occupied by the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg, until the time of his removal to St. Paul's College, two miles distant. They are within the limits of the town of Flushing, seven miles from the city of New-York, and admirably situated on an eminence, commanding a delightful and extensive land and water prospect, and possessing all those advantages which have so justly rendered the neighborhood a favorite place of permanent retirement from the city, or of occasional resort for recreation. The principal building is an attractive edifice, after the best classic models, and is three stories high, with a basement. It presents a front of one hundred and eleven feet; its depth is forty-six feet; and it is supported by a row of lofty columus. The apartments required for all the purposes of the Hall are convenient and airy; the saloon or drawing-room is nearly sixty feet in length, and nearly forty feet in width: all the other apartments are spacious and airy; the outbuildings are convenient, and the grounds are ornamented. INTELLECTUAL DEPARTMENT.-The course of studies embraces every branch of a thorough English, French, and Classical education. It is conducted by the Rector with the aid of a number of able, experienced and pious resident English, French and other governesses and teachers, and also eminent lecturers and instructors from the city of NewYork. Ample provision is made in this department, for carrying pupils through all the gradations of literary and scientific knowledge imparted in schools, seminaries and colleges; so that ladies who desire to qualify themselves as teachers, may here enjoy very favorable opportunities to attain the object of their wishes. ACCOMPLISHMENTS.-Music, drawing, painting, needlework of every kind, callisthenics, horsemanship and archery, are taught by able instructors; and, among the callisthenic exercises, dancing, as a recreation and a means of imparting ease and gracefulness. The Rector's views on these subjects may be seen in the Journal of Christian Education, published at the Union Depository, 28 Ann Street, New-York, which is also the city office of the Hall. PHYSICAL DEPARTMENT.-The mind of no pupil is educated at the expense of the body. A great variety of alluring exercises is introduced, calculated to produce agility and vigor. The saloon, at certain hours, is devoted to innocent and entertaining games and sports, combining corporeal exertion with mental relaxation and amusement. Contiguous to the main building is a well furnished Callisthenium, with a number of contrivances to promote cheerfulness, and afford healthy recreation. In the rear of the Callisthenium and Chapel are very extensive Vegetable and Flower Gardens, comprising an area of more than three acres; and every pupil is encouraged to plant and cultivate flowers, shrubbery and trees, and thus become practically acquainted with botany and horticulture. Beyond the gardens is a Hippodrome, particularly devoted to equestrian exercises; the circumference of it is nine hundred feet. The Archery Grounds extend the whole distance of the gardens and Hippodrome. A fully qualified and experienced Governess, who superintends and conducts the physical department, resides with the family, and requires every member of it to take proper exercise. RELIGIOUS DEPARTMENT.-The Rector devotes his personal and particular attention to the spiritual prosperity of all the members of the Institution. The CHAPEL, a building distinct from the main edifice, but connected with it by a covered way, is furnished with a communion table, baptismal font, reading desk, pulpit and organ, and is open every day for Morning and Evening Prayer. It is used for religious purposes, and for none other. As a Presbyter of the Church, the Rector is free to avow his ardent attachment to her doctrines and worship; and his purpose is, by the help of God, in every way, to impart the spirit of her devotions to all those who are or may be placed under his care, and to render religion attractive and interesting. It is his aim so to educate his own daughters, and every young lady whom he may receive into his family, that they may be enabled not merely to shine as ornaments of society in this world, but to gain admittance to the glorious society of heaven. DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS. The suits of apartments occupied as studies and dormitories, consist of well furnished and comfortable rooms. There are no general school-rooms, and no ordinary school furniture; but all the classes recite in distinct and neatly carpeted and furnished CLASS-ROOMS, so as to preserve the family association and establish habits of refinement. Each study or dormitory is devoted to two, or, at most, three pupils; so that, instead of the usual and very objectionable custom in boarding-schools, of dressing, undressing and washing in common, a delicacy and neatness are insured, which are believed to be essential to the character of every young lady properly educated. Suitable instruction is afforded by the Matron, in the arranging and care of wardrobes, and in several branches of household duty. The Rector and all the resident Governesses and Teachers take their meals with the pupils, in a spacious DININGHALL; and the table is furnished by the steward and the housekeeper with the best supplies of every kind. The Matron gives particular attention to the LAUNDRY, with a view to perfect neatness, health and comfort. Beside the general charge of all the members of the family, which devolves upon the Rector and Mrs. Schroeder, there is a special care of them assigned to a number of Curatresses. The whole number of pupils is divided into sections of six; and the members of each section are the proteges of a Curatress, who aids them in their studies, and is their confidential friend. TERMS.-The academical year is divided into two terms or sessions. The spring session commences in the middle of March, and continues for 21 weeks, to the following August, when a summer vacation takes place. The summer vacation ends on the day before the first Tuesday in October. Suitable measures are taken to accommodate with board, at a moderate price, any of the pupils who may desire to spend the whole or any part of the vacations at the Hall; and parents who reside in cities, especially those in the Southern section of the country, will find it agreeable to be with their children at Flushing, at least during a portion of the summer, and improve the many favorable opportunities which it offers for rural recreation and rational enjoyment. At appropriate seasons of the year, horsemanship and archery are taught in classes, at a moderate expense. Each pupil must be provided with a Bible and Prayer Book, bed and bedding, 12 towels, 6 napkins, ring, fork, and 2 spoons; but all these (when preferred by the parents) may be provided through the agent of the Hall, at a moderate charge. An abatement is made in the case of the younger pupils while in their preparatory studies, the charges being $125 per term, or half-year. The arrangements of the Institution require, that two months' notice must be given, or a charge made for that time, in case of the removal of a pupil. For further information, address the Rector or the Secretary. FLUSHING, L.I., New-York, 1843. The Hall may be visited, several times a day, by means of public conveyances from New-York. Coaches and Omnibuses for Flushing leave their station, No. 21 Peck Slip, every morning and afternoon; and a Steamer sets out, twice a day, from the foot of Fulton Street, East River. The coaches and omnibuses call for passengers in any part of the city of New-York, and convey them to the Hall, where they again call for them at appointed hours. Particular attention is asked to the ERRATA on the 2nd page of the cover. D national increase; Dark shades; The number of insane; Insanity in Virginia; Her Asylums; Last report on this subject, of the Auditor to the Legislature; Valuable suggestions made by him ; Virginia not the worst off among the States; The proportion of insane and idiots in all the States compared; Valuable statistical table; Among a white population of 14,000,000, there are 14,000 insane and idiots-contrasted with the proportion of colored do.; Free and slave-holding States compared; Striking result; Causes of insanity; Statistics of various hospitals; Condition, numbers and proportion of insane persons in various States; Crime among the blacks and whites; Free colored race in free States degenerating; Emancipation-gradual and sudden; A picture of the latter; West Indies; Dr. Channing's remark; England and African colonization; Extracts and conclusions.........340 4. Murray's Encyclopædia of Geography. Cheap Literature; Complaints in England; The Messrs. Langman, and Brande's Encyclopædia; Piracy by the American's upon English authors; The per contra; How American works are republished in England under new names and without acknowledgment of authorship; The American publisher appropriates only the Englishman's copy-right; The English publisher in return, does the same and robs the author of his good name besides; Instances-Neale's Charcoal Sketches, published as Dickens' Pick-Wick papers; Judge Story's "Law of Bailments," used by Mr. Theobold as his own notes upon Sir William Jones, etc... 353 5. Theirs' History of the French Revolution. Firmness of the author; Comparisons with Scott, Las Casas and others; The particular merit of Thiers' work; its independent truthfulness......354 6. The Farmer's Encyclopædia. Improvements in husbandry; Their slow gait; Mr. Cocke of Holkham, England; The great improvements of land made by him; Public importance attached, by the people of the United States, to agricul NO. VI. ORIGINAL PROSE ARTICLES-(CONTINUED.) PAGE tural improvements; Geological surveys; Societies, Agricultural and Horticultural; Great benefits resulting therefrom; The early history of agriculture in the United States; Deterioration of land; The late Judge Buel-his remarks; The old system and new husbandry; Large circulation of Liebig's Agricultural Chemistry, proof of the desire for agricultural information in the United States; Man's chief occupation; Description of a Peruvian plough; Present value of agricultural productions in England; Dr. Low's allotment system; Agriculture of the EgyptiansGreeks-Romans-English-Americans, with numerous quotations, and a particular and interesting account of each; Value of cereal grains, grown in 1840, in the U. States, $336,000,000...356 7. Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Navy of the United States. Account of the various attempts made to establish proper Rules and Regulations for the Navy; Those submit. ted to the last Congress, considered; Their defects; Suggested alterations; Little regard paid in them to the Medical corps of the Navy......371 8. Our Younger Poets-No. III. James Russell Lowell; His birth and parentage; His writings; "A Year's Life ;" The " Dial;" The "Pioneer." George Hooker Colton; His Education; Tecumseh; Its merits; Extracts... 380 This Work is published in Monthly Numbers, averaging Sixty-Four Pages each, at Five Dollars per annum, invariably in advance. The postage on each No. for 100 miles or less, is six cents; over 100 miles, ten cents. OFFICE REMOVED TO MUSEUM BUILDING, RICHMOND, VA. ERRATA.—In the article, "Reflections on the Census of 1840"-which appears in the present number, some important errors have occurred, which the reader will be pleased to correct. In the 2nd column of page 363,--in the paragraph commencing "In Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1830," &c., &c.,-a part of what constituted note No. 5, in the M.S., has been inadvertently incorporated with the text, so as materially to mar the sense. The whole paragraph should read as follows: "In Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1830, a period of thirty years, the increase in this class of persons, was between nine and ten per cent.; at which rate it would require more than three hundred years to double their number. The white population of that State, in the same period, increased 44-7 per cent., notwithstanding the emigration from thence was so excessive, as to leave there a surplus of females, varying from seven to thirteen thou sand. In the same period the slaves of the Union increased 124 per cent. During the last ten years, since the abolition spirit has been raging in Massachusetts, the increase in the free colored class has been 23 per cent." The following which was introduced, by mistake, into the paragraph as printed, constituted the conclusion of note No. 5, in the M.S. "The white population of Massachusetts is within a few thousands the same as that of Virginia. If her black population was as great, she would have 11,600 insane, who, for Lunatic Asylums, would require $9,280,000, and for annual support, $1,740,000. Looking to the condition of her white insane poor, we may imagine the fate of the black. It is probable, however, in the event we have supposed, she would have at least one insane in 14, as in Maine; which would give her 35,630. The sum then necessary for hospitals, would be $28,504,000, and for annual support, $5,344,500," There should have been marks of quotation at the end of the 1st paragraph, 2nd column, page 346--after " Pennsylvania," so as to indicate the end of the quotation, from the article on the penitentiary system of Pennsylvania, furnished for the first American edition of the Edinburg Encyclopædia. So likewise there should have been marks of quotation at the end of 5th statement from the African Repository-after “mulattoes" see page 345, note 7. Page 348-2nd column--note 15. For Banuel-read" Barruel"--and after the word "excretions"--read "so offensive." On Page 350-2nd column-for the Rev. Mr. Teaze, read "the Rev. Mr. Teague." PAYMENTS TO THE SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER, Received since the publication of the May number. If any names should have been omitted, they will appear on the cover of the July number. No order hereafter (come from whatever quarter it may.) for the Messenger, will be attended to unless the money accompanies it,— ,—nor will any Bank Bills other than those which are current at par in the States where they are issued, be received in payment for subscriptions. Anderson, J. M....IEJ........Yorkville, S. C......vol 7-8, --- Lewis, Thomas W....Tappahannock, Virginia.....vol 9 TO THE PUBLIC. SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER FOR SALE. _vol 8 .vol 9 ...vol 8-9 ..vol 9 Will be sold, on Thursday, the 29th day of June, at public auction, to the highest bidder, the establishment of the SOUTHERN LITERARY MESSENGER, together with all the appurtenances thereunto belonging: viz., Printing Presses, Type, Fixtures, &c., &c. This paper, in competent hands, will certainly yield a handsome revenue, as it did to its late proprietor, T. W. WHITE, dec'd. It is too well known to the literary world, to need any encomium from me. Terms.-One third of the purchase money will be required in cash, and the balance at six and twelve months from the day of sale, well secured. Any communications to the undersigned, (post paid) will be promptly responded to. RICHARD HILL, JR. Administrator of T. W. White, dec'd. Editors friendly to the Messenger will please give the above one or two insertions. VOL. IX. PUBLISHED MONTHLY, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. SONG; OR, LINES TO I. RICHMOND, JUNE, 1843. MEHEMET ALI. NO. 6. The invasion of Egypt-one of the principal scenes in that terrible drama-the French Revolution-was, doubtless, the means of drawing forth from the recesses of his own "rugged Albania,” a personage, who, in wide-spread fame and individuality of character, yields to none in the present century, save Napoleon Bonaparte. Great exigencies, and extraordinary occasions create for themselves great men; and talents of the most commanding order, often waste in obscurity, for want of suitable opportunities for their display. But for the wars of Napoleon, "in which were quickened every energy of a people that acknowledged no superior," where would be the names of that host of distinguished generals that clustered around the person of the greatest warrior of his age? Before, "unknown to fame," they are now indelibly registered on the pages of the historian, and all futurity will remember the "glory of their achievements." Thus, the imminent danger which menaced the Turkish empire, brought upon the stage of political action, a new character, who was to shape the destiny of generations yet unborn. Aided only by superior talents, and indomitable energy, Mehemet Ali, from an obscure peasant, has become the founder of an hereditary throne in the most important province of the Ottoman porte, SENT THROUGH THE POST-OFFICE OF THE ORPHANS' FAIR, and this too in a land where bribery and corruption Miss M RICHMOND, VA. will pardon these fugitive lines Of one, who to scribbling most sadly inclines, His verses, you'll see, as you hurry them o'er, Want the rapture of Byron, the sweetness of Moore, At the Office for Letters, this note you'll obtain, VOL. IX-41. are the most efficient, indeed, almost the only means employed in the acquisition of power. But the energies, and extraordinary abilities displayed in overcoming the obstacles to the attainment of his exalted station, constitute, nevertheless, his least claim to the admiration of mankind. It is from his character as a reformer, that he has gathered his brightest laurels. To him belongs the praise of elevating the condition of Egypt; of raising her from the degradation of ages; and of giving her that progressive impulse which is, even now, rapidly introducing civilization, and which, if continued, will ere long give her again "a name and a place" among the enlightened nations of the earth. Upon the accession of Mehemet Ali to the viceroyalty, Egypt was in that state of extreme lawlessness and disorder, which has long been characteristic of the distant provinces of the Porte. Her governors appointed by the Sultan, and subject, at any moment, to recall, knowing that they were constantly in danger of being supplanted in the affections of their master by some new favorite, and under no responsibility but the payment of an formed, so that justice is no longer a mockery, and thus, safety of person and property is established; indeed, it was observed in a debate in the House of Commons, that property was more secure in Egypt than in any country in Europe. A system of taxation, as uniform as circumstances will admit, has also been substituted for the former irregular mode, and though its weight is oppressive, it rests equally upon all. annual tribute, treated her only as a conquered pro- has created order and tranquility where once was vince, which they were at full liberty to pillage confusion; and were it incomparably more severe, while their short season of power lasted. This would still be preferable to the anarchy which it evil extended to all the offices of the government. succeeded. The judiciary system has been reThe administration of justice was but another name for bribery; taxes were collected without system or law, the officers seizing every thing indiscriminately, until the requisite amount was raised; the rich were plundered, either by direct seizure of their property, or by being compelled to purchase government articles at an enormous price; the most cruel punishments were inflicted by every petty officer for light and trivial offences; and, in the language of Volney, "barbarism was complete." This severity of taxation is frequently mentioned That celebrated traveller gives us the following in condemnation of Mehemet Ali; but a moment's. graphic description of the deplorable state of things thought will suffice to show that this is unreasonain Egypt, under its former rulers. "All that we ble. It is well known that, from the commencesee, and all that we hear, announce that we are in ment of his career, he has been obliged to contend a land of slavery and of tyranny; nothing is talked against the opposition of the Sultan. True, it may of but civil tumults, public misery, extortions of be urged in proof of his high stand in the favor of money, bastinadoes and murders. No security for the Porte, that, when it was unable to rescue the life and property; human blood is poured out like "Holy Cities" from the heretical Wahabees, his that of an ox; justice even sheds it without the services were demanded, and that his assistance was process of formality. The officer of the night, likewise required in the attempt to subjugate Greece; during his rounds, the officer of the day, in his but neither the Sultan, in making these demands, walks, judge, condemn and execute, in the twink-nor he, in complying with them, entertain any senling of an eye, and without appeal. Executioners timents of mutual confidence or attachment. On accompany them; and, at the first order, the head the contrary, while he was engaged in the first of of a miserable wretch tumbles into the leathern sack." these undertakings, the successful execution of which has rendered him so dear to every Moslem The Bedouins were likewise independent of all heart, an imperial decree arrived in Alexandria, control, and even carried their marauding expedi- depriving him of the Pachalic and appointing the tions to the very walls of Cairo, seizing women bearer in his stead. His assistance was demanded and children, and retaining them until ransomed. as being the most powerful vassal in the empire : No one could ascend the Nile as far as the first he gave it, because he was impelled both by procataract or the pyramids, without being exposed to mises of reward, and zeal for the interests of his their outrages; nor could the caravans cross the faith. Since that time, he has been twice deposed, desert to the Red sea, without paying them tribute. and compelled to defend himself by arms. In such Such being the condition of Egypt under the a situation, it is evident that he could not maintain Turks, we shall be better qualified to judge of its himself on the throne a moment without the aid of improvements, by the contrast at present exhibited. an army, and one too, powerful enough to resist It is related of one of the earlier Norman Chiefs, effectually any force which could be sent against that he so completely suppressed theft within his him. Such an army is disproportionate to the comjurisdiction, that a massive gold chain, suspended paratively slender resources of Egypt, and can near the wayside, remained secure. Mehemet Ali only be supported by grievous exactions. No cenhas accomplished a task almost equally difficult; sure should then be attached to Mehemet Ali, who he has tamed the wild and lawless Arab. The is thus made the victim of circumstances beyond arid wastes, over which they had hitherto roamed his control, but rather to those who have been inunchecked and uncontrolled, no longer afforded strumental in creating discord between him and them protection. The cavalry of the Pacha pur- the Sultan, and thus compelling him, in sheer selfsued them into their native wilds, until, wearied defence, to be oppressive. with an enemy whom they could neither overcome Egypt, that land of unrivalled fertility, and once in battle, nor escape by flight, they acknowledged of sufficient extent to be the granary of Rome, his sway, and ceased their depredations. The has now, through long subjection to the Turkish traveller in the desert, in any part of his domi- system of neglect, been contracted, by the encroachnion, is now as safe as in the streets of Alexandria. ments of the desert, to a narrow strip of land upon The great superiority of the present government the banks of the Nile. Indeed, were it not that over the former, consists in its regular organiza- the annual inundation of that river, of itself, pretion. True, it is a despotism, and of the most rigid serves the fertility of the soil as far as it extends, character, but it is impartial in its operation. It the whole would have long since been converted |