Ami. What's that ducdame?

Jaq. 'Tis a Greek invocation, to call fools into a circle. I'll go sleep if I can; if I cannot, I 'll rail against all the first-born of Egypt.2

Ami. And I'll go seek the duke; his banquet is prepar'd. [Exeunt severally.

a double rhyme; or this stanza cannot well be sung to the same tune with the former. I read thus:

"Ducdame, Ducdàme, Ducdàme,
"Here shall he see
"Gross fools as he,

"An' if he will come to Ami."

That is, to Amiens. Jaques did not mean to ridicule himself.

Farmer.

Duc ad me has hitherto been received as an illusion to the burthen of Amiens's song-

Come hither, come hither, come hither.

That Amiens, who is a courtier, should not understand Latin, or be persuaded it was Greek, is no great matter for wonder. An anonymous correspondent proposes to read---Hue ad me.

In confirmation of the old reading, however, Dr. Farmer observes to me, that, being at a house not far from Cambridge, when news was brought that the ben-roost was robbed, a facetious old squire who was present, immediately sung the following stanza, which has an odd coincidence with the ditty of Jaques : "Dame, what makes your ducks to die?

"duck, duck, duck.

"Dame, what makes your chicks to cry?
"chuck, chuck, chuck."-

I have placed Dr. Farmer's emendation in the text.

is a trisyllable. Steevens.

If it do come to pass,

That any man turn ass,

Leaving his wealth and ease,

A stubborn will to please,

Duc ad me, duc ad me, duc ad me;

Here shall he see

Ducdame

Gross fools as, &c.] See HoR. Serm. L. II, sat. iii:
Audire atque togam jubeo componere, quisquis
"Ambitione mala aut argenti pallet amore;
"Quisquis luxuria tristive superstitione,

2

"Aut alio mentis morbo calet: Huc proprius me,
"Dum doceo insanire omnes, vos ordine adite." Malone.

the first-born of Egypt.] A proverbial expression for highborn persons. Johnson. The phrase is scriptural, as well as proverbial. So, in Exodus, xii, 29: "And the Lord smote all the first-born in Egypt."

Steevens.

SCENE VI.

The same.

Enter ORLANDO and ADAM.

Adam. Dear master, I can go no further: O, I die for food! Here lie I down, and measure out my grave.3 Farewel, kind master.

For my sake,

Orl. Why, how now, Adam! no greater heart in thee? Live a little; comfort a little; cheer thyself a little: If this uncouth forest yield any thing savage, I will either be food for it, or bring it for food to thee. Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. be comfortable; hold death awhile at the arm's end: I will here be with thee presently; and if I bring thee not something to eat, I'll give thee leave to die: but if thou diest before I come, thou art a mocker of my labour. Well said! thou look'st cheerly: and I'll be with thee quickly. Yet thou liest in the bleak air: Come, I will bear thee to some shelter; and thou shalt not die for lack of a dinner, if there live any thing in this desert. Cheerly, good Adam! [Exeunt.

A table set out.

SCENE VII.

The same.

Enter Duke senior, AMIENS, Lords, and Others.

Duke S. I think he be transform'd into a beast;

For I can no where find him like a man.

1 Lord. My lord, he is but even now gone hence; Here was he merry, hearing of a song.

Duke S. If he, compact of jars, grow musical,

3 Here lie I down, and measure out my grave.] So, in Romeo and Juliet:

4

fall upon the ground, as I do now,

"Taking the measure of an unmade grave."
compact of jars,] i. e. made up of discords.

Steevens.

In The

Comedy of Errors, we have "compact of credit," for made up of Again, in Woman is a Weathercock, 1612: like gilded tombs

credulity.

66

Compacted of jet pillars."

The same expression occurs also in Tamburlane, 1590:

Compact of rapine, piracy, and spoil." Steevens.

We shall have shortly discord in the spheres:-
Go, seek him, tell him, I would speak with him.
Enter JAQUES.

1 Lord. He saves my labour by his own approach. Duke S. Why, how now, monsieur! what a life is this, That your poor friends must woo your company? What! you look merrily.

Jaq. A fool, a fool!- -I met a fool i' the forest, A motley fool;-a miserable world!5.

As I do live by food, I met a fool;

Who laid him down and bask'd him in the sun,
And rail'd on lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms, and yet a motley fool.
Good-morrow, fool, quoth I: No, sir, quoth he,
Call me not fool, till heaven hath sent me fortune:6
And then he drew a dial from his poke;
And looking on it with lack-lustre eye,
Says, very wisely, It is ten o'clock:

Thus may we see, quoth he, how the world wags:

5 A motley fool;-a miserable world!] What! because he met a motley fool, was it therefore a miserable world? This is sadly blundered; we should read:

a miserable varlet.

His head is altogether running on this fool, both before and after these words, and here he calls him a miserable varlet, notwithstanding he railed on lady Fortune in good terms, &c. Nor is the change we may make, so great as appears at first sight.

Warburton.

I see no need of changing world to varlet, nor, if a change were necessary, can I guess how it should certainly be known that varlet is the true word. A miserable world is a parenthetical exclamation, frequent among melancholy men, and natural to Jaques at the sight of a fool, or at the hearing of reflections on the fragility of life. Johnson.

6 Call me not fool, till heaven hath sent me fortune:] Fortuna favat fatuis, is, as Mr. Upton observes, the saying here alluded to; or, as in Publius Syrus:

"Fortuna, nimium quem fovet, stultum facit.”

So, in the Prologue to The Alchemist:

"Fortune, that favours fooles, these two short houres "We wish away.”

Again, in Every Man out of his Humour, Act I, sc. iii:

"Sog. Why, who am I, sir?

"Mac. One of those that fortune favours.

"Car. The periphrasis of a foole." Reed.

'Tis but an hour ago, since it was nine;
And after one hour more, 'twill be eleven;
And so, from hour to hour, we ripe and ripe,
And then, from hour to hour, we rot, and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale. When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer,
That fools should be so deep-contemplative;
And I did laugh, sans intermission,
An hour by his dial.-O noble fool!

A worthy fool! Motley's the only wear.7
Duke S. What fool is this?

Jaq. O worthy fool!-One that hath been a courtier ; And says, if ladies be but young, and fair,

They have the gift to know it: and in his brain,—

Which is as dry as the remainder bisket

After a voyage,—he hath strange places cramm'd
With observation, the which he vents

In mangled forms:-O, that I were a fool!
I am ambitious for a motley coat.

Duke S. Thou shalt have one.

Jaq.
It is my only suit;
Provided, that you weed your better judgments

Of all opinion that grows rank in them,
That I am wise. I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind,9

7

Motley's the only wear.] It would have been unnecessary to repeat that a motley, or parti-coloured coat, was anciently the dress of a fool, had not the editor of Ben Jonson's works been mistaken in his comment on the 53d Epigram:

66 where (out of motley)'s he

"Could save that line to dedicate to thee?"

Motley, says Mr. Whalley, is the man who out of any odd mixture, or old scraps, could save, &c. whereas it means only, Who but a fool, i. e. one in a suit of motley, &c.

The observation-Motley's the only wear, might have been sug gested to Shakspeare by the following line in the 4th Satire of Donne:

8

"Your only wearing is your grogaram." Steevens.

only suit;] Suit means petition, I believe, not dress. Johnson. The poet meant a quibble. So, Act V: "Not out of your apparel, but out of your suit."

Steevens.

so?

To blow on whom I please; for so fools have:
And they that are most galled with my folly,
They most must laugh: And why, sir, must they so
The why is plain as way to parish church:
He, that a fool doth very wisely hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob:1 if not,
The wise man's folly is anatomiz'd

Even by the squandring glances of the fool.2
Invest me in my motley; give me leave

To speak my mind, and I will through and through
Cleanse the foul body of the infected world,'

If they will patiently receive my medicine.

Duke S. Fy on thee! I can tell what thou wouldst do. Jaq. What, for a counter, would I do, but good? Duke S. Most mischievous foul sin, in chiding sin: For thou thyself hast been a libertine,

As sensual as the brutish sting itself;

9 as large a charter as the wind,] So, in King Henry V : "The wind, that charter'd libertine, is still." Malone.

1 Not to seem senseless of the bob:] The old copies read onlySeem senseless, &c. Not to were supplied by Mr. Theobald. See the following note. Steevens.

Besides that the third verse is defective one whole foot in measure, the tenour of what Jaques continues to say, and the reasoning of the passage, show it no less defective in the sense. There is no doubt, but the two little monosyllables, which I have supplied, were either by accident wanting in the manuscript, or by inadvertence were left out. Theobald.

2

- if not, &c.] Unless men have the prudence not to appear touched with the sarcasms of a jester, they subject themselves to his power; and the wise man will have his folly anatomized, that is, dissected and laid open, by the squandring glances or random shots of a fool. Johnson.

3 Cleanse the foul body of the infected world,] So, in Macbeth: "Cleanse the stuff'd bosom of the perilous stuff." Douce.

4

-for a counter,] Dr. Farmer observes to me, that about the time when this play was written, the French counters (i. e. pieces of false money used as a means of reckoning) were brought into use in England. They are again mentioned in Troilus and Cressida:

66

will you with counters sum

"The past-proportion of his infinite?" Steevens.

5 As sensual as the brutish sting —] Though the brutish sting is