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chrism, the vessel of holy water, the chalice, the pyx, the pontifical ring, the sandals, the pastoral staff, the mitre, gloves, &c. on the credences. There are likewise two little barrels filled with the best wine, two loaves, one of them gilt with gold, the other with silver, with the arms of the officiating prelate and the bishop engraved on them, and two tapers each weighing four pounds.Some acolytes stand by the bishops who consecrate, and the person to be consecrated: the latter places himself in the middle of the two assisting bishops opposite to the officiating prelate, who sits on the episcopal seat placed about the middle of the altar. Then one of the assistants addresses himself to the officiating prelate, saying to him, that the Catholic Church requires such an one (naming the person) to be raised to the dignity of a bishop. Then the officiating priest demands of him the apostolical mandate, which is given to his notary who reads it, when the officiating prelate answers at the conclusion of the mandate, God be praised.

NO. 76. The Bishop prostrate on his knees. The ceremonies described in the preceding paragraph, are followed by the administering an oath to the candidate, which he takes on his knees before the consecrating bishop.

NO. 77.-The Bishop receiving the pastoral staff. After the oath, the candidate kisses, on his knees, the hand of the officiating prelate. The mass which follows the oath, and examen being read or sung, he puts off the pluvial, and the acolytes give him the sandals, while the psalms are singing. He next receives the pastoral cross, the stole, and other pontifical ornaments; and thus habited he goes and stands before the altar, where he reads the office of the mass, having the two assistant bishops on each side of him. This being read, he makes a bow to the officiating prelate, who repeats the following words to him, which include the episcopal functions: "The duty of the bishop is to judge, interpret, consecrate, confer orders, sacrifice, baptise, and confirm." After the repeating of these words and a short prayer, the officiating prelate and assistants all kneel down in the manner represented in the third compartment of the plate, except the candidate bishop, who prostrates himself, and continues in that posture, during which the officiating prelate, with his pastoral staff, signs him with the sign of the cross. The assistants perform the same ceremony.

NO. 78.-An Abbot receiving the imposition of hands. An abbot presides over monks. After various ceremonies are performed, others follow by which he is duly consecrated to his office. The officiating minister lays his hands upon him, in the manner described in the engraving, by which is given to him authority over his convent. The pastoral staff is presented to him with which he is to govern the flock committed to his charge; the ring, which is the seal of the faith he owes to the Church, the spouse of Christ. After the offertory (an anthem,) the newly elected abbot, on his knees, presents two tapers, two loaves, and two little rundlets, to the officiating minister; he afterwards receives the sacrament. The post communion being ended, he receives the abbot's mitre, which according to the pontifical, is the helmet of salvation, and also represents the two horns of the two testaments, whose enemies (those of truth,) he is preparing to combat. The gloves are the last thing he receives; but in case he be not a mitred abbot, the latter ceremonies are omitted.

NO. 79.-Consecration of Nuns. At the procession of a nun, the habit, the veil, and the ring of the candidate, all are carried to the altar, and she herself dressed in magnificent apparel, and accompanied by her nearest relations, is conducted to the bishop. Two venerable matrons are her bride women, when the bishop says mass. After the gradual is over, the candidate or candidates for the veil, attended by the same persons as before, and with their faces covered, enter the church, and present themselves before the bishop; but before this be performed, the arch-priest chants an anthem, the subject of which is, That they ought to have their lamps lighted, because the bridegroom is coming to meet

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them; and while he is singing they light their lamps. The arch-priest now presents them to the bishop, who calls them thrice in a kind of chanting tone; and they answer him in the same manner. The first time, they advance to the entrance of the choir, the second to the middle, and the third to the chancel of the altar; they kneel down before the bishop, with their faces to the ground, and afterwards rise up, singing this verse, Receive me, O Lord! according to thy holy word. Being come before the prelate, and on their knees, they attend to the exhortation he makes them concerning the duties of a religious life. After this they kiss his hand, and then lie prostrate before him, while the choir chants the litanies. Then the bishop having the crosier in his left hand, completes the benediction.

NO. 80.-Consecration of their Habits. The benediction being ended as noticed in our explanation of Engraving No. 79, the nuns rise and the prelate blesses the new habits, which denote the contempt of the world, and the humility of their hearts. A sprinkle of holy water concludes the consecration, and then the candidates go and put on their religious habits.

NO. 81.-Nuns crowned. Having taken the veil, the crown of virginity is given, to which they are called by the chanting of the anthem, Veni sponsa Christi, &c. "Come, O spouse of Christ, and receive the crown." In the first ages of the Church, it was usual to set a crown on the heads of those who died virgins, which custom is still observed in several parts of Christendom.

NO. 82.-Anathema against false nuns. Having been thus crowned, an anathema is denounced against all who shall attempt to turn them from God, by endeavoring to make them break their vow in what manner soever, or on those, who shall seize upon any part of their wealth.

NO. 83.-Nuns receiving the Breviary. After the offertory, they present lighted tapers to the bishop, who afterwards gives them the communion; and as it is the custom in several convents for the nuns to read the office and canonical hours, the bishop gives the breviary to those who are taken into such convents. These ceremonies being ended, the prelate gives them up to the conduct of the abbess, saying to her, Take care to preserve, pure and spotless, these young women, whom God has consecrated to himself, &c.

NO. 84. Obsequies of the dead Pope. After the death of a pope, oil is kept burning in tapers, and a mass of Requiem is sung for a week together, for the repose of the soul of the deceased pontiff. The funeral obsequies end the ninth day, by another solemn mass, which is sung by the cardinal bishop, assisted at the altar by four other cardinals with their mitres on, who, together with the officiating priest, at the conclusion of the office, incense the representation of the coffin, and sprinkle it in the manner enjoined by the Ritual, in presence of the other cardinals, and of all the prelates and officers of the late pope's court, who immediately retire as soon as the requiescat in pace is pronounced, to which they answer, Amen.

NO. 85.-The corpse of the dead Pope exposed for three days to the people in St. Peters' Church. In the event of the Pope dying in the Vatican, his body is immediately carried, by the back stairs, into Sextus V.'s Chapel. After it has lain there twenty four hours, it is embalmed, and on the same day is carried to St. Peter's Church, attended only by the penitentiaries, the almoners, and other ecclesiastics, who follow the pontiff's corpse as far as the portico of the great Church. The canons of the church come and receive it, singing the usual prayers appointed for the dead; and afterwards carry it into the chapel of the Blessed Trinity, where it is exposed for three days, on a bed of state raised pretty high, to the sight of the people, who crowd to kiss the feet of his holiness, through an iron rail, by which this chapel is enclosed.

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NO. 86.-Temporary Mausoleum erected in honor of the deceased Pope. The body of the pope undergoes a second embalming, when it is laid in a leaden coffin, which is afterwards enclosed in another made of cypress wood, and is deposited within the wall of some chapel, till such time as a mausoleum can be erected to his honor in St. Peter's, or any other church, in case he himself had not given orders for the erecting of one during his life-time; which is frequently the case. But when his holiness declares by his last will or by word of mouth, that he chooses not to be buried in St. Peter's, but in some other church which he names, then his body must not be translated till after he has lain a whole year in some of the chapels of that church; and in this case the corpse cannot be removed till a large sum of money has been paid to the chapter of St. Peter; it sometimes costs upwards of a million of livres, in case the pope, whose corpse they are desirous of removing, was famous for his piety, and that any grounds exist to presume that he will one day be canonized.

NO. 87.-Great Hall of the Inquisition. This engraving represents the hall where a prisoner is carried for examination. A, represents the Inquisitor, who examines the prisoner. B, the secretary taking down his answers. C, the prisoner sitting on the stool, with his face turned towards a large crucifix, and the inquisitor's table. D, the gospel, on which he is obliged to swear that he will truly answer to every article that shall be put to him. E, E, E, seats of absent officers.

NO. 88. A man and woman condemned by the Inquisition, in the dress of persons saved from burning. This engraving represents a man and woman who having been condemned to the flames, have escaped by making a confession in the critical moment, after their sentence has been read, and before they are taken out of prison. Their caps are made of paste boards shaped like a cone. These caps are called carrochas. Their scapulary called sammaria, differs from the san benits in this; the ground of it is grey, with flames painted upon it, and the points turned downward, and is called fuego revolto; to denote that they, by their confession, have thrown down the pile on which they were to have been burnt.

NO. 89.—A man and woman condemned by the Inquisition, in their death dresses. This engraving represents a man and woman, who have no hopes of pardon left. These in like manner as those above, wear the carrocha, and the sammaria, but then the points of the flames are pointed upward, and have also devils painted on them armed with hooks. At the bottom of the sammaria is a figure representing the condemned criminal.

NO. 90.-1. Standard of the Inquisition of Spain. The standard of the Inquisition of Spain is a wooden cross full of knots, with a sword, and an olive branch, as represented in this engraving.

2. Standard of the Inquisition of Goa.-This engraving shows the standard of the Inquisition of Goa, in which is represented St. Dominic, the founder of the St. Dominican friars, with a dog carrying a torch near a globe, because when his mother was with child of him, she dreamt she saw a dog lighting the world with a torch. In his right hand is a branch of olive, as a token of the peace he will make with such as shall declare themselves good Catholics; and in his left, a sword, to denote the war he makes with heretics, with this motto, justitia and misericordia.

NO. 9-A man and nun condemned, but saved from death in their dress of penance. The dress of these persons is similar to that of the persons represented in No. 88, excepting that the flowers on their scapulary are omitted, and they are destitute of caps.

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NO. 92. Procession of Criminals at the Auto de fe. By an Auto de fe, or act of faith, is intended the burning to death of such persons as the holy Inquisition was pleased to pronounce defective in their belief of all, or any of the error and nonsense which the church of Rome had propounded as articles of faith. This burning took place, as often as the holy office could provide objects for the fire. Kings and Queens were not only invited to witness it, as a most joyful spectacle; but actually required to sanction it with their presence, under the pain of being themselves suspected of heretical pravity.

NO. 93.-Storming of Beziers. During the persecution of the Albigenses, by the Roman Catholics, the beautiful city of Beziers was beseiged by the latter, and at length, stormed; upon which every cruelty that barbarous superstition could devise was practised; nothing was to be heard, but the groans of men who lay weltering in their blood, the lamentation of mothers, who after being violated by the soldiery, had their children taken from them and dashed to pieces before their faces; the city being fired in various parts, new scenes of confusion arose; in several places the streets were streaming with blood. Those who hid themselves in their dwellings, had only the dreadful alternative to remain and perish in the flames, or rush out and fall by the swords of the soldiers. The bloody legate, during these infernal proceedings, enjoyed the carnage, and even cried out to the troops, "kill them, kill them all; kill man, woman, and child; kill Romon Catholics as well as Albigenses, for when they are dead, the Lord knows how to pick out his own." Thus the beautiful city of Beziers was reduced to a heap of ruins, and 60,000 persons were murdered.

NO. 94.-Cruelties in Ireland. In the year 1641, the Roman Catholics concerted a plot, for the destruction of the Protestants. The day fixed for the horrid massacre was the 23d of October, 1641. Early on the morning of that day, the conspirators were in arms all over the kingdom. During the scene of butchery which followed, every variety of cruelty was practised. No age, no sex, no condition was spared. The wife weeping for her butchered husband, and embracing her helpless children, was pierced with them, and perished by the same stroke. The old, the young, the vigorous, and the infirm, underwent the same fate, and were blended in one common ruin. In vain did flight save from the first assault; destruction was every where let loose, and met the hunted victims at every turn. The engraving represents one form, in which these cruelties were practised.

NO. 95.—Barbarities exercised against the Waldenses. This cut represents the cruelties practised against the Waldenses, who had taken refuge in Calabria, especially those of the town of St. Xist. The manner of torture was various. Some, on being caught were suspended on trees; others were tied by the middle and balanced upon a high pole, by means of a large weight at the end of the lever. Here, their bodies were left to become the food of birds of prey. Many were shot at a distance; but the greatest number were hunted by way of sport. A few escaped into caves; but famine destroyed them in their retreat; and the inhuman chase was continued till all these poor people perished.

NO. 96.-Burial of a Protestant during the time of Popish Persecution. During the persecutions of the protestants in England, in the time of Mary, the papists were wont to cast into the fields such protestants as expired under their hands; at the same time commanding that no man should bury them. Netwithstanding, however, these inhuman commands, the pious protestants were accustomed to go forth in the evening, and by the aid of moonlight or torches to bury their deceased friends. This engraving represents an instance of this Christian kindness.