had to make an address to the inmates that afternoon, and I said to those men "Brethern, you are not here because you are wholly bad, but, if I believe the Judges on the Bench, you are here because nine-tenths of you have an enemy outside." They looked at each other and then at me and did not quite grasp the thought. So, I said, "Do you want to know the name of this enemy? It is strong drink." Yes, truly it was so. Then I said, "I am going to let you vote. You have tried prohibition within these walls and you find it works. You find after you get up in the morning that your heads are not all astray. You find your hands are firm and your minds clear and your health is better and you are in almost every respect in a better condition than when you were placed here, because you have let this thing alone. Now every man here that wishes when he gets outside he could find his strong enemy gone; every saloon closed; not a single place open where he could get a drop of liquor, which would cause him to commit crime and be brought back here, raise his hands," and every hand went up and some of the men with eagerness, leaning on the shoulder of their fellows, with tears on their cheeks, gave their testimony. But our government says, "Nay, nay; we will license these saloons in order that Uncle Sam, with his treasury full to overflowing and not knowing what to do with it, shall add just a little more and take it out of the very heart blood of the nation."

LYDIA PRICE said:-I think a great many of us would like to say "Amen" to what our sister has said to us. We are glad to welcome such orthodoxy among us. This is a subject upon which we all feel, doubtless, a great interest and are so glad for a word of encouragement. We need that. We need to be stirred up in our hearts, that we may renew our strength and our faith and our endeavor to do what we can. We know that it is better to begin right, as we heard this morning, not to be forever lopping off the branches, but to get at the root. It seems to me we are endeavoring to sow the good seed when we begin at the home and with the little one, there to lay the

foundation of a right and true and solid education. We have these great evils in our midst and we must do what we can to spread the light and to set these bond men free.

MANGASAR MANGASARIAN said:-I think it is a real luxury to stand upon this platform and face this audience, because of the absolute liberty allowed to speaker and hearer. I am pleased with the addresses already made, with the spirit of love and friendship, and with what seemed to me the adherence of each speaker to his own peculiar belief, and therefore, I am happy to be here, and expect that I shall be allowed the same privilege of freedom in the expression of my ideas. The Temperance question is certainly one of the great questions of the age, and in studying it, the one thought which rises in my mind is that we should beware of too much zeal. I think too much zeal in any cause is a dangerous thing. It blinds our eyes; it makes us take sides; and when we do that we seem to see the good only in our opinions and in our party, and refuse to see, or are blinded to see, anything good in the way other people understand the same subject. For myself, I am free to say, I do not believe in prohibition. If I change my mind to-morrow I shall say so, but at present I do not believe in prohibition. I do not believe in compulsory morality, and if I had my way I would not close the saloons to-morrow, but at the same time I am perfectly willing to say that if I should see an error in my opinion to-morrow I will change it. And my reason for it is this, when we stand upon a platform like this and speak against the liquor traffice we almost always take for our object of attack the drunkard and speak as if almost this entire nation was composed of drunkards. Intoxication is a great evil, but all drinking does not lead to intoxication, and it is wrong to take the example of one person who commenced drinking little by little and became a drunkard and to set that up as a proof that all who drink will some day be drunkards. There are thousands and thousands who use liquor moderately who are never drunkards. Voltaire in one of his romances tells us that Adam held conversation with an angel, and he

asked him the rule of happiness in life, and the angel said "Not in abstinence, nor in excess, but in moderation you shall find the rule of happiness." I think that what we want is education and enlightenment. But it will take a long time to educate the people so that they will rise to the level of humanity; when they will cease to be drunkards. But our ambitious and too zealous reformers are not ready to wait. I say this: All solid reforms are slow and when they come they come to stay, but all hasty reforms are transient and when they are with us they are with us for a brief period.

Now, understand me, my friends. I believe in every effort and movement for the elevation of mankind. But I do not believe in compulsion when a reform is the object. Even in that case I will say let us allow absolute freedom of conscience. I believe that alcohol has its mission in the world. I believe that it is a medicine, although I am not a medical man, but I do not fear to say that it has its mission in medicine. All things beyond a certain point are poisonous. All things within limits are helpful and healthy.

So far as the question of church and state is concerned that is a subject that I am still more interested in. I believe that the effort to put "God" in the Constitution is a movement set on foot by the clergy of this country, and every lover of freedom, every hater of dogma, dogma that has made history crimson, dogma that has forced down the human forehead to the forehead of the idiot, should fight against that movement. I believe that it is wrong; not only wrong to have God in the National Constitution, it is wrong to have Him in the Constitutions of the States. God can afford to remain out of the paper Constitutions of the world.

The idea that the name of God on a paper will make Him mean more to the American people is certainly ridiculous. Philip the Second of Spain was anxious to put the name of God in the Constitution, and what did God do for Spain after He got into the Constitution? Louis the Ninth of France was anxious to have God in the Constitution, but that did not

prevent the streets of Paris running with human blood on the night of the massacre of St. Bartholemew. You still see, therefore, that God on paper is no more powerful than God in Heaven or somewhere else. I think we can get along in this world without a Supreme being. I think we do not know who the Supreme being is or what he is, or whether he cares for us or does not care for us. All these things are human fancies. The Infinite is beyond our ken. Therefore, we can leave the Gods to take care of themselves and we can take care of one another.

I believe, further, that the question of temperance and every humanitarian movement should have no connection whatever with religion or dogma. Some of you will say that God is not a dogma, but he is, my friend, and the moment you put God in the Constitution you open the door for everything else to come in. I wish the day were here when you and I could go to court in this great country without being requested to put our hands on the Bible or to lift it to our lips and kiss it. To-day in America, in a country like this, a man like Mr. Emerson, like Charles Darwin, cannot give testimony, but the man who is mean and vile and vulgar, because he believes in a Supreme Being or the Bible without understanding either, can give testimony. People in this country have something like a pocket God in the shape of the Bible and they carry Him everywhere. You find Him in the steamers : you find Him in the cars, you find this pocket God everywhere in the country, and no man's word or testimony is accepted unless he believes in this God. I am glad the Progressive Friends have the spirit to doubt the popular dogmas concerning these things.

Yes, the Supreme Being is humanity. Man is the only living God. Man is the only actual care-taker. If I fall into a well in the desert I scream for help. If no man hears my voice the skies are silent and the stars look down without pity, but if man hears me he comes to my rescue. He saves me. So, my friends, let us look into the faces cf one another and see

the Divine Being, and to the needy and to the forlorn let us be the actual, practical Providence, the only Saviour.

MRS. HAMMER said:-My friends, I cannot have this question close without saying there is a God that reigns. If I fall into a pit in the desert and I cry to my God by His holy spirit he may move on the heart of a man to come my way and lift me out, and I praise Him to-day that he is my God and my Creator, and that he holds this universe in the hollow of His hand, and when you take away my God and put me on my death bed, where am I, and what becomes of me?

The moderate drinker! The moderate drinker! God pity him for the evil that he does. The more respectable, the more to be piticd. The stronger his backbone the more I loathe him to think that he stands on that strength that God who created him has given him and opens ways in which the feeble feet shall stumble and fall and go down to degradation and

ruin.

After some further discussion by J. Williams Thorne and John Stern, a division of the Temperance Testimony was called for and both parts were adopted, that relating to Church and State unanimously. After singing the meeting adjourned.

SEVENTH-DAY MORNING.

The session was opened with singing by MISSES TURNER and LAW and MR. LAW.

THE PRESIDING CLERK:-There has been a man in Philadelphia of whom, for some time, we have heard at Longwood and upon whom we have long had our eyes; one, whom I think we shall all agrce, has the courage of his convictions. He said a word to us yesterday afternoon, and now, before proceeding to the subject especially assigned for to-day, he is to say another word to us this morning. I have the pleasure of cducing to you Mangasar Mangasarian.

MR. MANGASARIAN said:-I am grateful for this opportunity once more to address you, and I appreciate the patience and the kindness of my hearers in allowing me to speak once more. think we can all agree on one great subject, a subject no