient that the next measure to be adopted by the two Governments should contain arrangements which will neces sarily lead to a final settlement; and they think that the convention which they proposed last year to the President, instead of being framed so as to constitute a mere commission of exploration and survey, did, on the contrary, contain certain stipulations calculated to lead to the final ascertainment of the boundary between the two countries. There was, however, undoubtedly, one essential difference between the British draft and the American counter draft. The British draft contained no provision embodying the principle of arbitration; the American counter draft did contain such a provision. The British draft contained no provision for arbitration, because the principle of arbitration had not been proposed on either side during the negotiations upon which that draft was founded; and because, moreover, it was understood at that time that the principle of arbitration would be decidedly objected to by the United States. to him, some reasons would have been given to explain why the United States Government declined accepting the British draft of convention or that, if it thought the draft was not in conformity with previous agreement, it would have pointed out in what respect the two were considered to differ. But as the United States Government have now expressed a wish to embody the principle of arbitration in the pro-quate to the exigencies of the occasion, and fall behind the posed convention, her Majesty's Government are perfectly willing to accede to that wish. The undersigned is accordingly instructed to state officially to Mr. Forsyth, that her Majesty's Government consent to the two principles which form the main foundation of the American counter draft; namely, first, that the commission to be appointed shall be so constituted as necessarily to lead to a final settlement of the questions of boundary at issue between the two countries; and secondly, that in order to secure such a result, the convention by which the commission is to be created shall contain a provision for arbitration upon points as to which the British and American commissioners may not be able to agree. The undersigned is, however, instructed to add, that there are many matters of detail in the American counter draft, which her Majesty's Government cannot adopt. The undersigned will be furnished from his Government, by an early opportunity, with an amended draft, in conformity with the principles above stated, to be submitted to the consideration of the President. And the undersigned expects to be at the same time furnished with instructions to propose to the Government of the United States a fresh local and temporary convention, for the better prevention of incidental border collisions, within the disputed territory, during the time that may be occupied in carrying through the operations of survey or arbitration. The undersigned avails himself of this occasion to renew to the Secretary of State, the assurance of his distinguished consideration. The undersigned, Secretary of State of the United States, has had the honor to receive a note addressed to him on the 22d instant by Mr. Fox, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Great Britain, enclosing printed copies of the report and map laid before the British Government, by the commissioners employed during the last season to survey the territory in dispute between the two countries, and communicating the consent of her Britannic Majesty's Government to the two principles which form the main foundation of the counter proposition of the United States for the adjustment of the question. The undersigned, having laid Mr. Fox's note before the President, is instructed to say, in answer, that the President duly appreciates the motives of courtesy which prompted the British Government to communicate to that of the United States the documents referred to; and that he derives great satisfaction from the announcement that her Majesty's Government do not relinquish the hope that the sincere desire which is felt by both parties to arrive at an amicable settlement, will at length be attended with success, and from the prospect held out by Mr. Fox, of his being accordingly furnished by an early opportunity, with the draft of a proposition amended in conformity with the principles to which her majesty's Government has acceded, to be submitted to the consideration of this Government. Mr. Fox states that his Government might have expected that, when the American counter draft was communicated In the note which the undersigned addressed to Mr. Fox on the 29th July of last year, transmitting the American counter draft, he stated that in consequence of the then recent events on the frontier, and the danger of collision between the citizens and subjects of the two Governments, a mere commission of exploration and survey would be inadejust expectations of the people of both countries, and referred to the importance of having the measure next adopted bear upon its face stipulations which must result in a final settlement under some form, and in a reasonable time. These were the reasons which induced the President to introduce in the new project the provisions which he thought calculated for the attainment of so desirable an object, and which in his opinion, rendered obviously unnecessary any allusion to the previous agreements referred to by Mr. Fox. The President is gratified to find that a concurrence in those views has brought the minds of her majesty's Government to a similar conclusion; and from this fresh indication of harmony in the wishes of the two cabinets, he permits himself to anticipate the most satisfactory result from the measure under consideration. The undersigned avails himself of the opportunity to offer to Mr. Fox renewed assurance of his distinguished consideration. H. S. Fox, Esq., &c. JOHN FORSYTH. On motion, by Mr. Buchanan, the message was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and ordered to be printed. The following circular has been issued by the U. S. Bank. Various changes have been made in the officers and clerks of this Bank. Joseph Cowperthwait Esq. has resigned as cashier, and his place been supplied by A. Lardner, Esq.; John Andrews, Esq. Assistant Cashier has also resigned, and the office been dispensed with. The places of many clerks have been vacated, and a general reduction of the salaries of those who remained taken place, so as to diminish the expenses of the institution considerably, under the present contracted state of its business. I am instructed to inform you, that by a resolution of the Board of Directors of this Bank, adopted at a stated meeting, held on the 16th inst., it was ordered that hereafter no loans, now running to maturity, shall be renewed, (unless originally made with an agreement or understanding to that effect;) and that upon all loans, whether on accommodation paper, upon stock or upon other security, a payment of at least 10 per cent. will be required when due, and the balance to be settled by notes (not renewable,) at from one to seven months. And that all offers or applications for such renewals must be presented to the Board on discount days. By order of the Board, A. LARDNER, Acting Cashier. Three hundred miles a day-The splendid steamboat Erie, Capt. Titus, returned from Chicago on Saturday last, with a large number of passengers and 300 barrels of flour and pork. The run of the Erie on this occasion is worthy of record. She left Chicago on Tuesday morning at half past nine o'clock, touched at ten intermediate ports, took in passengers and wood and arrived here at 45 minutes past two on Saturday afternoon, thus running the trip of 1,200 miles in four days.-Buffalo Com. Adv. From the Literary News-Letter. We publish below the Journal of the Convention at Boonsborough, in 1775-the first legislative body ever convened upon the soil of Kentucky. Some of the details may perhaps seem trivial; but as specimens of back-woods legislation, and of legislation too, well adapted to the condition and wants of the infant colony, they possess a high degree of interest.We find, among other characteristic incidents contained in these minutes, the old hunter, Daniel Boone, asking for leave to bring in a bill "for the preservation of the game." The original manuscript of this Journal is in the possession of the Kentucky Historical Society. Convention of 1775, at Boonsborough, Ky: Nay, it is not only a solecism in politics, but an insult to common sense, to attempt the happiness of any community, or composing laws for their benefit, without securing to each individual his full proportion of advantage arising out of the general mass; thereby making his interest, (that most powerful incentive to the actions of mankind,) the consequence of obedience. This at once not only gives force and energy to legislation, but as justice is, and must be eternally the same, so your laws, founded in wisdom, will gather strength by time, and find an advocate in every wise and well disposed person. You, perhaps, are fixing the palladium, or placing the first corner-stone of an edifice, the height and magnificence of whose superstructure is now in the womb of futurity, and can only become great and glorious, in proportion to the excellence of its foundation. These considerations, gentlemen, will, no doubt animate and inspire you with sentiments worthy the grandeur of the subject. Our peculiar circumstances in this remote country, surrounded on all sides with difficulties, and equally subject to one cominon danger, which threatens our common overthrow, must, I think, in their effects, secure to us an union of inter The proprietors of the said colony having called and re-ests, and consequently that harmony in opinion, so essential quired an election of Delegates, or Representatives, to be made for the purpose of legislation, or making and ordaining laws and regulations for the future conduct of the inhabitants thereof; that is to say, for the town of Boonsborough, six members; for Harrodsburg, three; for the Boiling Spring Settlement, four; for the town of St. Asaph, four; and appointed their meeting for the purpose aforesaid, on the aforesaid 23d of May, Anno Domini, 1775. It being certified to us here, this day, by the Secretary, that the following persons were returned as duly elected for the several Towns and Settlements; to wit, for Boonsborough, Squire Boone, Daniel Boone, Wm. Cocke, Samuel Henderson, Wm. Moore, and Richard Calloway; for Harrodsburg, Thos. Slaughter, John Lythe, Valentine Harmond, and James Douglass; for the Boiling Spring Settlement, James' Harrod, Nathan Hammond, Isaac Hite, and Azariah Davis; for the town of St. Asaph, John Todd, Alexander Spotswood Dandridge, John Floyd, and Samuel Wood:-Present, Squire Boone, Daniel Boone, Samuel Henderson, William Moore, Richard Calloway, Thomas Slaughter, John Lythe, Valentine Harmond, James Douglass, James Harrod, Nathan Hammond, Isaac Hite, Azariah Davis, John Todd, Alexander Spotswood Dandridge, John Floyd, and Samuel Wood, who took their seats at Convention. The House unanimously chose Col. Thomas Slaughter, chairman, and Matthew Jewitt, clerk; and after divine service was performed by the Rev. John Lythe, the House waited on the Proprietors, and acquainted them that they had chosen Mr. Thomas Slaughter, Chairman, and Matthew Jewitt, Clerk, of which they approved; and Col. Richard Henderson, in behalf of himself and the rest of the Proprietors, opened the Convention with a speech, a copy of which, to prevent mistakes, the Chairman procured. Ordered the said speech to be read: read the same which follows: Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention: You are called and assembled at this time for a noble and an honorable purpose-a purpose, however ridiculous and idle it may appear at first view, to superficial minds, yet is of the most solid consequence; and if prudence, firmness and unison are suffered to influence your councils and direct your conduct, the peace and harmony of thousands may be expected to result from your deliberations. In short, you are about a work of the utmost importance to the well-being of this country in general, in which the interest and security of each and every individual is inseparably connected; for that State is truly sickly, politically speaking, whose laws or edicts are not careful equally of the different members, and most distant branches, which constitute the one united whole. * When the above was about half in type, we discovered that Mr. Butler had already published the same in the Appendix to the second edition of his History of Kentucky. VOL. III.—4 to the forming of good, wise and wholesome laws. If any doubt remain amongst you with respect to the force or efficacy of whatever laws, you now, or hereafter make, be pleased to consider that all power is originally in the people; therefore, make it their interest, by impartial and beneficial laws, and you may be sure of their inclination, to see them enforced. For it is not to be supposed that a people, anxious and desirous of having laws made-who approve of the method of choosing delegates, or representatives, to meet in general convention for that purpose, can want the necessary and concomitant virtue to carry them into execution. Nay, gentlemen, for argument's sake, let us set virtue for a moment out of the question, and see how the matter will then stand. You must admit that it is, and ever will be, the interest of a large majority, that the laws should be esteemed and held sacred; if so, surely this large majority can never want inclination or power to give sanction and efficacy to those very laws, which advance their interest and secure their property. And now, Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention, as it is indispensably necessary, that laws should be composed for the regulation of our conduct-as we have a right to make such laws, without giving offence to Great Britain, or any of the American Colonies-without disturbing the repose of any society or community under Heaven-if it is probable, nay, certain, that the laws may derive force and efficacy from our mutual consent, and that consent resulting from our own virtue, interest and convenience, nothing remains but to set about the business immediately, and let the event determine the wisdom of the undertaking. Among the many objects that may present themselves for your consideration, the first in order must, from its importance, be that of establishing Courts of Justice, or tribunals for the punishment of such as may offend against the laws you are about to make. As this law will be the chief corner-stone in the groundwork or basis of our constitution, let us in a particular manner recommend the most dispassionate attention, while you take for your guide as much of the spirit and genius of the laws of England, as can be interwoven with those of this country. We are all Englishmen, or, what amounts to the same; ourselves and our fathers have for many generations experienced the invaluable blessings of that most excellent constitution; and surely we can't want motives to copy from so noble an original. Many things, no doubt, crowd upon your minds, and seem equally to demand your attention; but next to that of restraining vice and immorality, surely nothing can be of more importance than establishing some plain and easy method for the recovery of debts, and determining matters of dispute with respect to property, contracts, torts, injuries, etc.— These things are so essential, that if not strictly attended to, our name will become odious abroad, and our peace of short and precarious duration. It would give honest and disinterested persons cause to suspect, that there was some colorable |