the administration of Monsieur, the M. de Vitrolles having left Nanci, in company with several foreigners of distinction, was attacked in his way to head-quarters by some corps which were in advance of the army; and after vainly attempting to resist a much superior force, was made prisoner. At the time when this occurrence took place, Buonaparte had abandoned the defence of the capital, and was at Saint-Dizier. most trying circumstances, ample proof of his zeal and of his capacity, and having acquired a high place in the public esteem, he received the honourable distinction of being ap pointed to go in quest of Monsieur, and he re-entered Paris at the side of that prince. The latter immediately appointed him interim secretary of state; and on the arrival of the king, M. de Vitrolles was not only favoured with the most flattering assurances of the royal esteem, but was confirmed in the important office which the brother of the king had thus assigned to him. He alone countersigned the declaration of Saint-Ouen, and all the first acts of the royal government, until the month of March 1815. At that epoch, he insisted with much eagerness before the council and his ma jesty, that, if it should be found impracticable to defend Paris, the king should retire to the southern provinces, which remained loyal. The advice of the baron was not followed; but when his majesty qui'ted the capital, he dispatched M. de Vitrolles to the south, expecting that, by his talent and resolution, he might put a check to the too rapid successes of Napoleon. After spending a few minutes with Madame at Bourdeaux, he repaired to Toulouse, intending to organize a centre for the royal government there. The want of time, and the progress of rebellion, prevented the wise measures which were adopted by him from being successful in their issue; but the baron being resolved not to abandon the honourable and perilous post which he occupied, and being, moreover, influenced by the opinion of Madame, who thought that the preservation of Toulouse would afford to the Duke of Angouleme the means of a secure retreat, would, on no account, make his esAfter having thus exhibited, in the cape from the fury of his enemies. The Baron de Vitrolles was in a situation sufficiently perilous, and doubted not that his destruction was near. He contrived, however, to destroy the papers which were on his person; and after having been conducted for several days in the midst of some unfortunate prisoners attached to the rear of the retreating army, and having endured fatigue and privations of all kinds, he escaped with most unexpected good fortune, and arrived at Paris shortly after the entrance of the allied troops. The Emperor of Russia immediately sent for him, and the first words which he uttered on seeing him were these,-" Well! Monsieur de Vitrolles, think you the results of our last conversation have been important?" VOL. IX. PART II. t The friends of the usurper were, it may easily be supposed, sufficiently incensed against him; but those who hated him most could not help enter taining the highest esteem for him. Even Buonaparte, on hearing of his actions, exclaimed, " Why was not I made acquainted with that man?" He was arrested at Toulouse on the 14th of April, and the report of his noble conduct and of his dangers engaged the interest of Europe. Du ring the hundred days he was kept in the closest confinement, and owed his liberty to the results of the battle of Waterloo. Having been delivered from prison, under the provisional government, on the day of Buonaparte's second abdication, he was setting out for Ghent, when he discovered, that, by staying at Paris, he might serve the royal cause. He accordingly remained there, and braved new dangers, in order to render new ser. vices. On the return of his majesty, he resumed the functions of a minister of state. He was elected member of the Chamber of 1815, by the department of the Basses-Alpes, and distinguished himself by his modera tion, and by the wisdom of his opinions, voting with the majority. MADEMOISELLE D'ORLEANS. This lady is sister to the Duke of Orleans, and was born on the 23d of August, 1777. She had the advantage of having her education conducted by Madame de Genlis, and was remarkable in her early youth for her sweet and amiable dispositions; every body saw that she was never so happy as when employed in relieving the distressed; she loved her brother with the most ardent af fection, and found in him both a friend and a protector. Being obliged to leave France in 1793, she went in his company to Belgium, and thence to Switzerland. After in vain attempting to procure an asy fum for her in the cantons of Zurich and Zug, he had her placed suc cessively in the convents of Bremgarten and Fribourg, under the protection of her aunt the Princess of Conti. In that pious retreat, Mademoiselle d'Orleans lived for a considerable time. When her aunt went to Bavaria and Hungary she followed her, and indeed was constantly with her until a short period before her death, which took place in the year 1802. The Duchess of Orleans, her mother, had meantime made Catalonia the place of her retreat, and be ing anxious to see her daughter once more, and to have her to be the companion of her solitude, she sent a person to conduct her into Spain. In obedience to the orders of her mother, the young lady left Presbourg in the month of January, 1802, and reached Catalonia in the month of March following. There she resided for six years, enjoying the comapny of her mother, and received the utmost kindness from the gentry of the country. After this period of safety and tranquillity, the ladies were suddenly exposed to the most imminent danger. The French had invaded Catalonia, and meeting with some resistance before Figuieres, they threw bombs into the city, and the house of the Duchess of Orleans was destroyed. The two princesses were under the necessity of taking to flight in the night season, and they were quickly forced to leave the place to which they then retreated. Meantime the perilous situation of his mother and sister being made known to the Duke of Orleans, he dispatched an agent who was instructed to bring them away from the theatre of the war. The old lady, however, was unwilling to leave Spain, but persuaded her daughter to put herself under the duke's protection. In the month of March, 1808, the Duke of Orleans had left London, in order to conduct his brother, the Count of Beaujolais, to Malta. Thi ther Mademoiselle d'Orleans was directed to point her course, and accordingly arrived in Malta in the month of August, fully expecting to find her brother already arrived. In this, however, she was disappointed, for the count having died a few days after his arrival, and the duke having been invited to the court of Palermo, had already taken his departure for Sicily. Thither, without hesitating, she determined to follow him; but as soon as she had landed she learned that he had set off for Gibraltar. Believing that the mission upon which he was sent to Spain would detain him a considerable time, she followed his steps; but on arriving at Gibraltar, she found that the duke had returned to London. Unsubdued by this new disappointment, she embarked for England, and having arrived in safety at Portsmouth, had at last the unspeakable satisfaction of joining her brother, whom she had sought in vain in almost every part of Europe. She accompanied him in several of his voyages; in particular, she went with him intò the Mediteranean. After a tedious passage, they arrived at Palermo in the beginning of the year 1809, and soon afterwards she witnessed the happy alliance which her brother contracted with the Princess Amelia. The princess now spent a happy life, for her mother, judging it expedient to leave Spain, took up her residence in Malta, and the daughter divided her time between her and her brother's family. But the happiness of the Orleans family was not a little increased when the news arrived of the king's return to France. Mademoiselle then accompanied her bro ther to Paris, and lived with his family in the Palace-Royal. Being again compelled by the unfortunate event of the month of March to leave France, she retired to England along with her Royal Highness the Duchess of Orleans, but returned in the course of the year 1816, and is now residing with her family. If in a princess whose virtues are so distinguished, we were permitted to speak of any thing else, we might speak of her fine parts, of the gracefulness of her manners, and of her extraordinary skill in music and painting. We might relate the praise which she has received from the most distinguished artists for her execution on the harp, and for her paintings of flowers. But we prefer to imitate her in that modesty which seems to conceal from her own view her many perfections, and we will not allow ourselves to raise the veil with which she covers the admirable qualities of her soul-sensibility, generosity, piety, conjoined with so much sweetness and charity, qualities which render her as much the model of her sex, as the graciousness and dignity of her manners, render her the model of princesses. TWO HISTORICAL PIECES CONNECTED WITH THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. [The two pieces of historical writing which follow, the Account of the Conspiracy of Arnold, and the Narrative of the Operations of the French Army in America, are translations from the works of two distinguished Frenchmen, who served against the English army during the American war, The author of the former is Monsieur the Count Barbé Marbois; the latter is from the Memoirs of the Marshal de Rochambeau. They have been translated by an American, and published in America; but, as they have never appeared in this country, we have thought proper to insert them here, because, whatever may be thought of some of the statements contained in them, (more particularly in the former piece) they are materials of history, and must be hereafter considered by every person who wishes to investigate the events of the interesting period to which they refer. The "Conspiracy of Arnold" has received the highest praises from all the French critics, and by one of them it is placed on a level with St Real's celebrated masterpiece, the Conjuration de Venise. Its author has at a later period visited the American continent, and has enjoyed abundant opportunities of correcting his narrative, by comparing his own recollections with those of the most eminent men of that country. In the extract from Rochambeau, there will not be found much that is absolutely new; but it cannot be uninteresting to see, in an English dress, the nar rative of an honest and excellent French officer, who was present during the whole of the transactions of which he writes.] CONSPIRACY OF ARNOLD AND SIR HENRY CLINTON, AGAINST THE UNITED STATES, AND AGAINST GENERAL WASHINGTON, Translated from the French of Count Barbé Marbois. Preliminary Discourse on the United States, by M. Barbé Marbois. BEFORE the discovery of America by the Europeans, tribes of savages, unsettled and feeble, occupied, in this great continent, the territory where now flourishes the Republic of the United States. They lived in the open air, or inhabited wigwams, that is, huts of the rudest structure. Their only rai. ment consisted of skins of wild beasts; their arms, of the bow and the toma. hawk. They depended for nourishment upon the uncertain supplies of fishing and hunting, and sometimes devoured the flesh of their prisoners of war. Barbarous usages and superstitious rites stood them in lieu of laws and religion. These wretched hordes gradually disappeared from the country which they had so long possessed. Some were destroyed by the strangers whom they had welcomed with hospitality; others spontaneously migrated towards the west. The English colonies took their place, and were established by men distinguished for the perseverance and courage which seem to spring out of religious persecution. Most of these adventurous exiles were skilful in some trade or profession. They found, on disembarking, the wealth the most desirable for those whom labour does not appal ;-tracts of vast extent, requiring only the arm of industry to become fertile, and which soon assumed a different aspect under the new mas ters. Cultivation disclosed at length the hidden treasures of the soil. The youthful generation now reaped the fruits of the toils of their fathers, and the golden age, the fiction of the old world, was realized in the new. Population, arts, education, husbandry, all the stamina of civilization, made rapid progress in these regions hither to wild and almost desert. Antece dently, every thing belonged alike to all, and this jealous communion precluded the enjoyment of any particular private right. Now, on the contrary, there is no country of the universe where private property is more respected. And this respect is not founded on the authority or power of the proprietor; it rests upon generally received notions of equity and utility, which, in securing to a man and his family the produce of his labour, bind up social order with private gratification. It may also, perhaps, be ascribed to the great facility with which the very lowest of the poor can themselves become proprietors. They have no reason to envy those who have al ready acquired this character; and they are sure of reaching, in their turn, a condition of ease and affluence, by lawful means, and without extraordi nary efforts. The ideas of good government were carried to America, in the sixteenth century, by men who had emigrated from Europe in the hope of a better lot. Numerous sects of Christians banished by intolerance, and who were themselves intolerant in the outset, soon changed their maxims of conduct. These sects or persuasions for it is thus they are styled in the language of the country-are not, perhaps, even yet, wholly exempt from superstitious fancies; but, abjuring fanaticism, they profess and practice beneficence, charity, philanthropy, the love of peace, not only as religious virtues, but as the principles the most favourable to human happiness. There, all creeds that acknowledge Christ, are equally revered. The government knows no preference for any, and none needs protection against the rest. The divine moral which they all profess is a sufficient shield; and those who administer affairs are deeply penetrated with this truth-that the state in which religion ceases to be honoured, itself immediately verges towards ruin. A cause superior to the authority of the magistrate, to the fear of pu nishment, to the vigilance of the domestic police,-a cause unrivalled in efficacy, averts crimes and maintains public tranquillity; I mean the happiness which is invariably found in all classes and professions. With a community so blessed, religion is no longer an engine of fear, necessary for the |