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ing in very poetical language.
« Snow, the Inspired man
sings, is beautiful in its season. It was mought forhim, sit.
ting with his lasses and his wives, to say sae *** had he been

rental; and it is not too much to allege, that of all trades and manufactures, agriculture is that which, in regard of the capital employed in it, is immeasurably behind. And who is to blame? Why is it, that in the present glut of capital, no more is applied to farming? The answer is a dry-stane diker he would have said nae sic thing. As for easy, for the blame rests with the LANDLORD. He, and he me, I never see snaw at my window, but I lang to fa' asleep alone, by his narrow and blindly selfish policy, has done the he agains and I ne'er wish to step over the door-stane, till evil, and still struggles to perpetuate it. He it is, whose am sure I can set my foot on the bloom o' three gowans." greed of the golden eggs has induced him so nearly to kill —Allan Cunningham's Notes to "Up in the Morning the goose. By his senseless and selfish law of hypothec, he has withdrawn his land from the field of free competition, Early." and supplanted the capitalist, by the regardless and halfstarved desperado. By his bellowing about the Corn Laws, he has kept the country in a state of suspense, and every market wavering. And by that most admirable malcontrivance, the Entail Law, he has got up the most effective barrier to all improvement ever invented by the wit of man! This system he calls protecting agriculture, and it is because of his fears of their innovating upon this system a system dear to him as the very apple of his eye -that he swears against Reformers and the Reform Bill. -Fife Herald. ·

GOOD NIGHT! GOOD NIGHT!

THE sun is sunk, the day is done,
E'en stars are setting one by one,
Nor torch nor taper longer may
Eke out the pleasures of the day;
And since in social glee's despite,

It needs must be-Good Night! Good Night!

The bride into her bower is sent,
And ribald rhyme and jesting spent ;
The lover's whispered words and few,
Have bade the bashful maid adieu;

The dancing-floor is silent quite,

Some love the din o' the dancers' feet
To the music leaping rarely;
Some love the kiss and the stolen word
Wi' the lass that loves them dearly;
But I love best the well-made bed,

Spread warm, and feal, and fairly;
For up in the morning's no for me,
Up in the morning early.

ON VEGETABLE STRUCTURE, AND
THE BRITISH
OAK. A knowledge of the internal structure of the vege
table body assists greatly in explaining the modifications
of its external form. All wood is tubular and cellular, and
the different weight, colour, taste, smell, &c. of oak, ebony,
poplar, cedar, sandal, and so forth, depend not on the lig
neous structure itself, but on the matter the cells contain;
for, if ebony be steeped in any fluid which will dissolve
the black matter with which its cells are filled, it will be
come as light and as pale as poplar. But to the example.
There are two, if not three species of British oak, (the
third species is by some, however, considered only a variety;)
one of these alone produces strong and lasting timber fit for
naval purposes, i. e. which will endure, unchanged, the tran-
sitions from wet to dry, from heat to cold, and remain un
hurt between wind and water. This difference depends on

No foot bounds there-Good Night! Good Night! the tubes just mentioned conveying to the cells of which the

The lady in her curtained bed,

The herdsman in his wattled shed,

The clansmen in the heathered hall-
Sweet sleep be with you, one and all!
We part in hopes of days as bright

As this now gone-Good Night! Good Night!
Joanna Baillie.

SCRAPS.
Original and Selected.

A PLOUGH-DAY-OLD CUSTOMS.

We like all old customs more or less, but especially those which promote good neighbourhood, as the quiltings and huskings of our descendants in America, and the ploughday of the northern parts of Yorkshire, where it is customary to give a tenant, who enters on a new farm, the use of all the ploughs in the country round, to get the ground ready to receive the seed. Eighty ploughs have been at one of these friendly matches. The following preparations were made by a farmer's wife for the entertainment of her husband's assistants, at the close of their day's labour :Twelve bushels of wheat baked into loaves, and fifty-one rich currant dumplings. Upwards of two hundred pounds of beef, two large hams, fourteen pounds of peas in peaspudding. Three large Cheshire cheeses, and two Yorkshire cheeses, weighing twenty-eight pounds each, formed the dessert to this national banquet of MERRY ENGLAND; the whole washed down by ninety-nine gallons of ale, and two of rum, for drams. This ploughing feast was given near Guesborough, about twenty years ago. It wanted nothing to make it complete, save the presence of William Cobbett. EARLY RISING IN WINTER.A peasant of Nithsdale once expressed to me his horror at braving a winter's morn

mass of wood consists, a substance different in solubility in the different species; so that, when the timber of the one is wet, part of the inspissated extract is dissolved and borce away; and when this is repeatedly done, the cells become more and more void, and the timber light and spongy, 80 that, during cold weather, the water within is freezing and be coming expanded, the cells and tubes are ruptured, and consequently more readily let in fresh water and let out the solid matter it dissolves; and these successive crops of icicles soon form chinks and rents, extending for many feet. Now, oak is frequently contracted for in building ships and mill-work, flood-gates, locks, and so forth, merely as oak, and often, either from ignorance or fraud, the perishable timber is purveyed instead of the enduring wood; but a knowledge of vegetable structure can, by the aid of a very simple experiment, easily detect the fallacy or fraud.— Burnet's Botanical Lecture.

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THE

AND

EDINBURGH WEEKLY MAGAZINE.

CONDUCTED BY JOHN JOHNSTONE.

THE SCHOOL MASTER IS ABROAD. LORD BROUGHAM.

No. 21.-VOL. I. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1832. PRICE THREE-HALFPENCE.

CHRISTMAS.

England was merry England, when
Old Christmas brought his sports again;
Twas Christmas broached the mightiest ale,
'Twas Christinas told the merriest tale;
A Christmas gambol oft would cheer
A poor man's heart for half the year.

Nor failed old Scotland to produce,

At such high tide, her savoury goose. A delightful volume could be collected of what is genial, beautiful, and full of the poetry of real life, written and spoken about this great social festival of the Christian world—this season of mer. riment that is more heart-felt than boisterous feasts that are more social than stately, the time of the knitting up of broken attachments, and of the renewal of decaying intimacies; when the friends of youth are affectionately recalled, and old loves freshly remembered. In our own country we have sometimes regretted that the severity of Presbyterian discipline forbids that religion should mingle with, and lend its sanctions to the commemoration of Christmas,-what better preparation could there be for the cheerful, social banquet of the evening, than the temple-service of the morning? And then, what a time for levelling sermonsf rom a minister, who feels the spirit, and comprehends the true genius of the Christian system. Sermons which should tell of the common origin, the common lot, and the self-same destinies of men; sharers in a common ruin, and inheritors of the same salvation! How appropriate the commemoration to exhortations to an enlarged and tender charity of mind, to the preservation of the spirit of unity, in the bond of peace, and to the cultivation of the graces and affections enjoined by the divine being, of whom the religious rites of Christmas, are an affecting remembrance. Holding these opinions of the many fine things that have been said, and that might be said of Christmas-tide, we must admire the following Eliaean sketch, connecting cheering faith with cheerful practice:—

"In this spirit our pastor preaches to us always, but most particularly on Christmas-day; when he takes occasion to enlarge on the character and views of the divine person who is supposed then to have been born, and sends us home more than usually rejoicing. On the north side of the church at M. are a great many holly trees. It is from these that our dining and bed-rooms are furnished

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with boughs.

Families take it by turns to entertain their friends. They meet early; the beef and pudding are noble; the mince-pies-peculiar; the nuts half playthings and half-eatables; the oranges as cold and acid as they ought to be, furnishing us with a superfluity which we can afford to laugh at; the cakes indestructible; the wassail bowls generous, old English, huge, demanding ladles, threatening overflow as they come in, solid with roasted apples when set down. Towards bed-time you hear of elder-wine, and not seldom of punch. At the manor-house it is pretty much the same as elsewhere. Girls, although they be ladies, are kissed under the mistletoe. If any family among us happen to have hit upon an exquisite brewing, they send some of it round about, the squire's house included; and he does the same by the rest. Riddles, hot-cockles, forfeits, music, dances sudden and not to be suppressed, prevail among great and small; and from two in the day to midnight, M. looks like a deserted place out of doors, but is full of life and merriment within. Playing at knights and ladies last year, a jade of a charming creature must needs send me out for a piece of ice to put in her wine. It was evening and a hard frost. I shall never forget the cold, cutting, dreary, dead look of every thing out of doors, with a wind through the wiry trees, and the snow on the ground, contrasted with the sudden return to warmth, light and joviality.

"I remember we had a discussion that time, as to what Many were for mince-pie; some for the beef and plumwas the great point and crowning glory of Christmas. pudding; more for the wassail-bowl; a maiden lady ti midly said, the mistletoe; but we agreed at last, that although all these were prodigious, and some of them exclusively belonging to the season, the fire was the great indispensable. Upon which we all turned our faces towards it, and began warming our already scorched hands. A great blazing fire, too big, is the visible heart and soul of Christmas. You may do without beef and plum-pudding; even the absence of mince-pie may be tolerated; there must be a bowl, poetically speaking, but it need not be absolutely wassail. The bowl may give place to the bottle. a huge, heaped-up, over heaped-up, all-attracting fire, with a semicircle of faces about it, is not to be denied us. It is the lar and genius of the meeting; the proof positive of the season; the representative of all our warm emotions and bright thoughts; the glorious eye of the room; the inciter to mirth, yet the retainer of order; the amalgamater of the age and sex; the universal relish. Tastes may differ even on a mince-pie; but who gainsays a fire? The absence of other luxuries still leaves you in possession of that; but

Who can hold a fire in his hand

But

With thinking on the frostiest twelfth-cake ? Let me have a dinner of some sort, no matter what, and then give me my fire, and my friends, the humblest glass of wine, and a few penn'orths of chestnuts, and I will still make out my Christmas. What! Have we not Burgundy in our blood? Have we not joke, laughter, repartee, bright eyes, comedies of other people, and comedies of our own songs, memories, hopes ́"

GERMAN CORISTMAS CUSTOMS-HOUSEHOLD AFFECTION.

LOADING THE COURT OF SİNDE. 12.

The silence which reigned within the fort formed a strong

contrast to the noise and tumult without. After passing the immediate retainers of the court, I found myself unthrough some narrow streets, which were inhabited only by expectedly among a crowd of well-dressed. Sindians, in a large open area, the walls of which, on either side, were fancifully decorated with paintings, and the ground covered with variegated carpets. At one end appeared three large arched doors with curtains of green baize, towards one of which I was led by the vizier and another officer; and before I could collect myself from the suddenness of the transition, my boots were taken off, and I stood in presence of the Ameers.

གས་ལྟས།ཟླ

The coup d'œil was splendid. I had an opportunity of seeing the whole reigning family at a glance, and I have certainly never witnessed any spectacle which was more gratifying, or approached nearer to the fancies we indulge in childhood, of eastern grandeur. The group formed a semicircle of elegantly attired figures, at the end of a lofty hall spread with Persian carpeting. In the centre were seated the two principal Ameers on their musnud, a slightly elevated cushion of French white satin, beautifully worked with flowers of silk and gold, the corners of which were secured by four massive and highly-chased golden ornaments, resembling pineapples, and, together, with a large velvet pillow behind, covered with rich embroidery, presenting a very grand appearance. On each side, their Highnesses were supported by the members of their family, consisting of their nephews, Meer Sobdar and Mahommed, and the sons of Mourad Ali, Meers Noor Mahommed, and Nusseer Khan. Farther off sat their more distant relations, among whom were Meer Mahmood, their uncle, and his sons Ahmed Khan, and Juhan Khan. crowd of well-dressed attendants, sword and shield bearers to the different princes. To an European, and one accus tomed to form his notions of native ceremony by a much humbler standard, it was particularly gratifying to observe the taste displayed in dress, and the attention to cleanliness, in the scene before me. There was no gaudy show of tinsel or scarlet; none of that mixture of gorgeousness and dirt to be seen at the courts of most Hindoo princes, but, on the contrary, a degree of simple and becoming elegance, far surpassing anything of the kind it had ever been a fortune to behold. The Ameers and their attendants were

Coleridge, in the Friend, describes a German CHRISTMAS USAGE, which, to us, appears beautifully characteristic o. that domestic and sensible people. The NEW YEAR'S DAY GIFTS of the French, is the same custom modified by the national charac.. ter of the Gallic race. "The children," says Coleridge; "make little presents to their parents, and to each other, and the parents to their children. For three or four months before Christmas, the girls are all busy, and the boys save up their pocket-money to buy those presents. What the present is to be, is cautiously kept secret; and the girls have a world of contrivances to conceal it such as working when they are on visits, and the others are not with them-getting up before daylight, &c.; then, on the evening before Christmasday, one of the parlours is lighted up by the chil.. dren, into which the parents must not go; a great yew-bough is fastened on the table, at a little distance from the wall. A multitude of little tapers are fixed in the bough. Under this bough the children lay out the presents they mean for their parents, still concealing in their pockets what they intend for each other. Then the parents are introduced, and each presents his little gift; they then bring out the remainder, one by one, from their pockets, and present them with kisses and embraces. Where I witnessed this scene, there were eight or nine children, and the eldest daughter and the mother wept aloud for joy and tender ness, and the tears ran down the face of the father, and he clasped all his children so tight to his breast, it seemed as if he did it to stifle the sob that was rising within it. I was very much affected. The shadow of the bough, and its appendages on the wall, made a pretty picture; and then the raptures of the very little ones, when at last the twigs and their habited nearly alike, in angricas or tunics of fine white spikes began to take fire, and snap. O, it was a de-muslin, neatly prepared and plaited so as to resemble di light to them! On the next day, Christmas-day, in mity, with cummerbunds or sashes of silk and gold, wide the great parlour, the parents lay out on a table the Turkish trowsers of silk, tied at the ankle, chiefly dark presents for the children; a scene of more sober joy blue, and the Sindian caps I have already described, made of gold brocade, or embroidered velvet. A pair of cashsucceeds; as on this day the mother says privately mere shawls of great beauty, generally white, thrown ne to her daughters, and the father to his sons, that gligently over the arm, and a Persian dagger at the girdle, which he has observed most praiseworthy, and that richly ornamented with diamonds, or precious stones, comwhich was most faulty in their conduct." So says pleted the dress and decoration of each of the princes. Coleridge. We recollect some late traveller in Germany, whose name has escaped us, describing the bitter distress of a peasant girl with whom he walked for some time in company, not for her own poverty, but that she should not be able to make Christmas presents to her parents and friends.

FRENCH CHRISTMAS CUSTOM.

At Marseilles, and in many other places in France, on Christmas eve, all of the same blood, residing in the same neighbourhood, are invited to a slight maigre supper with the senior of the family; after which the united households go to gether to midnight mass. Next morning, Christmas, they again repair to the church to mass, from their several dwellings, and when the service is ended, return to the house of the common ancestor, where a joyous feast is prepared, followed by ll manner of in .door amusements.

Behind stood a

Viewing the family, generally, I could not but admire their manners and deportment, and acknowledge that, în appearance at least, they seemed worthy of the elevation they had gained. The younger Princes, indeed, had an air of diguity and good breeding seldom to be met with, either in the European or native character. The principal Amer were the least respectable of the party in point of looks: probably from having had less advantages, and more exposure to hardships in early life. They are, in reality, older, but did not appear above the age of fifty, from the very careful manner in which their beards and hair are stained. With one exception, there is little family likeness between them and the younger chiefs, who have inherited from their mothers fair complexions, jet black hair, with long eyelashes and eyebrows. Meer Nusseer Khan struck me at once as a particularly handsome man.

The general style of the Sinde Court could not fail to excite my admiration, as much as the appearance of the Ameers. All the officers in attendance, judging from the dress and manners, seemed to be of superior rank. There was no crowding for places; the rabble had been shut entirely out of doors; and there was a degree of stillness and

solemnity throughout the whole, and an order and decorum in the demeanour of each individual, which, together with the brilliant display I have mentioned, impressed me with a feeling of awe and respect I could not have anticipated. It is scarcely necessary, after what I have described, to say that their Highnesses received me in a state durbar.-The native agent, who had accompanied the two last embassies from our Government, was present, and assured me that the arrangements on this occasion, and the nature of my reception, were very different, indeed, far superior, to any ceremonial he had seen during a residence of twenty years in Sinde. Burnet's Visit to Sinde.

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THE subjoined letter was written, last spring, by an intelligent gentlemanys 17

Gambier, Ohio, 1832. Dear FriendsAnxious to fulfil my promise, I resume my pen. in order to give you an outline of what I have seen and thought since my last letter: I am encumbered with considerable perplexity, as notwithstanding I have received several requests to proceed with this correspondence, yet I have also received one of a contrary nature from an individual whose approbation I hardly dare endanger. I have hesitated-but being overcome with the paramount obligation to posterity, of making an endeavour to perform the duty of leaving the world a little better than we found it, I will make an effort to give you my feelings and opinions, with candour and milduess. Moreover. I would say, to those who may chance to read this, that I came a voluntary exile to this my adopted country and that before any one has a right to leave his own paternal soil, be has an account to balance with his duties; first to society, and next with his family. If a man has the means of supporting and properly educating his children at home, there is his post of duty; if a man is single, still more, home is his post of duty he is one of a class whose chief business is to assist in regenerating his country. But if the father of a numerous family has striven, with industry and economy, to provide a frugal maintenance and proper education for his sons and daughters, without success, then surely he is bound in affection and office, if there be a spot on the face of the earth where he can accomplish it, to transplant them, no matter with ho many inconveniences to himself.

and propriety. The members of both houses debated extem.
poraneously and with facility.
Ohio was first settled in 1788. In 1789 it was put under a
1802, it was erected into an independent state. Having a pòpu-
territorial government, and called the western territory; and a
lation of upwards of 40,000, the territories are admitted us
states, electing a governor and legislature-they form a con-
stitution and government of their own, subject to the general
confederacy of the Union. There are no 24 states, three ter-
ritories, and the district of Columbia, which environs the city
of Washington, and is under the immediate government of Con
gress. The territory of Michigan will be admitted into the
Union next year, containing now upwards of 31,000; that of
Florida, 19,000; and Arkansus, 20,000. Ohio contains, ac-
cording to the census of last year, 937,670-in 1790, only
3000; the increase during the last ten years being 61 per cent,
she is as to population, the fourth state of the Union. The
whole population of states and territories is, according to the
same document, 12,856,171; an increase of 33 per cent in the
same period.

The Government of the United States, at its first institution, established a system of an official census of the inhabitants at regular decimal periods. This was rendered necessary in a primary point of importance, as the apportionment of the representatives from the different states to the general Congress is regulated thereby the number of inhabitants which are to send a representative is now, on the result of this last census, being fixed by Congress. This number is not yet decided, but will be somewhere between 45, and 48,000. Of course each state sends as many as there are, say 48,000 in its population. I should have said above that the territories are admitted states, when they have the definite number, as above, of the last pres ceding apportionment, which continues in force until the ensuing

census.

Independently of this object, I need not direct your attention to the interest and importance of such documents; their usefulness might be much increased by embracing other subjects, as inhabited houses, houses of public worship, colleges, schools, number of pupils, the resources of the inhabitants in manufac tures and agriculture, the number of horses, sheep, &c.

There are in the Union, 59 colleges, 21 theological semin, aries, all Protestant, and 5 Catholic, 17 medical schools under the different names of colleges and universities, and nine law schools, 150 Jewish synagogues, 12 Roman Catholic bishops, From this sequestered spot, five miles from the nearest vil. 12 Protestant Epi-copal ditto, and 4 Methodist Episcopal ditto, fage, and fully occupied with my studies, I fear this letter will 9,789 ministers, independent of Roman Catholic, or Jewish be less animating and interesting than if I were travelling and priests, and a countless number of common and private schools, portraying fresh scenery and modern towns. I have taken The state of Ohio contains upwards of 24,810,000 acres a but one short journey of 45 miles out, and I did enjoy a ride of and at present it would be an arduous undertaking to get into a that distance in a sleigh with two friends, gliding on the surface western territory as you must traverse the states of Indiof the snow at a rapid rate, drawn by a pair of fine horses, the ana, Illinois, and Missouri, a distance greater tha. we travelled distance easily accomplished from sun-rise to evening, pulling from New York hence; all three settled since Ohio. Qua up twice to bait. The country was partially grazed, and vil. amongst other reasons for turning my attention towards this lages at eight or ten miles distance; but chiefly over roads ent state, was this, ofter having read over for the purpose of decid through apparently endless and impermeable forests, thicking on the constitutions of all the states, I preferred hers, Ja densely thick-with most magnificent timber: oak, black wal this country, you are aware every thing must have a connut, beech, hickory, &c., from 100 to 120 feet in height. stitution, a book club, or an anti-tobacco socioty, no mat These woods are to be purchased at less than L.1 per acre. ter what; if five people unite for any social or useful purpose, ranged now only by wild deer and turkeys, (some of which we they cannot be governed by two or three plain rules, they saw,) but becoming gradually located, numbers of fresh settlers must have a constitution,, However, the constitution of this pouring in every year. The winter, which we have just passed, permits no slavery, and admits to the right of suffrage all mal was acknowledged by all the papers of the Union to have been inhabitants above the age of 21. The founders of Ohio saw unusually severe; the thermometer out of doors for one or two what all the world now sees, except your aristocracy, this morning was 10° below Zero-on most days several degrees henceforward, if people are to be governed at all, they inust k below freezing in my study, until the fire was lighted, when self-governed. To this point European nations are marching my stove soon brought it up to temperate or summer heat; the onward; impediments and resistance they will of course neek ink several times froze in my pen early in the morning before with; but the result is certain and irresistible as the progress the air felt its influence; the atmosphere almost uniformly of time. The means of preserving order in society, włuch bright and clear, and a number of warm days interspersed have hitherto been relied on, are growing every day more in throughout the season. We did not experience inconvenience effectual. Mere policy and power, brute force can no longer from the cold,-not even the children-activity, when out of do it with any prospect of permanency; and nothing can give doors in the Incid atmosphere on the frozen snow, and abun- security to person or property, without which life is a very bur dance of fires within, preserved them. The snow is now all den: but by admitting men to participate in the regulations of gone, and the winter broke up last week, with a great increase their own imposts and laws, They have been taught that they temperature and surcharged electrical air, which passed off have been endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable by thunder-storm and rain; the frost is out of the ground, and rights, and that, to secure those rights, Governments are insti all are buoyant for spring. tuted, deriving just powers from the consent of the governed. The only great principles, which can enabla man to control themselves, and make it unnecessary for those in power to abridge their rights, so as to give a new power to laws, by making them less necessary, are education and the Gospel. No other causes are adequate to this effect and it remains with legislators and Christians to do their duty, sod apply these renovating principles to the social system, and then such soones as you had at Bristol will ease to be enacted.

I obtained in January five days' leave of absence, and made the journey above noticed to Columbus, the state town, to be present at a sitting of the legislative body, senate, and house of representatives, the former elected biennially, the latter annually, by ballot. Their proceedings, as well those of the court of Justice, (which I witnessed,) were conducted with perfect order and decorum, not with the adventitious aid of wigs and robes, or mace-bearers, but in plain clothes, and by the force of reason

33

his appointment to the office. It must have been originally black; but time had mellowed it down to the appearance of a sober green, which was what Erskine meant by his allusion to its colour.

I have seen him sit at Guildhall, in the month of July, in a pair of black leather breeches; and the exhibition of shoes frequently soled afforded equal proof of the attention which he paid to economy in every article of his dress. His gown was silk, but had a better title to that of everlasting, from its unchanged length of service. He held a pocket handkerchief to be an unnecessary piece of luxury, and therefore dispensed with the use of one; he found a sufficient substitute in his emunctory powers, which were sminently attractive.

His equipage was in perfect keeping with his personal appearance, and was such as to draw down the gibes of malevolence, the sneer of ill nature, and the regret of those who held him in any respect, while it provoked the ridicule even of them. The carriage which conveyed the Lord Chief Justice and his suite to Westminster Hall, had all the appearance and splendour of one of those hackney coaches which are seen on the stand, with a coronet and supporters, the cast-off carriage of a peer or foreign ambassador. Though the seats were occupied by the Lord Chief Justice himself and his officers, in bags and swords, the eye was involuntarily directed to the panel to look for the number of the coach, as its appearance, and that of the horses which drew it, confirmed the impression that it had been called off the stand. They moved with the most temperate gravity, and seemed to require the frequent infliction of the whip to make them move at all.

The Governor of Ohio concluded his late address to the State Legislature with the following enlightened and benevolent remarks"Having experienced much inconvenience and frequent embarrassment from the want of a more liberal education, I feel more sensibly the great importance of securing to the rising generation the benefits of instruction; and I most earnestly recommend to you, gentlemen, a continuation of those laudable efforts which have hitherto characterised our Legislature for the promotion of education. Our schools and colleges, from that valuable institution the Sunday School, up to those of the highest grade, should always claim the most favourable consideration of our Legislators. A well-educated and religious people only are capable of self-government-the greatest temporal blessing which Heaven has bestowed upon man." An Act was passed to provide for the "support and regulation of common schools," levying a direct tax of "three-fourths of a mite" on the dollar, being 1000th part on the ad valorem amount of taxable property. The whole amount of taxes, for 1831, was an average of 62 cents for every inhabitant, levied on real property, but giving the above numerical average. The purposes to which they were applied were " For canal purposes.' (The State has two canals, public property, forming an internal artificial navigation of three hundred and seventy-five miles, independent of the Ohio river navigation, extending across the whole of the south and nearly the whole of the eastern boundaries of the state; for steam-boats of the largest size from Pittsburg in Pensylvania to the gulph of Mexico.)" For state purposes, county schools, townships, roads, and other private purposes." This, then, is as far as fiscal circumstances are concerned; we exchange the excise laws and duties the poor-laws the assessed taxes, the inhabited house duty and window tax, not omitting the tithe and game laws-for 2s. 74d. ! I will now add a list which I obtained from a gentleman engaged in mercantile pursuits, of the prices in this neighbourhood of labour and produce: common labourers engaged in agricultural employment 33 to 88 cents per day; mechanics and artisans, such as stone cutters, masons, carpenters, and joiners, 60 to 75 cents per day; millers, shoe-makers, smiths, &c. about 60 ditto, Produce; wheat 50 to 75 cents per bushel, of 32lbs. ; corn, (maize), rye, buck wheat, and barley, one half the above; oats, and potatoes, 16 to 25 ditto; fresh beef per 100lbs, 2 to 3 dollars; pork the same; butter and cheese 6 to 10 cents; good cows 10 to 12 dollars; turkeys 25 cents; fowls 8 to 12 a-couple; horses 30 to 80 dollars, of course very variable according to age and breed. Land also varies according to location and quality. I this week purchased 136 acres (taking the farm of the Exchange) for L.150, a mile and a half from our College, but being the nearest point that any one can approach, the village and Institution being situated in the centre of a square to the near-effected with great taste, but with the accustomed view to est point of which the line extends one mile and a half.

That necessary instrument to rouse their latent spirit, was consigned to the unsparing hand of a coachman whose figure and appearance perfectly harmonized with the rest of the appointment. There is an appropriate dress for the different description of servants; and a triangular bat is generally considered part of the costume of a coachman. Whether it was a sacrifice which Lord Kenyon made to fashion, or the vanity of the individual himself which prompted him to adopt it, I will not presume to say but it seemed to both to be necessary that his lordship's coachman should appear with that important symbol of his station. He therefore adopted the appropriate mark of distinction, a three-cornered hat. This appeared to have been

economy. A hat slouched down before, the former orna. I need not point out to you the proper mode of considering ment of his head, was, by a neat metamorphosis, changed the price of food, &c. with those of labour. Take the very into a cocked one, by turning up the flap, and making it lowest case, the labourer earns, half of a bushel of wheat, or a bushel of barley, or one and a half of potatoes, or quarter of the base of the triangle; and, lest it should prove refractory a hundred of beef or pork, a half dozen pounds of cheese, or under its new regime, it was kept in its place, and the per potatoes, butter, &c. daily. Thus his six days would bring him pendicular procured, by the aid of a pin. The rest of his an ample variety-an abundance and there is ample and abun-dress seemed to be selected from the choicest stores of Mondant employment for all, and more than all.

LORD KENYON.

His dress was the threadbare remains of what might once have been appropriate costume, the sable relics of which frugality had piously preserved. These rare habiliments irresistibly produced a smile at their singularity, from the sterling marks which they bore of studied parsimony and mean economy. The were they daily subjects of joke or comment at the Bar, when the Lord Chief Justice appeared and took his seat on the bench. I happened to be in conversation with Lord (then Mr.) Erskine at Guildhall, before Lord Kenyon arrived there. When he entered the court, Pope's lines in the Dunciad, on Settle the poet, came across me, and I quoted them involuntarily

"Known by the band and suit which Settle wore His only suit for twice three years before." "The period of six years," said Erskine, laughing, "during which that poet had preserved his full-trimmed suit in bloom, seemed to Pope to be the maximum of economy; but it bears no proportion to Kenyon's. I remember the green coat which he now has on for at least a dozen years." He did not exaggerate its claims to antiquity. When I last saw the learned lord, he had been Lord Chief Justice for nearly fourteen years, and his coat seemed to be coeval with

mouth Street, with equal regard to taste and frugality.

Lord Kenyon was a man of religious habits, and properly discountenanced any light allusion, in a speech or conver sation, to the Bible, or to the service of the Church. I recollect the ludicrous but unexpected reception which a mem ber of the circuit met with on telling him the following anecdote of Lord Chief Baron Yelverton, of the Court of Exchequer in Ireland; I think it was my excellent and much-lamented friend Nolan, who was a native of that country. He was a man of the purest morals, not-wanting in religious feelings, but who did not carry his senti ments of strict discipline as far as the learned lord. He seemed to think that an anecdote of an Irish judge would afford some amusement to the Chief Justice, but he unluckily happened to mistake the character of the tale which suited his taste, and so hit upon one not quite in accord. ance with his sentiments, on subjects connected with the Church. He addressed himself to Lord Kenyon with the seeming anticipation of the mirthful effect which it would produce, by telling him that Lord Chief Baron Yelverton once went a Lent circuit, and one of the assize towns happened to be where one of his college contemporaries was beneficed. The reverend gentleman, anxious to make a display of his zeal and talents, and at the same time to shew his respect for the Chief Baron, asked permission from the

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