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or profit under the Confederate States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable to, and subject to, indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.

§ 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof, subject to the provisions of this constitution; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the times and places of choosing senators.

2d. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meetings shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

§ 5. Each house shall be judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

2d. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behaviour, and with the concurrence of two-thirds of the whole number expel a member.

3d. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed

ings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in its judgment require secresy, and the ayes and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

4th. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

§ 6. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the Confederate States. They shall in all cases, except treason and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and from the same, and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

2d. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the Confederate States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time, and no person holding office under the Confederate States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. But Congress may by law grant to the principal officer in each of the

executive departments a seat upon the floor of either house with the privilege of discussing any measure appertaining to his department.

§ 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

2d. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the Confederate States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he will return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsiderations, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections to the other house, by which it shall be likewise reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law; but in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by ayes and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return; in

which case it shall not be a law. The President may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill; in such case he shall, in signing the bill, designate the appropriations disapproved, and shall return a copy of such appropriations, with his objections, to the house in which the bill shall have originated, and the same proceedings shall then be had as in case of other bills disapproved by the President.

3d. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary (except on questions of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the Confederate States, and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, may be repassed by two-thirds of both houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in case of a bill.

§ 8. The Congress shall have power:

1st. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises for revenue necessary to pay the debts, provide for common defence, and carry on the Government of the Confederate States; but no bounties shall be granted from the treasury, nor shall any duties or taxes on importations from foreign nations be laid to promote or foster any branch of industry, and all duties, imports, and excises shall be uniform throughout the Confederate States.

2d. To borrow money on the credit of the Confederate States.

3d. To regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; but neither this nor any other clause contained in the constitution shall be construed to delegate the power to Congress to appropriate money for any internal improvement intended to facilitate commerce, except for the purpose of furnishing lights, beacons, and buoys, and other aids to navigation upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbors, and the moveing of obstructions in river navigation, in all which cases such duties shall be laid on the navigation facilitated thereby as may be necessary to pay the costs and expenses thereof.

4th. To establish uniform laws of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the Confederate States; but no law of Congress shall discharge any debt contracted before the passage of the same.

5th. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures.

6th. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the Confederate States.

7th. To establish post offices and post routes; but