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ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT.

RICH AND POOR.

Affairs were in this posture, when I was at once grieved, letter was written with the warmest zeal, and received with and relieved by the unexpected recall of our young visiters. the most cordial graciousness or that Ellen, though shedTheir father had complet d his business in Ireland, and ding sweet tears, bore the shock of joy better than the shock as eager to return to his dear home, and his dear chil- of grief, or that the twin sisters were married on the same hen; Charlotte's lover, too, was ordained, and was im- day, at the same altar, each to the man of her heart, and atient to possess his promised treasure. The intended each with every prospect of more than common felicity. ridegroom was to arrive the same evening to escort the Fair sisters, and the journey was to take place the next lay. Imagine the revulsion of feeling produced by a short mote, a bit of folded paper-the natural and redoubled ostasy of Charlotte, the mingled emotions of Ellen. rept bitterly: at first she called it joy-joy that she should gain see her dear father; then it was grief to lose her Charotte: grief to part from me ; but, when she threw herself in anwell embrace on the neck of Miss Falkner, whose broher happened to be absent for a few days on business, the ith appeared to burst upon her at once, in a gush of ay that seemed likely to break her heart. Miss Falkwas deeply affected; begged her to write to her often, y often; loaded her with the gifts of little price, the neless tokens which affection holds so dear, and stole of her fair ringlets in return. "This is the curl which William used to admire," said she; "have you no message or poor William ?"-Poor Ellen! her blushes spoke, and tears which dropped from her downcast eyes; but she dno utterance. Charlotte, however, came to her relief h a profusion of thanks and compliments; and Ellen, ing with a violence that would not be controlled, at left Holly-grove.

OUR rich and our very poor are almost equally ignorant, and equally enslaved by prejudice. The one class have their minds occupied with notions of fashion, ancestry, power, distinction, and separation from the rest of mankind, whom they look upon, not as intellectual and moral beings, but as a sort of inheritance, to be turned, like their estates, to their own account; while the other look upon all above them, not as holders of capital, without which there would be no useful employment beyond that of picking up the few natural productions of the soil, but as a sort of natural enemies, leagued together to enslave and coerce all below them. Which is most in the right? The idle

classes occupy the highest stations of society, and are looked up to with respect and reverence. Whatever they do is necessarily imitated. As all their natural wants are supplied, they have nothing to do but fancy" low, unreal" wants. Their imaginations are racked to hunt up new gratifications. They indulge in all sorts of expensive vanities; and, setting the fashion, what they indulge in out of idleness and whim, is also sought after by all below them.

The next day we, too, lost our dear young friends. Oh, hat a sad day it was! how much we missed Charlotte's night smile, and Ellen's sweet complacency! We walked writ desolate and forlorn, with the painful sense of want and insufficiency, and of that vacancy in our home, and at rboard, which the departure of a cherished guest is sure THE INFERIOR GENTRY-EFFECTS OF TAXATION.— cocision. To lament the absence of Charlotte, the dear anotte, the happiest of the happy, was pure selfishness; The gentry of small fortune have disappeared. The Ameof the aching heart of Ellen, my dearer Ellen, I could | rican war bore hard upon them, but the last has crushed 4 bear to think—and yet I could think of nothing else, them. Inheriting what to their forefathers had been an call up no other image than her pale and trembling ample subsistence, they have found themselves step by step ira, weeping and sobbing as I had seen her at Holly-curtailed of the luxuries, and at last of the comforts of life, ve: she haunted even my dreams.

Farly the ensuing morning I was called down to the shotel, and found him in the garden. He apologized for Unseasonable intrusion; talked of the weather, then of he loss which our society had sustained; blushed and sated; had again recourse to the weather; and at last, a mighty effort, after two or three sentences begun and **ished, contrived, with an embarrassment more graceful becoming than all his polished readiness, to ask me to trish him with a letter to Mr. Page. "You must have " said he, colouring and smiling, "that I was captid by your beautiful friend and I hope I could wished to have spoken first to herself, to have made terest—but still if her affections are disengaged-tell me, ho must know, you who are always my friend, have y chance? Is she disengaged?" "Alas! I have somefeared this, but I thought you had heard-your sisat least was aware." Of what? It was but this y morning-aware of what ?"—" Of Charlotte's engage"Charlotte! it is of Ellen, not her sister, that I and think! Of Ellen, the pure, the delicate, the diThat whitest and sweetest of flowers, the jasmine, ayrtle, the tuberose among women," continued he, eluing his similes by gathering a sprig of each plant, as ced quickly up and down the garden walk-" Ellen, firest and the best; your darling and mine!

Will you

e a letter to her father? And will you wish me suc"Will I! O how sincerely! My dear Colonel, I thousand pardons for undervaluing your taste for ng you of preferring a damask rose to a blossomed e; I should have known you better." And then we ef of Ellen, dear Ellen, talked and praised till even the heart was satisfied. I am convinced that he went that morning, persuaded that I was one of the cleverwomen, and the best judges of character that ever lived. And now my story is over. What need to say, that the

without a possibility of helping themselves. For those who were arrived at manhood, it was too late to enter into any profession, and to embark what they possessed in trade was hazarding all, and putting themselves at the mercy of a partner. Meantime, year after year, the price of every article of necessary consumption has increased with accelerating rapidity; education has become more costly, and, at the same time, more indispensable; and taxation, year after year, falls heavier, while the means of payment becomes less. In vain does he whose father has lived in opulence, and whom the villagers, with hereditary respect, still address hat in hand-in vain does he put down the carriage, dismiss the footman, and block up windows even in the house front. There is no escape. Wine disappears from his side-board, there is no longer a table ready for his friend. The priest is no longer invited after service-all will not do. Southey.

If you do not like Dr. Southey's picture, take a sketch by a different hand, more brief, but equally conclusive, and written after several years had added their melancholy sum of experience to the original statement. "This island exhibits the melancholy spectacle of millions of men toiled to the extremity of human endurance for a pittance scarcely sufficient to sustain life; weavers labouring for fourteen or sixteen hours a-day for eightpence, frequently unable to procure work even on these terms; other artisans exhausted almost to death by laborious drudgery, who, if better recompensed, seek compensation and enjoyment in the grossest sensual debauchery, drunkenness, and gluttony; master traders and manufacturers anxiously labouring for wealth, now gay in the fond hope that all their expectations will be

3

realized, then sunk in deep despair by the breath of ruin
having passed over them; landlords and tenants now reap-
ing unmeasured returns from their properties, then pining
in penury amidst an overflow of every species of produce;
the Government cramped by an overwhelming debt, and the
prevalence of ignorance and selfishness on every side, so
that it is impossible for it to follow with a bold step the
most obvious dictates of reason and justice, owing to the
countless prejudices and imaginary interests which every-
where obstruct the path of improvement."-Combe's Consti-
tution of Man.

All the ideas that man can form of the ways of Provi-
dence, and of the employment of angels and of spirits,
must ever fall short of the reality; but still it is right to
think of them. What can have a more exalting influence
on the earthly life, than in those first days of our existence

to make ourselves conversant with the lives of the blessed;
with the happy spirits whose society we shall hereafter en-
joy? We should accustom ourselves to consider the spirits
of heaven always around us; observing and witnessing our
most secret actions. Whoever is become familiar with
these ideas will find the most solitary spot peopled with
the best society.-Klopstock.

and Solomon Islands, the fishing at the former commencing
April and ending in September, and at the latter commenting
September and ending in April, so that, when the ships cam
mence at Japan, they conclude the voyage at the Soloms,
The whales are all large on the Japan grou d, fe
vice versa.
being under thirty barrels, whereas, at the Soloinons, s
dom more than two large whales are seen in a shoal, howeve

numerous.

spert

The black whales are taken in the bays of New Zealand an Van Diemen's Land, and also of New South Wales, to th southward of Sydney, the vessels lying at anchor during th time, and boiling the oil like the sperm whalers. The lad whale season commences in April and ends in September, th whales entering the bays at that period for the purpose of cali ing. Black oil sells only at about half the price of the oil; but the fishery being so nigh, and consequently attende with so much less expense, is found to be a very profitable o cern. Many boats, indeed, are employed in this fishery bot at New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, towing the fish on shore, flinching them, and boiling the blubber t ere. The twelve sperm vessels now from Sydney, at 180 tuns oil and spermaceti per vessel, thus realise in the gross 21 tuns, which at L.70 per tun, amounts to L.151,200 for est voyage; and when the nine others now arranged for are adde the proceeds of the whole (including the black whalers) wi reach to about L.250,000 per annum,-a tolerable sum adde population, according to the last census, does not at press to the exports of a colony in the course of a few years, whos much exceed 40,000 souls.

He who, by an intellectual and moral energy, awakens
kindred energy in others, touches springs of infinite might,
gives impulse to faculties to which no bound can be pre-
scribed begins an action which will never end. One great
and kindling thought from a retired and obscure man may
live when thrones are fallen, and the memory of those who
filled them obliterated; and, like an undying fire, may il-lowing particulars :-The increase and decrease of marriages i
luminate and quicken all future generations.

WHALE FISHERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
An extraordinary impulse has been given of late to the
sperm and black whale fisheries, from the port of Sydney. Two
years ago five sperm vessels constituted the whole of the ship-
ping employment in that trade. Of these one has been lost,
and another despatched to England; while nine new sperm
and four black whalers have been added to the list, making in
all sixteen sail, measuring 3304 tons, and navigated by 464 men,
while arrangements are in progress forthwith to increase the
sperm list by nine new vessels. Each vessel (both sperm and
black whale,) is provided with four boats, and manned with
twenty-nine men. Six men, five harpoons, three lances, and
two whale lines of one hundred and twenty fathoms each, are
furnished to every boat; also three drogues, to one of which a
flag is attached from a pole through its centre. The drogues
are simply square floats of timber, serving as buoys to three of
the boat harpoons, and are only used after the two line harpoons
have been struck into whales, a line of eight fathoms securing
the harpoon to the drogue, which though pulled under water
by the whale on diving, quickly bobs up again on the latter ap-
proaching the surface to blow, and thus points out the whale's
position. Each whaler has two iron boilers on deck of 220
gallons, and two copper coolers of 378 gallons, the oil being
boiled in the iron boilers, and then drawn off into the coolers,
to allow the sediment to settle previous to being put into the
barrels. The fuel consists of the refuse of the blubber from
the boiler, 90 gallons per hour being the average quantity of oil
boiled, which is barrelled up hot, and rolled to the after part of
the ship to cool. Every sperm vessel is victualled for 15
months, about 30 months being the average of two voyages
(including stoppages in harbour to discharge or refresh), when
no material repairs are required, and 180 tons of oil, the aver-
age fishing of each vessel for a single voyage. The following
provisions constitute the 15 months' supply for one vessel :-
9000lbs. of beef, 9000lbs. of pork, 6 tons of flour, 6 tons of
biscuit, 200 bushels of pease, 259 gallons of rum, 300 gallons
of molasses, and twelve cwt. of sugar. The crew have no
wages, being paid by shares of the proceeds, called lays, after
deducting rather more than two-thirds of the proceeds for the
owner. The captain has a twelfth, the chief mate a twenty-
eight, the second mate a forty-eight, the third mate an eightieth,
the cooper and carpenter an eighty-fifth, and seamen each a
hundredth lay. The largest whales seldom exceed sixty feet in
length, or furnish more than eighty barrels of oil and sperma-
ceti of thirty-one and a half gallons each, the spermaceti or
head matter, as it is called, averaging one-third of the above
quantity; eight barrels being a tun, consequently the largest
whales seldom furnish more than ten tuns of oil and head mat-
ter. The two principal sperm grounds are the coasts of Japan

EUROPEAN POPULATION.-A German periodical (He perus) contains some very fanciful speculations on the cau which affect population, from which we have selected the fo

a country are naturally influenced by great events, such
peace and war, public prosperity and public calamities, fan
and disease; but here we are told that political feel
exercise an influence. Thus, in Prussia, the number of m
riages was greatly increased after the expulsion of the Frenc
During the years 1817, 1818, and 1819, when the pelti
prospects of that country were in their zenith, 1 person was t
ried in 98; in the subsequent years the numbers again fel
in 108, 1 in 111, and 1 in 118. In France, from the year 1
to 1822, the number of marriages was much less than befo
the revolution, although the population was greater by sever
millions. After 1817 the number of annual marriages increis
by about 8000, and continued stationary at that rate till 1824
but in 1822, after the evacuation of the country by fore
troops, the number quickly rose by 20,000, and, in the ensuit
year, even by 40,000. But it again declined during the obn
ous administration of Villele, and again increased after t
overthrow of his Ministry. Even in Russia from 70 to 800
couples less than usual were married in 1812. The proport
of deaths among children under five years is also remarkable.
it seems to keep pace with the degree of education and com
of the inhabitants. It is smallest in the large towns, and wa
be smaller still if it were not for those who die in workin
and hospitals, deserted by their parents. The degree of fert.
of marriages seems to vary between 3500 and 5500 children
1000 couples. The author, from an average of more than
millions of births, and 17 millions of marriages, all exten
over a period of several years, comes to some results, fr
which we shall extract two or three of the most interesting
To a thousand marriages there were born in the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

In France
In England

In Zealand

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the Two Sicilies and Zealand being the extremes. Marria
appear to be less prolific as the countries lie nearer to the no
A fourth point of importance in these investigations is
growing excess of males over females since the general pe
which, if correctly stated, is not a little alarming, and seem
make a periodical return of war an indispensable evil.
in Russia, the increase of males over females, in 15 years,
804.453; in France, 347,254; in Prussia, 69,764; in Na
25,796; in Bavaria, 8398; in Bohemia, 69,172; in Swe
15,195; in Wurtemberg, 6877; in Hesse, 8361; in Nas
6484;-briefly, in a total population of 101,707,212, an ex
of 1,356,754 males. If this proportion be applied to all Eur
with a population of 215 millions, the excess of the males w
amount, in the same period of peace, to 2,700,000. In
southern provinces of Russia, near the Caucasus, in the
Americas, and the Cape of Good Hope, the disproportio
still greater.

COLUMN FOR THE LADIES.

LINES SET TO A BEAUTIFUL WELSH AIR.
BY BISHOP HEBER.

I mourn not the forest whose verdure is dying;
I mourn not the summer whose beauty is o'er;
I weep for the hopes that for ever are flying;

I sigh for the worth that I slighted before;
And sigh to bethink me how vain is my sighing,
For love, once extinguished, is kindled no more.
The spring may return with his garland of flowers,
And wake to new rapture the bird on the tree;
The summer smile soft through his chrystalline bowers;
The blessings of autumn wave bro vn o'er the lea;
The rock may be shaken-the dead may awaken,
But the friend of my bosom returns not to me.

KISSING OFF SAILORS.

gag

"Is it sail ye are after making; and do ye mane to take all these pretty craturs away wid ye? No, faith, another kiss, and another man.". I am not going to relate how many kisses these lovely girls bestowed on this envied Captain. If such are Captains' perquisites, who would not be a Captain? Suffice it to say, they released the whole of their countrymen, and returned on board in triumph. The Lord Chancellor used to say, he always laughed at the settlement of pin-money, as ladies were generally either kicked out of it, or kissed out of it; but his Lordship, in the whole course of his legal practice, never saw a Captain of a man of war kissed out of forty men by two pretty Irish girls. After this, who would not shout "Erin go bragh!"

WEDDING PRESENTS.-It is the custom of the continent for a bridegroom to present to his bride, on the eve of their union, a collection of jewels, contained in what is called a corbeille de noces. The corbeille presented by King Leopold to the Princess Louise, consisted of a Gothic chest of ebony, inlaid with silver, in a damask pattern, and studded with oriental pearls. Halifax is a charming, hospitable place. Its name is associ- Its contents were a magnificent suite of diamonds, consisting of ded with so many pleasing recollections, that it never fails to a necklace, comb, and wreath of wheat-ears, the latter made so tt another glass from the bottle which, having been as to take to pieces, and become applicable in various other was going to pass the night in the cellaret. But only say forms; besides a variety of brooches, intended for looping up Helifax !" and it is like "open sesame!"-out flies the cork, the drapery of court dresses, and clasping on bouquets. A down goes a bumper to the "health of all good lasses!" complete suite of different coloured stones, mounted in gold so Irish Guineaman had been fallen in with by one of our lightly that the setting was invisible, and a great variety of Tisers, and the commander of his Majesty's sloop, the Hum- wheat-ears in emerald, chrysophrase, jacinths, topazes, chrysobird, made a selection of some thirty or forty stout Hiber-lites, and other stones, representing wheat in every shade of its Es to fill up his own complement, and hand over the surplus growth. A set of Neapolitan shells, and another of antique the admiral Short-sighted mortals we all are, and captains cameos, richly set in gold, besides a great variety of gold chains en-of-war are not exempted from human imperfection! -some light, others very massive. Two studs for night-dressmoch, also, drop between the cup and the lip! There es of large single diamonds. Eight cachemere shawls, four aces to be on board of the same trader two very pretty Irish being square, and four long. Scarfs in every variety of lace, is of the better sort of bourgeoi-e; they were going to join viz. Alençon and Brussels point, Lisle, Mechlin, Valenciennes, ir friends at Philadelphia. The name of the one was Judy, Chantilly; besides some curious varieties in cachemere, embroiof the other Maria. No sooner were the poor Irishmen dered with gold, silver, and pearls. A dress of silk muslin (one formed of their change of destination, than they set up a howl of the new French stuffs), embroidered in bunches of grapes, of enough to make the scaly monsters of the deep seek their which the fruit was composed of amethysts. A dress of Chiar caverns. They rent the hearts of the poor-hearted girls; nese silk, painted in bouquets of flowers by the hands of the when the thorough bass of the males was joined by the first artist; enclosed in a case of Japan, painted in flowers a la ranes and trebles of the women and children, it would have | chinoise, and richly gilt. A great variety of what are called de Orpheus himself turn round and gaze. "Oh, Miss cadeaux de corbeille, accompanied this beautiful chest. Among ty! Oh, Miss Maria! would ye be so cruel as to see us poor others, a set of chimney ornaments, a la Francaise, consistdragged away to a man-of-war, and not for to go and ing of clocks, candelabra, and vases; a breakfast service to a word for us? A word to the captain wid your own match, with a beautiful plateau of the same; another breakfast y mouths, no doubt he would let us off." The young service of silver gilt; a dressing-case, work-box, and writing, though doubting the powers of their own fascinations, desk, en suite, of crystal and gold, lined with rich velvet; seveed to make the experiment. So, begging the Lieutenant ral beautiful cases of oriental Japan, filled with birds of Parathe sloop to give them a passage on board to speak with his dise, heron's feathers, marabout and ostrich feathers, and the 244, they added a small matter of finery to their dress, and richest plumes, in all their varieties; several pieces of velvet, ped into the boat like a couple of mountain kids, caring brocade, blonde, gold and silver stuffs, and rich silks of every er for the exposure of legs nor the spray of the salt water, description; besides an infinite variety of trinkets and ornah, though it took the curls out of their hair, added a bloom ments for the embellishment of a dressing-room or boudoir, eir cheeks, which, perhaps, contributed in no small degree each contained in a travelling-case of the richest kind. The the success of their project. There is something in the sight wedding-clothes presented by Louis Philippe to his daughter, a petticoat at sea that never fails to put a man into a good were of corresponding magnificence. provided he be rightly constructed. When they got MOORE.-Moore is very sparkling in a choice or chosen soboard the Humming-bird, they were received by the Cap-ciety, (said Byron ;) with lord and lady listeners he shines like And pray, young ladies," said he, "what may have a diamond, and thinks that, like that precious stone, his brilliPred me the honour of this visit?" "It was to beg a fa-ancy should be preserved pour le beau monde. Moore has a your honour," said Judy. "And his honour will grant said Maria; "for I like the look of him." Flattered little shot of Maria's, the Captain said that nothing him more pleasure than to oblige the ladies; and if eavour they intended to ask was not utterly incompatible ath his duty, that he would grant it. "Well, then," said will your honour give me back Pat Flannagan, that have pressed just now?" The Captain shook his head. He's no sailor, your honour; but a poor bog-trotter; and he ver do you any good." The Captain again shook his "Ask me anything else," said he, "and I will give it "Well then," said Maria, "give us Felim O'ShaughThe Captain was equally inflexible. "Come, come, honour," said Judy, we must not stand upon trifles nowI'll give you a kiss, if you'll give me Pat Flannagan. ind I another," said Maria," for Felim." The Captain had sted on each side of him; his head turned like a dog-vane in of wind; he did not know which to begin with; the most Tode good-humour danced in his eyes, and the ladies saw at he day was their own. Such is the power of beauty, that rd of the ocean was fain to strike to it. Judy laid a kiss on gut cheek; Maria matched it on his left; the Captain was happiest of mortals. "Well then," said he, "you have your , take your two men, for I am in a hurry to make sail."

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happy disposition, his temper is good, and he has a sort of firefly imagination, always in movement, and in each evolution displaying new brilliancy. He has not done justice to himself in living so much in society; much of his talents are frittered away in display, to support the character of a man of wit about town," and Moore was meant for something better. Society and genius are incompatible, and the latter can rarely, if ever, be in close or frequent contact with the former, without degenerating; it is otherwise with wit and talent, which are excited and brought into play by the friction of society, which polishes and sharpens both. I judge from personal appearance. Lady Blesington's Memoirs.

IMPORTANCE OF A VOTE.-I hope to see the day when an Englishman will think it as great an affront to be courted and fawned upon in his capacity of elector as in his capacity of a juryman. In the polling-booth, as in a jury-box, he has a great trust confided to him-a sacred duty to discharge. He would be shocked at the thought of finding an unjust verdict because the plaintiff or the defendant had been very civil and pressing; and, if he would but reflect on this, he would, I think, be equally shocked at the thought of voting for a candidate for whose public character he felt no esteem, merely because that candidate had called upon him, and begged very hard, and had shaken his band very warmly.-T. B. Macaulay, Esq.

MR. BABBAGE'S CALCULATING-MACHINE.

cheapness and celerity with which this machine will perform its work, the absolute accuracy of the printed results deserves duced by accidental dust, or by any slight inaccuracy in one st especial notice. By peculiar contrivances, any small error prothe wheels, is corrected as soon as it is transmitted to the next. and this is done in such a manner as effectually to prevent any accumulation of small errors, from producing an erroneous figure in the result.-Sir David Brewster's Treatise on Nota. ral Magic.

Of all the machines which have been constructed in modern times, the calculating-machine is doubtless the most extraordinary. Pieces of mechanism for performing particular arithmetical operations have been long ago constructed, but these bear no comparison either in ingenuity or in magnitude to the grand design conceived, and nearly executed, by Mr. Babbage. Great as the power of mechanism is known to be, yet we venture to OF CUTS. Generally speaking, all that is necessary to lar say, that many of the most intelligent of our readers will scarcely admit it to be possible that astronomical and naviga. done in case of incised wounds or cuts, is to clear away the sur tion tables can be accurately computed by machinery; that the rounding blood, with all extraneous substances, and theat machine can itself correct the errors which it may commit; bring the lips of the ground close together, retaining them and that the results of its calculations, when absolutely free that position by slips of adhesive plaster, spread on linen; and from error, can be printed off, without the aid of human hands, if the cut be deep and extensive, supporting it and the surround or the operation of human intelligence. All this, however, ing parts by proper bandages. In large grounds, small op Mr. Babbage's machine can do; and as I have had the advanings should be carefully left between each of the slip tage of seeing it actually calculate, and of studying its construc- plaster, to facilitate the escape of secret matter, or offe blood. The first dressing should remain on untouched tion with Mr. Babbage himself, I am able to make the above or inflammation f statement on personal observation. The calculating machine, three or four days; and if much pain now constructing under the superintendence of the inventor, the accident, a little opening physic ought to be taken. T has been executed at the expense of the British Government, bleeding consequent upon wounds may generally be stopped t pressure. The application of a quantity of cobweb may, and is, of course, their property. It consists essentially of two ever, be resorted to, and is sometimes useful in obstinate bed parts, a calculating part, and a printing part, both of which are necessary to the fulfilment of Mr. Babbage's views, for the ings from cuts. Formerly it was the practice of surgeons whole advantage would be lost if the computations made by the done, and should always be avoided if possible. The lips sew up long or deep wounds with the needle, but it is now r machines were copied by human hands and transferred to types the most severe cuts can generally be retained in c by the common process. The greater part of the calculating machinery is already constructed, and exhibits workmanship of much better, and with far less irritation, by means of adbery such extraordinary skill and beauty that nothing approaching plaster and bandages than by ligatures. In cuts which near to it has been witnessed. In order to execute it, particularly separate any particular member of the body, as a finger, those parts of the apparatus which are dissimilar to any used example, a union by the foregoing means ought to be in ordinary mechanical constructions, tools and machinery of ably attempted, and will usually succeed if the attempt be without delay. It is well known that even the nose, after bet great expense and complexity have been invented and constructed; and in many instances contrivances of singular ingenuity have been resorted to, which cannot fail to prove extensively

useful in various branches of the mechanical arts. The drawings of this machinery, which form a large part of the work, and on which all the contrivance has been bestowed, and all the alterations made, cover upwards of 400 square feet of surface, and are executed with extraordinary care and precision. In so complex a piece of mechanism, in which interrupted motions are propagated, simultaneously, along a great variety of trains of mechanism, it might have been supposed that obstructions would arise, or even incompatibilities occur, from the impracticability of foreseeing all the possible combinations of the parts; but this doubt has been entirely removed, by the constant employment of a system of mechanical notation, invented by Mr. Babbage, which places distinctly in view, at every instant the progress of motion through all the parts of this or any other machine, and by writing down in tables the times required for all the movements, this method renders it easy to avoid all risk of two opposite actions arriving at the same instant at any part of the engine. In the printing part of the machine less progress has been made in the actual execution than in the calculating part. The cause of this is the greater difficulty of its contrivance, not for transferring the computations from the calculating part to the copper or other plate destined to receive it, but for giving to the plate itself that number and variety of movements which the forms adopted, in printed tables, may call for in practice. The practical object of the calculating engine is to compute and print a great variety and extent of astronomical and navigation tables, which could not be done without enormous intellectual and manual Labour, and which, even if executed by such labour, could not be calculated with the requisite accuracy. Mathematicians, astronomers, and navigators do not require to be informed of the real value of such tables; but it may be proper to state. for the information of others, that seventeen large folio volumes of logarithmic tables alone were calculated at an enormous expense by the French Government, and that the British Government regarded these tables to be of such national value that they proposed to the French Board of Longitude to print an abridgement of them at the joint expense of the two nations, and offered to advance 5000l. for that purpose. Besides logarithmic tables, Mr. Babbage's machine will calculate tables of the powers and products of numbers, and all astronomical tables for determining the positions of the sun, moon, and planets; and the same mechanical principles have enabled him to integrate innumerable equations of finite differences that is, when the equation of differences is given, he can, by setting an engine, produce at the end of a given time, any distant term which may be required, or any succession of terms commencing at a distant point. Besides the

nearly cr quite separated from the face, has been perfectly c ed to it again by means of strips of plaster.-The Doctor.

THE TEMPLE OF NATURE.
BY DAVID VEDDER.

Talk not of temples, there is one
Built without hands, to mankind given ;
Its lamps are the meridian sun,

And all the stars of heaven;
Its walls are the cerulean sky;
Its floor the earth so green and fair;
The dome is vast immensity-

All nature worships there!

The Alps arrayed in stainless snow,
The Andean ranges yet untrod,
At sunrise and and at sunset glow,
Like altar-fires, to God.

A thousand fierce volcanoes blaze,
As if with hallow'd victims rare,
And thunder lifts its voice in praise-
All nature worships there!

The ocean heaves resistlessly,
And pours his glittering treasure forth;
His waves, the priesthood of the sea,

Kneel on the shell gemmed earth,
And there emit a hollow sound,
As if they murmured praise and prayer;
On every side 'tis holy ground-

All nature worships there!

The grateful earth her odour yields
In homage, MIGHTY ONE, to thee;
From herbs and flowers in all the fields,
From fruit on every tree:
The balmy dew at morn and even
Seems, like the penitential tear,
Shed only in the sight of heaven-

All nature worships there!

The cedar and the mountain pine,
The willow on the fountain's brim,
The tulip and the eglantine,

In reverence bend to Him.
The song-birds pour their sweetest lays,
From tower, and tree, and middle air;
The rushing river murmurs praise-
All nature worships there!

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN UNHAPPY OBJECT.

ten this brief memoir. I have seen much of the world, and have learned that mankind are unreasonable and ungrateful, and that in a world of great variety of taste and wishes it is impossible to please all.

SCRAPS.

Original and Selected.

My life is shortly told. My first impression was the sensation of a tremendous squeeze, which instantly awoke me into life and thought. I was now spread out to the light, and a glow of intelligence completely pervaded me. My ideas were at first new, multifarious, and confused. Nations, politics, courts, wars, speeches, fightings, feasts, merchandize, marriages, deaths, ditties, &c. &c. made up my thoughts, which were various and mixed, and I lay in a silent state of wonder and amazement. soon found that I was but one of a large family, that was ushered into the world at the same time, from the same prolific mother. Our whole litter was laid in regular order in a pile ;-my situation being one of the first born, was particularly oppressed, damp and uncomfortable, I had a silent, intuitive longing wish to get into the world, which was at length NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICSs.-The most certain way gratified. Saturday morning came and I was carefully of ascertaining the real character of a people, is to view folded, and laid, Moses like, in a basket, by an urchin who them in the most populous states, and that part of the nawas called the deliverer, and borne into the street. The said tion who have the least interest in disguising themselves, deliverer I soon found was an object of interest and desire. If, in China, you see two porters jostle against each other He was soon accosted by an elderly looking man, with in a narrow street, they will take the loads off their backs, threadbare rusty breeches :- Have you a spare paper this and make a thousand excuses to each other for the accimorning, my boy?'No Sir,' was the short reply, and he dent occasioned, and on their knees will ask pardon for the trudged on with us, muttering "not as you know on, Old offence. On the contrary, in London or Paris, two porters Gripe; you are the same chap that promised me some cop- on such an occasion would quarrel, and exercise upon each pers for a paper the other morning and ha'nt paid me yet; other the fistic powers. A Frenchman is continually talkyou are too stingy to take the paper, but wont get anothering about his mistress,-the inseparable companion of an from me." My brethren were now fast leaving me, being Englishman is his umbrella,-and the watchman is not deposited at their proper destinations; at length my turn happy without his pipe-nor an Italian without his fiddle. came, and I was tucked into the crevice of a shop door in A LEARNED BODY-SERVANT. CURIOUS ADVERTISELeith. The first sample of the kind was not at all pre- MENT.- The following amusing advertisement lately appossessing. I had not been long in my new situation, when peared. The advertiser seems to be a sort of "Admirable a reluctantly early apprentice, swinging a key on his hand, Crichton" in his own estimation :-"A man of thirty wistfully eyed me; and casting a look about him, felo- years of age, born at the foot of the Grampian Mountains, niously seized, and thrust me into his pocket. My rightful in Scotland, self-taught, has a strong propensity for studyowner being in sight, hailed and arrested the pilferer, and ing nature and nature's law, men and manners, barbarous with threats compelled him to relinquish his prize. He en- and refined; capable of bearing the severity of the frigid or tered his shop, and I soon found that I was the first object the intensity of the torrid zone; has a general knowledge of interest. After hastily drying me by the fire, in which of astronomy, geography, history, metaphysical reasoning, progress I narrowly escaped conflagration, he ran over me, with the elements of poetical and musical composition and fixed his eyes upon sales at auction, advertisements, naturally; plays several musical instruments; has a plea&c. I was then more particularly examined, and dismissed sant tenor voice, with a compass of eighteen notes; a slow with condemnation. Nothing but foreign news, Parliament but a distinct reader; of sober habits; who would be and Cabinet-love stories and accidents by flood and field; a happy to meet an intelligent person, where he would make newspaper should be a commercial report-one side at least himself generally useful; and a pleasant companion in the should be devoted to prices current.' I was then pettishly capacity of body.servant. Letters, post paid, addressed, thrown upon the counter, but was soon in requisition. A "J. P. coach-office," &c. &c. hare-headed boy made his appearance, with a "Please to lend mamma your paper a few minutes, just to look at the ship news." The request was reluctantly granted, with something about the plague of paper borrowing, and a determination to stop it. I was soon borne to a neighbouring house. The good old woman, whose husband was at sea, Fagerly sought the ship news, but was disappointed in her arch. "How negligent and careless these printers are," Faid she, "not a word of intelligence of the Jumping Jenny; they print of Foland, and poetry, and fill their papers with advertisements, and that stuff, is all they care about." Miss how took her turn. She sought the stories, the poetry, and marriages, which in half an hour were all devoured; with the wonder that they put any thing else in the paper." An elderly lady now took me, who, adjusting her spectacles, arveyed me a little while, and declared me a "terribly uninteresting paper: hardly a column of deaths, and not here than fifteen or twenty murders and accidents." In this way I passed through all hands of the family, and after being well soiled and somewhat torn by the little ones, was sent home. For three whole days I had no rest, but was Continually borrowed and abused. At the end of this period, I was supplanted by a new face, and was then disarded and thrown aside like all servants, when they have become useless. I was, however, again resusitated, and caployed as a wrapper to some merchandise, and sent into the country. There, again, I became an object of interest, vent the rounds of the neighbourhood, and was a "nine days wonder." I am now quietly hanging up in a shattered condition in a Kirkaldy kitchen, from which I have writ

CHARACTER OF THE LATE SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY.Romilly, always so quiet and measured in his motions, is yet a man of unceasing activity. He does not lose even minutes. He devotes himself in earnest to whatever he is doing; and, like the hand of a clock, never stops, although his motions are so equal as to be scarcely perceptible.Dumont.

PANDERING TO ARISTOCRATICAL FEELINGS.-Individuals may be trustworthy above others, but classes cannot be pointed out as at all peculiarly entitled to confidence. This assertion is diametrically opposed to the prevalent opinion of the day. Riches, station, and high birth are supposed, to a certain extent, to be guarantees for good conduct. The testimony of experience is, that neither riches, nor station, nor high birth, deserve consideration, as unconnected with a given individual. The temptations to error are as potent in the case of the rich as the poor man; the man of high, as of humble, station; of exalted, as of obscure, lineage. The ruling party hold these opinions peculiarly obnoxious; and so strong is the sentiment prevalent on this head, that all the biographers, both of Mr. Canning and Mr. Huskisson, for example, laboured hard to make out a gentleman's ancestry for the one, and for the other. It was thought by the aristocracy the very height of presumption, in these "new men," to pretend to the situation of Premier. "He is nobody," was the potent exclamation. "His father was this, his mother was that." The son of an actress, Prime Minister of England! The idea is monstrous. it is the portentous offspring of the French Revolution; "of the large and liberal cant of the day," [a phrase, be it remembered, coined by Mr. Canning himself,] and deserves to be considered as one of the most horrid atrocities of that atrocious commotion.-Tail's Edinburgh Magazine.

"A house-going minister," says Dr. Chalmers, "wins for himself church-going people; and his week-day attentions and their Sabbath attendance go hand in hand."

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