Island. Again, it was from this position that in 1666 he rebuked the indifference of the colony to the self-sacrifice of John Clarke; and that, between 1669 and 1680, he fulmined against the doctrine, "up streams without limits," devised by Harris for the despoiling of the Indians. Finally, from this position it was that in 1670 he made, in the letter to Major Mason, his noble appeal on the question of the Connecticut boundary, and that in 1680 he set forth the principles of taxation and govern
The deeds of Williams not recounted in the above survey-the obtaining of the Patent of 1644, the securing of the revocation of the commission to Coddington, the negotiations (both as private citizen and as colony President) with Massachusetts-were those for which, by reason of their nonadministrative character, our founder was felt to be qualified, and from which, therefore, the meed of contemporary recognition was not withheld.
But whether in the short list of deeds that were recognized and commended, or in the longer one of those that though seen were disregarded, the major part of Williams's acts upon Rhode Island soil-his acts, that is, exclusive of the scheme for pensioning the persecuted, exclusive of the prosecution of Harris for treason, and exclusive of the recommendation of punishment for the Quakers— bear the impress of sound judgment. He brought to the problems and conditions of his commonwealth a capacity since seen to have been peculiarly apropos, the capacity of a philosophic founder in a
place tormented by faction. Benedict Arnold, John Clarke, William Harris—all these excelled him as administrators, as men of daily affairs; but in the great formative period of the history of their common colony, their names (synonyms for the practical) signalize but single episodes and chapters, while the name of Roger Williams (synonym for the ideal) signalizes the whole.
Indeed, in a measure exceptionally great, the history of Rhode Island down to 1683—the eve of the coming of Sir Edmund Andros as Royal Governor-is the history of Williams. It was his hands that builded at Providence and his that made possible the building upon Aquidneck. It was his doctrine of Soul Liberty that, prevailing in the earlier settlement from the first, came afterwards also to prevail in the Island. His charter it was that banded the settlements together; his the voice of warning that, raised amid every crisis, made known the hurtful consequences of dismember
Against the sombre background of early New England, two figures stand out above the restJohn Winthrop and Roger Williams. The first
-astute, reactionary, stern-represented Moses and the law. The second-spontaneous, adaptable, forgiving-represented Christ and the individual. It is needless to say with which lay the promise and the dawn.
Alexander (Wamsutta), ii., 163, 164
Almy, John, ii,, 138
Anabaptists, the, i., 12, 15, 46, 105,
134; ii., 57-59
Andros, Sir E., ii., 269, 274
Angell, Thomas, i., 29, 32
Annawon, ii., 164, 190, 191
Antinomians, the, i., 43, 46, 53, 56,
58, 119-121; ii., 57-59
Antinomians and Familists, the, i.,
183
Appenzell, comparison of, with
Rhode Island, i., 162; ii., 46-48
Aquidneck, name, i., 34; purchase
of, 60; settlement of, 117-120;
secession in, 126, 127; popula-
tion of, in 1640, 130; reunion in,
135-138; seeks royal patent, 144;
proprietary class in, 157-162;
238; condition of, in 1650, ii., 4-
6; Coddington usurpation in,9-15,
21-25, 41, 42; under Patent of
1644, 17; place of refuge in King
Philip's War, 181
Arbitration, scheme of, in 1640, i.,
97-99; regarding Pawtuxet, 102;
Clarke-Winthrop agreement by,
ii., 117; proposed to King Philip,
169
Arnold, Benedict, on founding of
Providence, i., 31; 101, 113, 201
removes to Newport, ii., 7; 28;
Governor of Rhode Island, 127,
193; builds Old Stone Mill, 151;
227; death of, 273; 277
Arnold coterie, subject themselves
to Massachusetts, i., 113-116;
procure submission of Pumham,
199-201; suit by, against William
Harris, 225, 226; charged with
mutilating "towne evidence,'
226, 227; dismissed by Massachu-
setts, ii., 38, 39
Arnold, William, i., 88, 103; letter
by, to Massachusetts, ii., 14, 15
Aspinwall, William, i., 40, 41, 46,
48, 58, 117, 118
Atherton, Humphrey, i., 203, 210;
ii., 96, 162
Atherton Land Company, ii., 116,
121, 228; in Narragansett, 236,
237; assumes Indian mortgage,
238 status under Clarke-Win-
throp agreement, 239, 240; 250,
261, 266
Awashonks, ii., 166, 186-188
Baillie, Robert, i., 65, 134, 173, 183
Banishment, law of, in early Rhode
Island, i., 251, 258
Baptist Church, i., 109, 110
Barker, James, ii., 127
Barnard, Mary, wife of Roger Wil-
liams, i., 16, 80
Barrington, Lady, i., 14, 15
Baulston, William, i., 117, 137, 139;
joins Coddington in aiding Massa-
chusetts, 261; ii., 127
Baxter, Capt. George, ii., 122
Bewett [Buet], Hugh, i., 10, 251
Blackstone, William, i., 33
Blathwayt, William, ii., 264
Block, Adrian, i., 242
Block Island, i., 71; government
for, ii., 133, 134
Bloody Tenet, The, i., 169, 173, 175,
176, 229
Bloody Tenet yet more Bloody, The,
ii., 18
Boston Meeting-house, i., 44; new
structure, 218
Boundaries of Rhode Island, in
Patent of 1644, i., 178; in Char-
ter of 1663, ii., 126, 127
Boundary disputes of Rhode Island,
with Plymouth, ii., 225, 243, 244;
with Massachusetts, 226-230; with
Connecticut, 245; see also under
Connecticut
Bradlaugh, Charles, i., 19
Brenton, Jahleel, ii., 154, 181
Brenton, William, i., 126, 137, 142;
landed estate of, ii., 5; President,
107; 127; see also under Ham-
mersmith traditions
Brinley, Francis, ii., 7, 250, 251
Browne, Chad, i., 86, 97
Browne, Elder John, i., 238, 239
Browne, John and Samuel, i., 21
Browne, Robert, i., 13
Bull, Henry, i., 117, 126, 138
Burdett, Robert, ii., 227
Burnyeat, John, ii., 98, 155, 157-
159
Busher, Leonard, i., 13
Butler, Major, ii., 18
Callender, John, i., 26; ii., 278
Cambridge Platform, the, i., 9
Canonchet, ii., 171, 172; colloquy
of, with Roger Williams, 174;
Pierce's battle with, 180; capture
and death of, 184, 185
Canonicus, i., 29, 60, 61; character
of, 67-72; makes submission to
King, 233-236; death of, 266;
policy of, ii., 161
Carder, Richard, i., 117, 147, 223
Carpenter, William, i., 88, 103, 114,
226; ii., 216
Carr, Sir Robert, ii., 136
Cawcamsqussick, ii., 232, 233
Charles I., i., 4, 167, 168
Charles II., Restoration of, ii., 107-
110; grant of Charter by, 125:
war by, with Netherlands, 138,
139 relations of, with John
Crowne, 259
Charter of 1663, granted, ii., 121;
received in Rhode Island, 122,
123; analysis of, 123-129
Chibachuwesa, see Prudence Island
Chiffinch, Thomas, ii., 119, 120,
263
Church, Benjamin, ii., 166; visits
Awashonks, 166, 167; 186; second
visit by, to Awashonks, 186-188;
slays King Philip, 188-190; cap-
tures Annawon, 190, 191
Clarendon, Lord, ii., 123, 124; co-
lonial policy of, 126; gift to, 146;
liberality of, toward Narragansett
Indians, 240, 241
Clarke, Jeremy, i., 126, 138, 256,
Clarke, Dr. John, i., 40, 41, 55, 57;
leaves Massachusetts, 58-60, 83;
helps found Portsmouth, 117; se-
cedes to found Newport, 126,
135, 144; Assistant from New-
port, 256; goes to England, ii.,
15, 21; arrested in Massachu-
setts, 61-64, 66; in England,
105, 106, 111; petitions for char-
ter, 112, 113; negotiations by,
with J. Winthrop, Jr., 115-118;
returns to Rhode Island, 134,
142; collection of rate for, 142-
145; last days and death of, 145,
146, 273, 277
Clarke, Joseph, ii., 127
Clarke, Walter, Governor, ii.,
178, 193
Clawson's curse, ii., 275
Coaster's Harbor, i., 129
Coddington, William, i., 40, 41;
defends Anne Hutchinson, 52,
53; banished by Massachusetts,
58-60, 83; founds Portsmouth,
117, 118; secedes to found New-
port, 126-129, 131; reunion of
towns under, 136, 137, 141, 148;
mercantile spirit of, 160; con-
spires with Winthrop, 237, 244,
256; treachery of, 261-264; es-
tate of, at Newport, ii., 4, 5;
Newport house of, 7, 151; usur-
pation by, 9-14, 21-25; abdica-
tion by, 29, 30, 41; 127; Governor
of Rhode Island, 154, 158, 177;
rebukes Massachusetts, 181; criti-
cised by Roger Williams, 182;
death of, 273
Coggeshall, John, i., 40, 46, 48, 117,
126, 137, 141, 245; ii., 127
Coke, Sir Edward, i., 14
Cole, Robert, i., 88, 113
Commerce and trade with Dutch
and French, i., 259; sea laws,
259; of Newport in 1650, ii., 8;
Massachusetts threatens, 83; pro-
tected under Charter of 1663, 129;
of Newport in 1675, 152; with In-
dians, 231
Commissioners, King's, in Rhode
Island, ii., 135, 136, 207; in
Narragansett, 240-242
Conanicut Island, i., 234; ii., 8;
purchase of, 39; incorporated as
Jamestown, 261
Congregational Church, i., 13, 132,
133
Connecticut boundary line, with Ply-
mouth, ii., 116; with Massachu-
setts, 226-230; with Rhode Is-
land, conference over, 245, 246;
trespass beyond, by Connecticut,
256; contest over, through Wil-
liam Harris, 261; Cranfield con-
ference concerning, 266
Connecticut charter, ii., 113, 116,
277
Connecticut faction in Rhode Island
Assembly, ii., 254
Conscience, see Freedom of Con-
science
Cornell, Thomas, tried for murder,
ii., 132
Cotton, Rev. John, i., 8, 15, 39, 43,
56, 123, 124
Crandall, John, ii., 60, 64
Cranfield, Edward, ii., 265-268
Cranston, John, ii., 7, 31; death of,
273
Cromwell, Oliver, friend of Tolera-
tion, i., 54, 171; ii., 18; i., 167;
friend of the " Seekers," 175;
ii., 20, 41
Crowne, William and John, ii., 259
Culpepper, Lord, ii., 263-265
Cutshamekin, i., 201, 202
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for Shawomet, 198; deed from
Sacononoco to the Arnolds, 199,
deeds for Conanicut Island;
Dutch Island, and Coaster's Isl-
and Harbor, ii., 39; Harris "con-
firmation deeds," 199, 200; deeds
for enlargement of Providence,
199; deed for Misquamicutt,
227; to Harvard College, 229;
deeds to Richard Smith, 233;
for Pettiquamscutt, 234; for
Quidnessett and Namcook, 235,
236; mortgage-deed for Narra-
gansett, 238; see also under
Patents
Democracy in early Rhode Island,
i., 97, 120, 121, 125, 128, 136,
138, 139, 141, 246; ii., 10, 45;
democracy as result of individual-
ism, 53; 102; see also under Indi-
vidualism
Dexter Gregory, i., 109, 173; Pres-
ident, ii., 28, 127, 146; on Soul
Liberty and Taxation, 141; joins
Roger Williams against Harris,
Dudley, Joseph, ii., 269
Dudley, Thomas, i., 40, 49, 58,
Dutch Island, ii., 39
Dutch, the, relations of Rhode Isl-
and with, i., 143; Coddington con-
sorts with, ii., 22, 23; war with,
26, 28, 30, 31, 137-141
Dutch West India Company i., 68
Dyer, Mary, ii., 81, 82; martyrdom
of, 88-97
Dyer, William, i., 117, 118, 126,
138, 251, 256; trouble of, with
Coddington, ii., 13, 15, 17; re-
turns from England, 26, 30; begs
life of Mary Dyer, 95, 158
East Greenwich, ii., 257
Easton, John, i., 129; affidavit by,
respecting Gortonists, ii., 142;
160; describes interview with
King Philip, 168
Easton, Nicholas, i., 125, 126, 129,
135, 137, 141: President, 245, 256,
ii., 22, 31
Economy, domestic and social: do-
mestic animals in early Provi-
dence, i., 85, 86; houses and
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