After leaving some soldiers with Mr. L to protect the property that had escaped the flames, Captain Waller put himself at the head of the remainder of his men, and marched off with his prisoner; while the yeomen slunk away, cursing Mr. Lin their heart, and vowing to denounce him as a rebel. The neighbours of R seeing the yeomen dispersed, flocked to unite their efforts to those of Mr L, to console poor Mary, and render her all the offices of friendship and kindness in their power to bestow. Lambert Barry, immediately after being lodged in the jail of Wexford, was seized with a violent fever, chiefly brought on by the toil and agitation he had suffered; this circumstance operated greatly in his favour, as it gave time to his friends to examine his case, and use their interest in his behalf. Several respectable Protestants came forward on his trial, who all bore the most honourable testimony to his forbearance and humanity, whilst leading the rebels; and the number of families he had saved from their fury. In consideration of his clemency he was pardoned, on condition of leaving the country for ever. Lambert did not go alone into exile; his betrothed bride became his wife-sold out her property, and accompanied him to America: where they became prosperous settlers; and never forgot the pleasant fields of barony Forth; nor ever ceased to execrate the system of tyranny and misrule, that had driven them from the scenes of their youth, to seek an asylum in a foreign land. SOLDIERS. MEHEMET ALI, the Regenerator of Egypt, is said to be one of the most enlightened princes of the age, and the most able and beloved of military leaders, adored by the troops, and so forth. The truth is, all military service is nearly alike, and few men, who could avoid it, would ever voluntarily enter any army. If it were otherwise, even in the well-paid British service, then are the Sergeant Kites exaggerated characters. Although they were, it cannot be denied that when men are balloted for the militia, the easiest of all military service, every pretext is employed to avoid going out. Human vanity is completely subdued; and men proclaim aloud their physical infirmities and defects, and put in pleas of exemption, on the score of deafness, shortsight, a squint, or a halt, that would never otherwise have been heard of. The conqueror of the Turks has not been able to conquer this disinclination among his subjects; and the following extract from one of his general orders shews us the exact nature of the war, and the character of Ali, that modern specimen of a Prince who has so far outstrip'ped his country and his age : "With respect to the men whom we take for the service of our victorious war department, some draw their teeth, some blind themselves, and others maim themselves on their way to us. Send, then, before an hour elapses, all the men wanting, provided they be able-bodied and healthy, and when thou dost expedite them, let each know that he must not maim himself, because I will take from the family of every such offender, men in his place, and he who has maimed himself shall be sent to the galleys all his life." Here is a Prince for you! MILKING. My father had a cow which could draw her own milk. She was no doubt delighted with the flavour of it, for she practised the sucking of herself every day. She grew quite plump, and was a subject of wonder at the small quantity of milk she yielded, and at her sleek appearance. She was detected one day in the very act, after which a wood collar was suspended round her neck, which prevented her continuing it. She afterwards gave more milk, but decreased in fatness. Such cows are best fitted for Canadian pastures, when disposed to take holyday in he woods. Fidler's Observations. DR. PRIESTLEY'S OPINION OF HIGH LIFE REFLECTING on the time that I spent with Lord Shribars being as a guest in the family, I can truly say, that I mo not at all fascinated with that mode of life. Inste looking back upon it with regret, one of the greatest jects of my present thankfulness is the change of the tuation for the one in which I am now placed; and ? was far from being unhappy there, much less so than -who are born to such a state, and pass all their lives is These are generally unhappy from the want of nee employment; on which account chiefly there appears to much more happiness in the middle classes of life who above the fear of want, and yet have a sufficient metire a constant exertion of their faculties; and who have alway some other object besides amusement. not only most virtue, and most happiness, but even I used to make no scruple of maintaining, that them true politeness in the middle classes of life. For in prayer tion as men pass more of their time in the society of the equals, they get a better established habit of governingt e tempers; they attend more to the feelings of others, and r the other hand, the passions of persons in higher life, har. more disposed to accommodate themselves to them. been less controlled, are more apt to be inflamed; the of their rank and superiority to others seldom quits the and though they are in the habit of concealing their feel and disguising their passions, it is not always so well 4but that persons of ordinary discernment may perceive they inwardly suffer. On this account they are really titled to compassion, it being the almost unavoidable m mind is not hurt in such a situation, when a person be sequence of their education and mode of life. But when to affluence can lose sight of himself, and truly feel and for others, the character is so godlike, as shews that the inequality of condition is not without its use. Like th general discipline of life, it is for the present lost on great mass, but on a few it produces what no other stay ? things could do. AN EFFECT OF POVERTY. AMONGST the poor, refined love can scarcely exist at the passion must become a mere sensual impulse, in mur cases scarcely more delicate than that of the lower and in some instances more disgusting, as those whe art quainted with the manufacturing towns, where ha heaps of human beings earn low wages, will readily tee There is perhaps scarcely anything which has so great tendency to refine the tastes of human beings, as the cap city for love. In proportion as people recede from th they become savages, for love is known to exist in its m real civilization, not her bastard sister, luxury. It perfect state, in countries of the highest civilization; Im therefore, be a duty incumbent on all good and wise vernments, to promote such physical arrangements and the people, as might beget a taste for refinement. Aj sent there is no hope.-Junius Redivivus. JUNIUS REDIVIVUS should have limited his armaze to the manufacturing poor. Does he know anything the authorship of the older Scotch ballads? Has he e heard of the songs of the poor peasant, Burns; or of the sto herd, Hogg ; or the stone-mason, Allan Cunningham—er di thousand nameless writers of love verses which **** existing among the very poorest labourers and can mechanics? Has he never read the poem containing t lines: "If Heaven a draught of heavenly pleasure spare, But if his statement be well-founded, let the manufacturin BALSAM OF MECCA. THE balessan, balm, or balsam of Mecca (Balsamodendron Opobalsamum,) belonging to the family Burseracea, is a native of the eastern coast of Abyssinia, especially at Azab, and as far as the strait of Bab el Mandeb. Bruce says, it is a small tree above fourteen feet high, with scraggy branches and flattened top, like those which are exposed to the seaside blasts; the appearance is consequently stunted, and the leaves are besides small and few. He supposes that it was transplanted to Arabia, and there cultivated at a very early period. This was the Balsamum Judaicum, or Balm of Gilead of antiquity and of the Sacred Writings, it being supposed at one time to be produced only in Judea. It seems, however, to have disappeared from that country, and the supply to have proceeded from Arabia. Many fables are connected with it. Tacitus says, that the tree was so averse from iron that it trembled when a knife was laid near it, and it was thought the incision should be made with an instrument of ivory, glass, or stone. Bruce was told by Sidi Ali Taraboloussi that "the plant was no part of the creation of God in the six days, but that in the last of three very bloody battles which Mahomet fought with the noble Arabs of Harb, and his kinsmen the Beni Koreish, then pagans, at Beder Hunein, Mahomet prayed to God, and a grove of balsam trees grew up from the blood of the slain upon the field of battle; and that with the balsam which flowed from them he touched the wounds even of those that were dead, and all those predestinated to be good Mussulmans afterwards immediately came to life." An equally marvellous legend is the Arabic fable respecting El Wah, a shrub or tree not unlike our hawthorn in form and flower. From the wood of this tree they believe that Moses' rod was made when he sweetened the waters of Marah; and they say also, that by means of a rod of the same wood, Kaleb Ibn el Waalid, the great destroyer of Christians, sweetened the waters at El Wah, -the Oasis Parva, of the ancients,-which were once bitter, and that he bestowed upon the place the name borne by the wonder-working plant. To return to the balsam-tree; the mode of obtaining it remains to be described. This, according to Bruce, is done by making incisions in the trunk at a particular season of the year, and receiving the fluid that issues from the wounds into small earthen bottles, the produce of every day being collected and poured into a larger bottle, which is kept closely corked. When first obtained, it is, says Bruce, "of a light yellow colour, apparently turbid, in which there is a whitish cast, which I apprehend arises from the globules of air that pervade the whole of it in its first state of fermentation; it then appears very light upon shaking. As it settles and cools it turns clear and losses that milkiness which it first had. It has then the colour of honey, and appears more fixed and heavy. The smell at first is violent, and strongly pungent, giving a sensation to the brain like that of volatile salts when rashly drawn up by an incautious person. This lasts in proportion to its freshness; for being neglected, and the bottle uncorked, it quickly loses this quality, as it probably will at last by age, whatever care is taken of it." The natives of the East use it medicinally in complaints of the stomach and bowels, as well as a preservative against the plague; but its chief value in the eyes of Oriental ladies lies in its virtue as a cosmetic, although, as in the case of most other cosmetics, its effects are purely imaginary. Lady Mary Wortley Montague ascertained that it was in request by the ladies of the Seraglio at Constantinople; but having tried it on her own person found it exceedingly irritating to the skin. Much of the virtue attributed to it depends on the costliness of the material.-Edinburgh Cabinet Library, Nubia and Abyssinia. "You saved my life on one occasion," said a beggar to a captain under whom he had served. "Saved your life!" replied the officer; "do you think that I am a doctor?" "No," answered the man; "but I served under you in the battle of ; and when you ran away, I followed, and thus my life was preserved." HOW TO DETECT MR. MACAULAY'S WRITINGS. THE Member for Leeds is known to be a great writer in the Edinburgh Review, and an occasional contributor to other periodicals. A writer in a London Magazine says, he may be at once detected by his standing illustration of the foul Duessa : "Some painters," says the magazine writer, "write their names on their pictures; others use a mark, or symbol, which serves quite as well as the signature to identify their works. In like manner some magazine men sign their names to their contributions; others (for the most part without intending it, be it confessed) use a sign which is quite as distinct as the painter's. A friend of mine who diversifies his graver pursuits by writing facetious poetry and funny prose, never yet indited an article without talking of blowing either his own nose, or somebody else's nose. Well, then, a nose is his sign. But what is Macaulay's sign? Duessa, the enchantress of the Red Cross Knight. In every production of his that I have ever read, from the first that gained him any note to the last he has acknow. ledged, I find this same Duessa. In his gorgeous paper upon Milton, published in 1825, I can well remember that he tells us, certain illusions had cast over the minds of the royalists a spell potent as Duessa's, which made them, like the Red Cross Knight, imagine they were doing battle for 2 ladye-fair, when, in fact, they were fighting in behalf of a foul sorceress! And again, in 1832, I see in this paper on Dumont's Mirabeau :-'During two generations, France was ruled by men, who, with all the vices of Louis XIV., had none of the art by which that magnificent prince passed off his vices for virtues. The people had now to see tyranny naked. That foul Duessa was stripped of her gorgeous ornaments. She had always been hideous; but a strange enchantment had made her fair and glorious in the eyes of her willing slaves. The spell was now broken, the deformity was made manifest; and the lovers, lately so happy and so proud, turned away loathing and horror-struck.' Whenever I detect Duessa in any article cast in that mould of style and thought which belongs to Macaulay, I feel justified in declaring positively that the paper in which the foul enchantress shews is indubitably his!" Now, it is unfortunate that this writer has let the cat out of the bag; for if Mr. Macaulay had really been trafficking so long and steadfastly with the enchantress, we fear that, after this, he will carefully avoid all allusion to her: and how are we to detect him then? However it may be done, we trust it will not be by the rule to know an old Whig-a man, viz., who says directly the reverse of everything he has been saying all his life. FAREWELL. Farewell! farewell! these accents chill Yet why? Since thou to me must still Though to each other we are now No more than formal friends; Each fond remembrance of the past WHAT'S IN A NAME?-It is odd enough that a sheep when dead should turn into mutton, all but its head; for while we ask for a leg or a shoulder of mutton, we never ask for a mutton's head. But there is a fruit which changes its name still oftener. Grapes are so called, when fresh; raisins when dried, and plums when in a pudding. SCIENTIFIC NOTICES. NEW PRINTING MACHINE. MR. J. KITCHEN, Reporter of the Newcastle Journal, has invented a printing press, which, from all we hear of it, bids fair to revolutionize this department of the art— it bears no analogy, even in appearance, to any machine for the purpose hitherto known. The form can be fixed in its place in a single moment, and will, when adjusted, remain stationary until the work is finished. Complete facilities are given for regulating the power, and the quantity of ink, or for overlaying or obtaining register. The same machine will be equally applicable for the smallest job or the largest sheet; it will be perfectly under control, and only require one man during the process of printing or where great speed is wanted, and the work is heavy, a man and a fly boy, whilst it can be sold for the same price as the common press! Mr. Kitchen is now employed in the application to his invention of a clock-work movement, so that the machine may keep a register of its own work, and will thus act as a check upon waste of paper or idleness in the absence of the employer or overseer.-[We give this as we get it. It may be like ninety-nine announcements out of the hundred, premature; but this does not lessen our confidence in the march of improvement.] MODE OF FIXING AND VARNISHING DRAWINGS. To fix pencil or chalk drawings, they should be washed in water, in which a small quantity of isinglass has been dissolved. Any colourless glue will be available. Skimmed milk is used for the same purpose by some, but isinglass is preferable. To varnish the same drawings, after having fixed and thoroughly dried them, pass on them a coat of Spa, or colourless spirit varnish; and, when perfectly dry, a second. These two will be sufficient. The isinglass water must be applied lightly, and never put twice over the same spot, until the first coat be dry, otherwise the drawing will become smeary. Care also must be taken to clear the drawing from every particle of dust before commencing the operation, and to preserve it from the same afterwards, till it be quite dry; otherwise, in the former case, it will be cloudy and smutty, and, in the latter, the particles will so adhere as never to be removed. Finally, the brushes must be perfectly clean. A better plan of passing over the isinglass wash than by means of the brush, is, to pour it into a flat vessel, such as a dish, and insert the drawing into the composition, laying the paper flat immediately afterwards. This will preclude the chance of its becoming smeared, which, in the case of drawings of considerable vigour in touch, or of powerful shading, will occasionally happen to the most cautious user of the brush. -Repertory of Patent Inventions. IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYGRONETRIC WATER CONTAINED IN FLOUR.-Most important researches have recently been carried on by M. M. Payen and Persoz, on the several points in the chemical history of bread, flour and grain. Their observations are not yet published in detail, but we select the following as being one of the very highest commercial dietetic importance. They have found that 100 parts of flour, sold as dry, and imparting no moist stain to blotting-paper, contain, under atmospheric circumstances, 19 per cent. of water, and but 89 of dry or nutritive matter; that flour exposed to moist air contains as much as 23 per cent. water; that the finest flour employed by the bakers, contains 16 per cent. under ordinary circumstances. In summer these proportions of water are reduced, but they are remarkably increased in moist weather. Thus the quantity of flour which by weight, at the rate of 5 per cent. of water, would produce 150lbs. of bread, will produce but 1272lbs., when the same weight of flour is purchased in long continued wet weather. The price of flour should consequently in all seasons be based on the true quantity of dry matter it contains, and which a simple and rapidly performed experiment would exactly indicate. Thus, by placing 100 grains of flour on a plate, and heating this on a vessel of boiling water for one hour, the loss sustained will denote the precise quantity of water mixed with the flour. SCRAPS. HUMANITY. A single trait of this divine principle 12 often gained a hero greater honour and applause than t most brilliant and dazzling achievements. Indeed it m be said to hold the first rank among the moral virtues, a to give a lustre to all the rest. In a military man, but pecially in a victorious commander, it is charming. M borough and Wellington were both great generals; the mer, in addition to his knowledge of the art of war, poss ed all the graces, and felt for all mankind; the latter. composed of "sterner stuff"-uncompromising-uare ing. The following anecdote raises the character of the battle of Blenheim, when victory had declared e former to the climax of earthly fame. Immediately a** favour of the British arms, the Duke observing a s him: "Why so sad, iny friend, after so glorious a victory leaning pensively on the butt of his firelock, thus acc "It may be glorious," replied the brave fellow; "but i thinking that all the blood I have spilt to day has e earned me four pence." To the immortal honour of Duke, let it be recorded, that when he turned aside, a was observed to fall from his cheek. THE ODD FAMILY.-In the reign of William the T there lived in Ipswich, in Suffolk, a family which, 7. the number of peculiarities belonging to it, was disting ed by the name of the Odd Family. Every event, whe good or bad, happened to this family on an odd day af month, and every one of them had something odd in h her person, manner, and behaviour; the very letters in t Christian names always happened to be an odd nu The husband's name was Peter, and the wife's R they had seven children, all boys,-viz. Solomon, R James, Matthew, Jonas, David, and Ezekiel. The busin had but one leg, his wife but one arm. Solomon was her blind of the left eye, and Roger lost his right eye by an acident; James had his left ear pulled off by a boy a quarrel, and Matthew was born with only three fingers a his right hand; Jonas had a stump foot, and David hump-backed; all these, except David, were remarkab short, while Ezekiel was six feet two inches high at the of nineteen; the stump-footed Jonas and the hump-b David got wives of fortune, but no girls would listen the addresses of the rest. The husband's hair was as ba as jet, and the wife's remarkably white; yet every one the children's was red. The husband had the peculiar fortune of falling into a deep saw-pit, where he was starve to death, in the year 1701, and his wife, refusing all k of sustenance, died in five days after him. In the par 1703, Ezekiel enlisted as a grenadier; and, although he was afterwards wounded in twenty-three places, he recovere Then Roger, James, Matthew, Jonas, and David, did different places on the same day, in 1713; and Sol and Ezekiel were drowned together in crossing the Than in the year 1723. CONTENTS OF NO. XLV. ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT-Education-The Formation of Habit THE STORY-TELLER-A Tale of Ninety-Eight,.... Dr. Priestley's Opinion of High Life.-An Effect of Poverty... How to Detect Mr. Macaulay's Writings,... SCIENTIFIC NOTICES-New Printing Machine-Mode of Fixing EDINBURGH: Printed by and for JoHN JOHNSTONE, 19, St. Jam THE AND EDINBURGH WEEKLY MAGAZINE. CONDUCTED BY JOHN JOHNSTONE. THE SCHOOL MASTER IS ABROAD.LORD BROUGHAM. No. 46.-VOL. II. SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1833. PRICE THREE-HALFPENCE. AUTHENTIC LETTERS FROM CANADA. Promise. We shall quote him freely. Though, on subsequent experience, he strongly advises emigrants to proceed to Canada by New York, and up It will we fear, be a long while before authentic the Hudson, he and his friends nine in all, em information from Emigrants to America, ceases to barked at Liverpool, in a Whitehaven vessel, paybe interesting to millions ill at ease at home, and ing L.50 among them, and finding their own proanxious yet afraid to follow in a track which they visions. The captain, who was only going to Que are assured, if pursued with judgment and energy, bec, (for a cargo we presume,) was bound to send will ultimately lead to independence and peace of them free to Montreal with their luggage. Their mind, in the secure and comfortable means of plen- provisions cost L.20; their farther expenses in tiful subsistence, and the settlement of children. Montreal, and in going up the St. Lawrence to The LETTERS Under consideration are of an original Prescott, lodgings, carriage of luggage, &c., &c., and interesting kind. They are written by the with an allowance to convey them to the final point members of two Irish family groups that emigrated, of settlement, was, in all, L.135, or L.15 a-head. the one in 1827, and the other last year. Both They had above seven tons of luggage. Mr. Ma consist of persons of intelligence and education, grath's directions as to the quality and quantity of moving in what are considered the refined classes provisions, tools, seeds, clothing, &c., &c., are of society. They are directly from Ireland, and judicious and minute, and apply to single men, as their respective heads are clergymen. The Rev. well as to families; though he strongly recommends Mr. Magrath, formerly a Rector in the diocese all men to come out married, provided they can of Ferns, went out with his wife, sons, daughter, meet with "cheerful, accommodating, and econonephew, servants-nine persons in all. Of the nu- mizing lasses, with a little of the needful," and, we merous family of the Rev. Mr. Radcliff, thirteen presume, as few boarding school accomplishments individuals, sons, daughters-in-law, grandchildren, as possible-raising a loaf, or making a pumpkin &c., went out last year, after having obtained pie, being far more valued in the bush than the all the information possible from their friends the pretty, or even the fine arts. The articles, besides, Magraths. The writer of the Magrath family is tools (which every man must handle who would Mr. Thomas Magrath, who obtained an appoint- live in comfort in a new settlement,) which Mr. ment from the Governor, as an agent for superin- Magrath directs to be purchased, come to about tending the settlement of emigrants. This situa- L.26, in addition to the ordinary wardrobe and tion gave him many facilities for acquiring useful equipage usually possessed by British gentlemenand accurate information, which he transmitted in as gun, pistols, dressing-case, &c., &c. He thinks, the close of 1830, and the beginning of 1831, to the however, that money is the best commodity a man Rev. Mr. Radcliff for the guidance of his family. can bring. No single gentleman should lay in his The letters, which are just published in Dublin, own ship provisions, as he cannot superintend the are edited by this gentleman; they will be read cooking and economy of them; and all should go with interest, and with advantage by persons of by New York. To that port there are passages to the same class, who are still anxiously ruminating be obtained at all prices, and with every varying the mighty question, "To go, or not to go?" They degree of accommodation; and once there a man will prove of less utility to the labouring classes, may get to York-the central point with all new save in setting them right on the point of the enor settlers who wish for land in Upper Canada-for mously high rate of wages, held out in some flat- L.5, 4s., and by a delightful route. Magrath gives tering accounts of Canada. This is a cruel exag- all the reasons for and against settling at once in geration, which has betrayed many into temporary the bush, that is, on wild land, or for purchasing a distress, and raised the most fallacious expectations. half cleared estate. The choice must often be de Mr. Thomas Magrath is a lively, intelligent Irish-termined by the circumstances of the intending man, uniting to the education and habits of a gentleman of "The Old Country," the temper and energy necessary to success in the new Land of settlers. The Radcliffs, as we shall see, bought wild land; the Magraths, at coming out, instead of ac cepting of a large grant in an unsettled distric preferred to purchase within 18 miles of York, the capital of Upper Canada. "Having purchased our lot of seven hundred acres from Government, for fifteen hundred and seventy dollars, (about L.325 British,) my father, during the period of his residence in York, sent my brothers and myself to erect a log-house on our farm, of which we all took possession immediately after its completion; and when fairly lodged in that, we undertook the building of our present residence, which is a frame-house. "This dwelling is 44 feet by 33, containing three storeys; that under ground is 12 feet high, and built with stone and lime. "Before the house was ready for our reception, we had cleared twenty* acres of the land for wheat, and during the successive operations of brushing, chopping, logging, bura. ing and fencing-my father was obliged to hire workmen. "The land has a miserable appearance when first cleared, the surface and stumps being as black as fire can render them, and these latter standing three feet high, to facilitate their being drawn out by two yoke of oxen when their roots decay, which does not take effect for seven or eight years, (according to the kind of timber) and is more tedious if the land be laid down for grass. ple as can well be imagined. A triangular harrow, the "Our first agricultural proceedings are as rude and sim teeth of which weigh 7 lbs. each, is dragged over the newly prepared ground; its irregular and jumping passage over the roots and loose vegetable earth, scatters the ashes of the burned timber over the entire surface; the wheat is then sown, about one bushel to the acre, and another scrape of the harrow completes the process. "On some portion of his land thus cleared, the new set. "The mode of forming such a house is as follows:"A framer, on receiving the dimensions and plan, cuts out the mortices and prepares the frame. A Bee, which means an assemblage of the neighbours, is then called; and a person well skilled in the business, and termed a Boss, takes the leadership of the active party, who, with the mere mechanical aid of a following, or raising pole, gradually elevates the mighty bents, until the tenants (connecter plants potatoes, turnips, pumpkins, and Indian com, ted with each other by tie beams,) drop into their mortices in the sill, to which, as well as to each other, they are immediately afterwards secured by pins, and in a few hours the skeleton of the house, with its rafters, &c. is ready for shingles and clap boards. merely laying the seed upon the ground, and, with a boe, scratching a sufficient portion of earth and ashes to cover it-a luxuriant crop generally succeeds; (in this district) from twenty to thirty bushels of wheat per acre. The land is sown with Timothy grass and clover in the following easily ascertained whether the seed is sown correctly. spring, while the snow is on the ground, that it may be "After wheat no other crop is taken (generally speaking) except hay, until after the removal of the roots, when the ploughs can work. "It will appear strange to you that a house could be covered in before the sides are finished; and still more so, that the cellar, or basement storey should not be excavated, nor the foundation-walls built up to the sill, until the upper works were completed; but such was our course of "The weight of hay seldom exceeds two tons per scr proceeding. "At the raising of my father's house, seventy kind neigh-all our care we leave much of it uncut, and frequently because mowing on such land, is a work of difficulty; with bours assisted, and worked extremely hard for an entire break our scythes. day, without any recompense whatever, except a plentiful dinner al fresco. "In a few months my brothers and I, who are tolerably handy, with the aid of two carpenters, had the inside finished; and we have now been nearly three years inhabiting a truly comfortable house, quite in the home fashion, except that it has the advantage of a verandah, (not very common in Ireland,) on three sides, (supported by pillars and secured by railing,) into which we can walk from our bed-rooms, and enjoy the delightful air of the summer and autumn mornings. "This verandah is 12 feet in breadth. We pass our leisure hours in it during the fine weather, choosing the shady and sheltered side, according to the sun, or wind; and frequently sitting there with candles until bed-time; with the occasional annoyance, however, of the troublesome moskitoes;-but where can we expect to find perfect enjoyment? "When we had completed the house, we raised a barn, sixty feet by thirty-six, and eighteen feet in height, with an ice-house, root-house, and summer dairy beneath it, which cost us, in cash for hired labour, only twelve dollars to a framer, and the price of some nails, worth about 2s. 10d. "We had a second Bee for the raising of this, which was effected in five hours, and on this occasion were able to supply our obliging neighbours, who again volunteered their valuable services, with an abundant dinner and supper in the dwelling-house; and to gratify them with a little music. "To reduce the expense in harvest time, we use cradle scythes to cut all the grain, although they do not make quite as clean work as the sickles. "A good cradler will take down from two to three acres of wheat in a day. Gleaning is not worth the attention of the wild pigeons of which the flocks are sometimes miles even a child; the scattered grains go to the sustenance d in length. "It is an advantageous circumstance for the clearing ef this country, that the settler finds it his advantage to bring in fresh land every year. Some emigrants, who are with others prepare their land by girdling the trees, which, out capital or assistance, exhaust their first clearance; and though it kills them, and allows vegetation under and around them, is an injudicious mode, as they frequently fall either on the fences or on the crops, or, what is worse, on the cattle, and occasion annual and often very incon venient labour to remove them. "We had a very spirited manager for the Canada company in this neighbourhood-Mr. Galt-whose various publications bear strong evidence of his literary powers, and whose foresight and perseverance, acting upon a great scale, would eventually have produced a wonderful in provement, in advancing the most important interests ef this country. "The London merchants, however, composing the Canad company, did not approve of the expenditure of too much "The floor of this barn would surprise you; it is sup-diate return, and recalled him, placing in his room th of their cash on general improvements, without an imm ported by twenty-three beams of wood, eighteen inches square with two courses of three-inch plank over them. There is in fact as much timber in the floor alone, as would cost you more than a hundred pounds. "With us it is a cheap commodity, and it is less expensive to draw and use it in great bulk, than to send it to the saw mill to be reduced to smaller scantlings. The cause of the double flooring of thick plank is that (the timber being fresh) the grain, which would be lost through the opening joints of a single floor may be saved, by having those joints covered by a second tier of boards. "My two brothers, James and Charles, unassisted, cut eighteen thousand shingles for the roof, and laid them on, besides siding and flooring the barn. No idle hours here! Hon. William Allen, and Messrs. Thomas Mercer Jone! and Dunlop, better known by the name of Tiger Dunki -the last, though not least, of whom is Warden of the woods and forests-all excellent and honourable men, whe will conscientiously do their duty, and may, perhaps, even. tually reap the advantage of Mr. Galt's wisdom and exer tions. before he can have an overplus for market, why then shouldi “An individual emigrant must expend capital and toil They have subsequently cleared about 20 acres every year, and now have for cropping 150 acres. communication of the sap being interrupted the trunk perishion This is done by cutting through the bark in rings, by which thư |