It was visited by Champlain in 1604, when it was occupied by the Indians under the name of Ouangondy. The French established settlements in 1635, and after several vicissitudes of fortune, it fell to England under the Protectorate in 1654, but was restored by the treaty of Breda in 1749. The French were again driven out of it in 1754, but the city was not actually settled by the English until 1783. Population, 26,128.

4. Charlottetown (Prince Edward Island).

Charlottetown, the capital of Prince Edward Island, is well situated on the Hillsborough River, near the southern coast, 46° 15′ north lat., 63° 11' west long. It is well built on a gently-rising ground, and has a population of 10,000. The island is fertile and well settled, and now enjoys the advantages of a railway running from one end of the island to the other as a backbone to the narrow stretch of land on either side.

The island is named after H.R.H. Edward, Duke of Kent, and Charlottetown after H.R.H. the Princess Charlotte.

No more beautiful island can be found in the St.

Lawrence estuary. The climate is delightful, and with the facilities for bathing on its sandy beaches, aid of yachting in its waters, attracts a large number of visitors, who easily reach it by rail to Pictou or Shediac and thence to Charlottetown by steamer. Here the merchants and citizens dispense their hospitality so pleasanly in the old English style that the charms of the place are intensified by the charms of the society.

The island is well cultivated, and the oyster leds of the estuary are famous; whilst the fisheries, shipbulding, and general commerce engage the attention of the people and render them prosperous and contented.

5. Quebec (Quebec).

This historic city of Canada, with which the names of Wolfe and Montcalm will ever be associated, stands with its towering citadel as the sentinel in charge of the entrance to the St. Lawrence. When the French mariners first approached it they exclaimed "Quel bec!" (What a cliff!), from whence the present name of the city has been adopted. This cape, now known as Cape Diamond, forms the extremity of a tableland, with a precipitous face of 333 feet in height, and is surrounded by the fortifications of Quebec, by the upper town, and in rear by the celebrated Plains of Abraham. Under the cliff is a narrow strip of land gradually extended by wharves, on which flat is the lower town. In front is the river St. Lawrence, narrowed between the Cape of Quebec and the ́ high shores of Point Levi to 1314 yards.

Below the city enters the small river of the St. Charles, gliding through a beautiful valley, in rear of the high tableland, and eastward lie the gentle slopes of the Beauport shores, and the noble lake-like basin apparently barred at the lower end by the large island of Orleans.

This city has a population of 62,447, chiefly French, who glory in this their ancient capital, and feel at home when attending the legislature of their native province in their now British provincial capital.

It is almost impossible to avoid a feeling that you are in Normandy when visiting Quebec; and from its European characteristics, picturesque beauties, fortifications, French population, and Norman style of architecture, it attracts the attention of all visitors, who do not find its parallel for quaintness on the continent of America.

The fortifications cover an area of about forty acres, and several squares adorn the city. Immediately below the main bastion is the artificial terrace overhanging the

cliff and the harbour. This terrace was commenced by Lord Durham and completed by Lord Dufferin. Several monuments mark the histories of the great battlefield by which the Dominion of Canada fell from France to Britain. These are in the upper town, whilst in the lower town the timber merchant has his office, and along the river on either side are coves for receiving and overhauling large logs of squared timber, and in the roadstead ride large timber ships ready to receive their freight, and occasionally a vessel of war resting on a peaceful cruise, or paying a friendly visit.

Quebec, named by the Indians "Stadacona," was first visited by Cartier in 1535. The city was founded by Champlain in 1608. In 1629 it fell into the hands of the English under Keith, but was restored in 1632 with the rest of Canada. In 1690 an English attack failed, but in 1759 it was conquered by Wolfe. In 1775 the Americans under Montgomery failed in their attack, and lost their brave leader.

It is not the seaport of the St. Lawrence, nor is it commercially a progressive city, although its position is favourable and its citizens not wanting in enterprise. Possibly the new railway lines with which it is identifying itself, and the industries,-specially in the manufacture of beetroot sugar,- -as well as the introduction of French capital, may stimulate them to advance more rapidly.

Meanwhile, Canada without its Quebec would be incomplete, and the French Canadians without a home. Quebec is the see of the Roman Catholic archbishops, and the chief French University, namely that of Laval, is in this city.

If the English population of Canada excel in scientific and practical work, the French distinguish themselves in literature, in the professions, and in music