Lastly, he enlists recruits, and takes into his pay the boys of the neighbouring mountainous countries, who are at the service of any Pacha who chooses to pay them. The same is the case with the Arnouts, who are scattered all over the Ottoman Empire. In time of peace, his military establishment does not exceed 12 or 1500 men; but he can triple them, and maintain a still superior number a considerable time without the aid of the Porte. In the year 1807, he had 40,000 men under arms; of these, 10,000 were in the Morea, under his son Veli; 8000 in Lepanto, under his son Mouctar; 10,000 under his brother Joussof Bey; the rest in garrison in different places.

The pay of the soldier is according to his value, and the services which he can perform. One Albanian, for instance, receives fifteen piastres per month, while his comrade receives only eight; on an average the pay may be about 10 piastres. The soldier provides his own arms and clothing, but Ali furnishes the ammunition. The rations, which he also furnishes, consist of two pounds of maize flour, and some vegetables. in the campaign of 1807, his army remained in the above-mentioned force for ten months together, and cost him, including the provisions, six millions of piastres, or twelve millions of francs, exclusive of the subsidies paid by France.

character, and from the whole system of his approve of his views on the Ionian Islands; ambitious efforts, it may be readily imagin- he no longer made a secret of the matter to ed, that the object which he has the most at the agents of that power, and represented heart, is to obtain possession of the Ionian it as a reasonable desire, which France Islands. His constant plan, to execute which would have the greater interest to promote, he labours with the most persevering pa- as she would thereby procure a powerful tience and activity, is to make himself inde-ally in the Mediterranean. pendent of the Porte, and entirely to se- The manner in which his envoy, Mehemetparate himself from it. To attain this ob- Effendi, was received at Warsaw, and of ject, he has constantly endeavoured to form which Ali, perhaps, had an exaggerated deconnexions with different European States, scription given him, confirmed his belief, and for that reason the changes that take that it coincided with Napoleon's views, to place in their relations with Turkey, are of favour his plans, and strengthen his power. the utmost importance to him. To secure He no longer concealed his hopes and wishes, his possessions on the Continent, to complete and his courtiers already spoke of him no the subjection of the tribes, who do not yet otherwise than as the future king of Greece. obey him, and to confirm and guarantee his He published the victories of the French own authority, he wants the Ionian Islands, armies, with additions and exaggerations. which always have been, and still are, the A courier, whom he employed to bring him object of his secret endeavours. In the year dispatches from Constantinople, announced 1800, the wished-for opportunity presented the pretended conquest of Riga, Revel, and itself, to remove from the Continent a power Narva, with the news that the treaty of which had been always in his way, and to peace was nearly concluded, and that Russia obtain access to the Adriatic Sea, which had gave up its pretensions to the Seven Islands: hitherto been always closed against him. to this was privately added, that an indeHe did not let the opportunity escape him, pendent kingdom was to be founded in but took possession of the Ionian towns on Greece, and Ali honoured with the crown. the Continent. The presence of the Russian When the news of the commencement of and Turkish armies, made farther progress the negociations at Tilsit soon after arrived, at that time impossible, and the convention he could not conceal his apprehensions, imof 1800 raised new obstacles, and hindered portuned the French agents with invidious him from putting garrisons into those towns. questions, and caused them to be every Meanwhile he had already got rid of the where watched by his confidants, in order to most considerable of the inhabitants, who discover what might be their instructions in might have opposed his views. At Prevesa respect to the Ionian islands. alone he caused 130 to be beheaded in one When Ali Pacha was acquainted with the day, and this town remained open to him, conditions of the peace, and a French comAli had established, at Bonila, a cannon- so that in 1805 he profited by an opportunity missioner arrived at Corfu with troops, it foundery, under the direction of an Italian, to put a garrison in it. The retreat of the was with difficulty he suppressed his anger, who was not destitute of talents. But Ali's Russian troops seemed to favour his views and he was on the point of commencing avarice, which hindered him from furnishing on the Ionian Islands. If he had been at hostilities. He himself, and his confidants, the necessary materials; his rapine, which that time in possession of a fleet, or if he upbraided the French with the ingratitude led him to plunder the director of his tools; could have hoped to take Corfu and Saint and faithlessness of their government, which and his despotic conduct in general prevented Maura by surprise, he would most certainly did not perform its promises. The interthe success of the undertaking. He was so have done so. However, he endeavoured to course with Corfu became again almost as unjust as to demand that a 24-pounder, obtain his object by intrigue, and his in-difficult as during the war; he hindered, as weighing 5900 lbs. should be delivered to fluence and credit at Constantinople, sup-far as possible, the inhabitants of the Seven him, quite complete, for an equal weight of ported by the all-powerful persuasion of gold, Islands, as well as the French garrison, from metal, which he supplied for the purpose. were on the point of obtaining him an order procuring wood for fuel, and other articles However, the French staff officer, who was to make himself master of the Ionian Is- necessary to the islands, from the continent. sent on a mission to him, in 1807, found lands, when the Russians ruined his plan by As soon as a British fleet appeared in those means to get this establishment so much anticipating him. His vexation at this seas, and commenced the blockade of Corfu, improved, that it was able to furnish mortars event was the sole cause of his enmity to and the attack of the other islands, he again as good as can be obtained from any foun- the Russians, which induced him to form hoped that England would make use of him dery in Europe. Ali possesses several an alliance with France, in the hope that this in the enterprise, and at least let him occupy powder-mills, but the construction of them power would be more favourably disposed to Saint Maura, which he could besiege, indeed, is defective. promote his views. but certainly never would have taken. His hopes were again disappointed, and the peace, which has decided the fate of the Ionian Islands, and guaranteed their independence, must at length have convinced him that his hopes were vain.

His artillery consists of 200 pieces, and is distributed in the several fortresses of Albania and Epirus, not reckoning what there may be in the other governments; it is in general ill furnished and ill served.

It is difficult, or rather impossible, to estiIn the year 1807, he actually believed that mate with any degree of exactness, the po- his object was nearly attained. The assistpulation of the countries under Ali's governance which he received from France, the ment. There are nowhere any lists upon proofs of respect, which almost placed him which a calculation might be founded. M. on a level with crowned heads, dazzled him Pouqueville has noted it at 1,500,000 souls. to such a degree, that he already ascribed to Amidst all his plans of aggrandizement, From the above sketch of Ali Pacha's himself a considerable weight in the scale Ali is by no means easy with respect to the If the extent of Ali's dominions is correctly that a diversion on his side must be useful the one side, he fears the plots of the Greeks; of European politics. He saw very clearly fate of his possessions after his death. On stated at one-third of Turkey, we should ima- to the French army, as it must attract the on the other, the consequences of misungine the population must amount to more than attention of the Russian commanders to derstandings between his heirs themselves. a million and a half. Even if we suppose his to be the least populous part of the empire, and Corfu, and keep them employed; he there- His eldest son, Mouctar, possesses personal estimate the population of the other two-thirds fore appeared very ready to undertake this at five millions, adding another million for the capital, yet still seven and a half millions must be much below the amount of the population of Turkey in Europe. Editor.

task. But as, in his opinion, every service
ought to be rewarded, and he rated his own
importance very highly, he now flattered
himself that the French government would

courage, probity, and generosity; he is a friend to the arts and sciences; his attachment to Euphrosyne has given to his disposition mildness and polish. War, however, is his favorite pursuit, and when he

Rev. Thomas Lewes, of Brasennose Coll.
Bachelors of Arts.-Mr. Dacre Clemetson,
St. Alban Hall.

Mr. William Salmon Bagshaw, of Worcester College.

Mr. Daniel Jones, of Jesus College.

Mr. Char. Leycester, of Brasennose Coll.

CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 10.-The Rev. Wm. Webb, D. D. Master of Clare Hall, was on Tuesday last elected Vice-Chancellor of this University for the year ensuing.

Dr. Porteus's annual gold medal, of 15gs. value, given to the Students of Christ College, for the best English composition on some moral precept of the Gospel, has this year been adjudged to Mr. Stephen Isaacson, third son of Mr. Isaacson, of Moulton.Subject, "Love thine enemies."

Nov. 14.-The following gentlemen were admitted to Degrees on Wednesday last : Masters of Arts.-Charles Semple, of Clare Thomas Henry Backhouse, of Pembroke Hall.

Hall.

Rev. Alfred Lawrence, of Christ College.
Rev. James Hoste, of Christ College.
Bachelor in Civil Law.-Edward Kinners-

cannot follow it, the chase serves him for Veli's situation has considerably changed
his recreation. He is plain in his dress, tem- of late years. After the end of the last war
perate, bold, and unsuspecting; he wanders with Russia, in which he honourably dis-of
through the mountains on foot, is contented tinguished himself, his government of the
with bread and water, if necessary, and with Morea was taken from him, and given, by
the hardest couch. In camp he fares like a Sultan Mahmoud, to a Turk from Constanti-
common soldier, and sleeps upon the ground, nople, named Achmet Pacha. Complaints
wrapped in a coarse Albanian cloak. As it respecting his administration, made by the
is known that he punctually fulfils his en- inhabitants to the Government, were the
gagements, every body is ready, all over pretext for his disgrace. Ali Pacha did not
his father's dominions, to meet his wishes. express any dissatisfaction at it; and as his
Whatever is lent to him, he always repays credit with the Porte remained unimpaired,
at the time stipulated; he often adds pre- and Achmet Pacha was one of his favorites,
sents, and in all cases obliging expressions and his agent to the divan, it is hardly to be
of acknowledgment. Fourteen days before doubted that he himself caused the change,
he was forced to depart for Lepanto, he induced by distrust of his own son. Veli
caused it to be proclaimed, by sound of had become too powerful in the Morea, for
trumpet, that whoever had any claims upon the father to feel himself perfectly assured
him should apply for payment. He accord- of the continued obedience of the son; the
ingly paid them all; and meeting, in the protection which he afforded the inhabitants,
streets, one of his creditors, who was just and the pains he took to gain their confi-
returned from a journey, he made his train dence, rather tended to excite the apprehen-
halt, in order to pay him likewise. The sion that he had it in contemplation to
strictness and integrity of his principles cause make himself independent of his father.
a certain coolness between Mouctar and his Achmet Pacha, an ignorant and fanatical
father, to whom he, however, always be-Turk, is more easy to be governed, and the
haves with becoming respect; the same Morea is in fact under Ali's government.
principles make him despise his brother, The removal of his son from his post, afford-
whom he considers as an extravagant and ed him another advantage. The city of ly, Esq. of Trinity Hall.
dishonourable man. Ali, on his side, has Larissa, though dependent on the Sandgiak
no attachment to Mouctar, whom he rather of Trikala, was used to have a particular
fears. The Greeks love and esteem him, governor chosen from among its own beys;
and the reverence of the Albanians for him it never would admit Ali within its walls,
knows no bounds.
and obeyed him only when it thought pro-
Ali Pacha's second son, Veli, in many re- per. The divan secretly promoted this
spects resembles his father. Like him, he is resistance, and had always declined giving
covetous, ambitious, false and distrustful. to Ali the firman which he desired. He
He is rapacious, and does not perform what now succeeded in getting his son appointed
be promises. He is often in want of money, governor of Larissa, which opened the gates
but does not find people inclined to lend, as of the city, and made the beys subject to
his brother does. He is a lover of magnifi- him.
cence and show; dress and furniture are Sally Bey, Ali's third son, is a child, who
important concerns with him; and his effe- has scarcely left the harem; he has an
minate and dissolute way of life is very ex-agreeable person, and a gentle disposition.
pensive. By his extravagance he has deeply All that can at present be said of him is,
involved himself in debt. Those who serve that his father loves him the most of his
him are paid ill, or not at all. He shows a three sons, because he cannot yet be an
great propensity to European manners and object either of his fear or distrust.
customs, and the liberty that distinguishes
them. He wishes very much to have a
theatre; one day he asked the French con-
sul, showing him the finest mosque in Ioan-
nina, whether it were large enough to be
converted into a theatre in the Italian style?
He had a very great desire to travel through
Europe, partly in order to show himself at
Thursday, Nov. 6, the Rev. John Banks
the different courts as a rich and powerful Jenkinson, M. A. sometime Student of Christ
prince, and partly to make himself acquaint-Church, and nominated Dean of Worcester,
ed with European manners. He made a
proposal to this effect, to his father, and Saturday, Nov. 8, Doctor in Divinity.
was admitted Bachelor in Divinity; and on
endeavoured to gain his assent to it, upon

LEARNED SOCIETIES.

OXFORD, NOV. 14.-On Saturday, Nov. 1,
the Hon. Charles Rodolph Trefusis, B. A.
Fellow of All Souls' College, was admitted
Master of Arts.

Wednesday, Nov. 12, the Rev. John
Joseph Goodenough, M. A. and sometime
Fellow of New College, was admitted Ba-
chelor in Divinity.

men were admitted to Degrees:
Thursday, Nov. 13, the following gentle-
Goodenough, of New College.
Doctor in Divinity. — Rev. John Joseph

political motives. But Ali Pacha, who
knows his son to be a great prodigal, saw
very well that the business might cost him
some millions of piastres, and would not
hear of it. Veli also possesses personal cou-
rage, by which he acquired distinction and
reputation during the last war against Rus-
sia. He is jealous of his brother, and it is
not probable, that when his father dies, he
will be disposed peaceably to acknowledge
his right of primogeniture, and leave to him
the government of Ioannina. Ali has in-grand compounder.
deed more regard for him than for Mouctar,
yet still his distrust extends also to hinı.

Masters of Arts.-Rev. John Combe Compton, Fellow of Merton College, grand compounder.

Rev. William Patteson, of Balliol College,

Rev. Thomas Blackman Newell, of Christ
Church.

The subject of the Norrisian prize essay for the present year is-What confirmation does the credibility of the Gospel History derive from the number and concurrence of the Evangelists?

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.-The following gentlemen were yesterday elected Fellows of this society :-Rev. Richard Newton Adams, M. A.; Rev. Wm. Lewis Pugh Garnons, M. A.; and George Henry Keene, Esq. B. A. Fellows on the Foundation.-The Rev. John James Cory, M. A. Fellow on Mr. Smith's Foundation. The Rev. Edmund Southcomb, B. A. Fellow on Mr. Blundell's Foundation.

The French Academy has determined to hold, on the first Tuesday of every month, an extraordinary public sitting, to be devoted to reading the works of its members, and hearing discussions on grammar, &c. The individuals who enjoy the privilege of attending these sittings have each received a silver medal, on one side of which is a wreath of olive, enclosing the words, French Academy and Royal Institute of France; and on the other a head of the King, with the fol lowing legend: Louis XVIII. Protector of the Academy.

At the first sitting, (Nov. 4th.) the perpetual Secretary read a notice to remind the academicians of the rules formerly observed on such occasions.

M. Baour de Lormian read a fragment from the 13th Canto of the new poetical translation of Jerusalem delivered, in a style which drew forth the admiration of all present. Several observations were made on the fragment, which gave rise to discussions among some of the members.

M. François de Neufchateau closed the sitting by reading an essay on the difficulties relative to French participles. This dissertation included a store of information

on the subject, and will give rise, at the en-
suing sittings, to discussions which may
perhaps bring about an academic decision on
that important part of grammar.

BIOGRAPHICAL PORTRAITS.
MEMOIR OF M. SUARD,

PERPETUAL SECRETARY OF THE FRENCH
ACADEMY.

war.

J. B. Ant. Suard was born at Besançon in 1733, of a respectable family, under whose superintendence he received his education as a student in the law schools of his native place. The pupils of those schools and the officers of the garrison were almost always at The officers claimed a superiority over the citizens; but the students, quitting the lectures for the fencing school, there acquired the art of giving effect to their legitimate opposition; and every night one of them was charged with maintaining the honour of the school. It came to young Suard's turn. An officer passed. "Who goes there?" "A student at law." "Take the left." "Take it yourself, or draw." Their swords were immediately crossed, and M. Suard laid his antagonist lifeless at his He was apprehended, torn from his family, and thrown into one of the dungeons of the castle of Joux, where he was not permitted to see any person; and it was long before he obtained his liberation. After this adventure he removed to Paris, where a

feet.

left no work behind him that he can be

prospectus, a preface, or a critical letter; he Revolution, but his integrity and modera-
was entrusted, together with the Abbé Ar- tion kept him aloof from all excess. Through
naud, with the editing of the Gazette de the friendship of M. Le Noir, Lieutenant of
France. Before the revolution, this Gazette Police, he was appointed Censor of the Mi-
was the only paper authorized by the go-nor Spectacles. This kind of Censorship did
vernment; it appeared only twice a week, not consist in taking care to prevent the ap-
and although the editor received a liberal pearance of any thing which the governinent
salary, he frequently left the work to some might deem hostile to the welfare of the
subalterns, and often had not read what he state, but in observing that the privileges of
was presumed to have written. This Ga- the great theatres were not infringed on, or
zette was in 1790, the depot of all the their interests compromised.
silly trifles of the day. Who would believe
He undertook a daily paper about this
that Suard was long the editor (or redacteur) time, with the title of Nouvelles Politiques,
of a publication so insipid, and that this editor the principles of which were sound and in
was chosen in 1772 into the French aca- direct opposition to the furious sentiments
demy? He had no right to this distinction, of the Sans Culottes mob. During this san-
but he was the secret agent of the hats, and guinary period, his party fell into disrepute,
made underhand war on the bonnets. Such many of his colleagues perished on the scaf-
which divided the academy. The bonnets returned however to France under the Con-
were the denominations of the two parties fold, and Suard retired to Switzerland. He
reckoned in their ranks the abbes, the bi-sular government, was appointed a Member
shops, the tartuffes, and the envious: they of the Legion of Honour, a Member of the
had for their leader the Duc de Richelieu. Institute, perpetual Secretary of the class of
pedists, the real men of letters: at their mission of the Dictionary, and had a pen-
The hats were the philosophers, the encyclo- French Literature, a Member of the Com-
head was the Duc de Nivernois. The bon- sion assigned him in addition to these vari-
nets succeeded in getting the nomination of ous employments. He resumed the title of
Suard disapproved by the king, under the Publiciste, the journal which had caused his
pretext that his orthodoxy was doubtful. He proscription; but some disagreeable circum-
did not deserve either the honour of being stances in which he was involved, by it
elected, nor the mortification of being ex- obliged him to relinquish the direction of
better; the order of the king was revoked.
cluded; however, in 1774, the hats got the this journal.
Suard, as Gilbert says,

“Tomba, de chute en chute, au trône académique."
indifferent, and went little further than to
His discourse on admission was found but
prove that he was a good Christian.

In 1803 he edited, with the Abbé Vauxelles, Opuscules philosophiques et littéraires, most of them posthumous and inedited, with handsome person, pleasing manners, and a year co-operated in the Archives littéraires. biographical accounts; and in the following cultivated mind gained him admittance into the best company. His literary attainments, His other literary performances are:-A Life which were by no means profound, rendered In 1777 a very serious and very animated of Tasso, prefixed to Le Brun's Translation him partial to works of taste. He wrote Piccinists. La Harpe and Marmontel wrote Littérature 1803-5, 5 vols. 8vo.; an edition dispute arose between the Gluckists and the of the Jerusalem delivered; Mélanges de in a pure style, and his chief application in favour of the latter; Suard took on him conjointly with the Abbé Morellet of Euvres was directed to the works of English au- the defence of the music of Gluck; the re- complètes de Vauvenargues, preceded by an thors. He has written a great deal, but has flections of the Abbé Dubos on poetry, paint-account of his life and writings, 1806, 2 vols. queath to posterity. He had a talent foring, and music, are well known; it is the 8vo.; and Confessions de Madame de concealing his own secrets, and for ingeni- these subjects. most useful book that has been written on principes de Morale pour se conduire dans le ously making himself acquainted with those Dubos, however, had no monde, 1817, 2 vols. 12mo. To this curious of others. He was mild, flattered the great, verses, and had not a picture in his house; who died some years since, M. Suard has knowledge of music, he had never written work of a female of superior understanding gallant and attentive to the ladies; a little but he had seen and reflected much: the attached a preface; but he is censured for more than insinuating with people in place, and he knew how to make himself useful same may be said of Suard; he did not know having neglected to suppress some passages. to men of letters. He made his debut in a note of music, and his letters in favour of the world as an author, by a pamphlet under and taste; the most delicate pleasantry perthe Gluckists are full of ingenuity (finesse) the name of Desfontaines; he was admitted vades them; they are models of their kind; to take a part in several journals, and printed this little performance is the very best thing a collection of his various contributions un- he has written, and yet it is absolutely forgot der the title of Literary Varieties. Encou- ten. The Piccinists did not think themundertook the translation of Robertson's in this musical war, a poem in which the return he gave parties once a week, and the conquered; announced, History of Charles V.; but every moment Gluckists were to be ridiculed, (mystified). advantage of being admitted to them was of his time being taken up with the petits Suard knowing the cowardice of his adver-highly appreciated. His memory was unsoupers, the coulisses, the boudoirs, and intrigues, he employed persons not much sary, threatened him with vengeance if he impaired, his conversation untinctured with known, to make the first translation, and published his poem; the poem however ap- catarrhal fever carried him off in a few acrimony, full of intelligence and urbanity. contented himself with revising, correcting, peared, and Suard limited his revenge to the and polishing it. He employed three years days on the 20th of July, aged 84 years. following epigram. in finishing this translation which is much esteemed, though thought not so elegant as the original. The preliminary discourse, on which more attention is bestowed, than on all the rest, does him great honour. Naturally indolent, too much engaged in the pleasures of society to undertake a long work, and having a happy turn for drawing up a

Le

Ce Marmontel si long, si lent, si lourd,
Qui ne parle jamais, qui beugle,
Juge la peinture en aveugle,
pédant à si sotte mine,
Et la musique comme un sourd;

Et de ridicules bardé,

Dit qu'il a le secret des beaux vers de Racine;
Jamais secret ne fut si bien gardé.

M. Suard favoured the first ideas of the

and Officer of the Legion of Honour, and On the return of the king, Suard was recontinued, till the latest period of his life, to appointed Secretary to the French Academy be the delight of all those companies in Paris, where agreeable conversation is preferred to

A

M. Suard was united to a lady who was the delight of his youth, the felicity of his maturer years, whose constant attention rendered his old age happy-a lady in every respect worthy of that homage which he paid her with his dying breath.

His remains were deposited in the burialground of Pere Lachaise, the ordinary place of interment for members of the Institute.

The following curious document forms infer, that some further observations, call- of art-not that they are intrinsically an appropriate appendage to the biography ed forth by the latter, will not be unac-excellent in their kind, but BECAUSE of Suard. ceptable. they are the works of artists of the age An inedited Letter of the Chevalier Gluck In my first communication, I carefully of Phidias, and superior on this account to the Countess of Pries, sister to Count d'Escherny. abstained from touching upon any sub- to almost any of the works of antiquity, Madam, I have been so tormented about ject that was matter of mere opinion; except the Laocoon and the Torso:" music, and I am so disgusted with it, that and confined myself to such as might be these being superior for a similar reason, I would not write even a note for a Louis. elucidated by aucient documents or local namely, "because they are known to Never was there a more terrible, and more observation. Mr. Burrow has, however, have been executed by artists whose warmly contested battle, than that which I thought fit to allude, in terms of repre-names are recorded by ancient authors." have fought with my opera of Armida. The cabals against Iphigenia, Orpheus and Alceste, hension, to my sentiments as to the me- Report, p. 71. Viewing them unfettered by such prewere, in comparison, insignificant skirmishes rits of the Athenian sculptures in the between the light troops. The Ambassador British Museum, "in opposition to the judices, and confirmed in my opinion of of Naples, is indefatigable in caballing unanimous opinion of all those persons their merits by the situation originally against me, both at court and among the whose skill in their profession must ren- assigned to them, far removed from crinobility, in order to insure great success to der them unquestionable judges of true tical inspection, I ventured to speak of Piccini's opera. He has gained La Harpe, excellence in the imitative arts." If the them with less enthusiasm than some Marmontel, and some academicians, to write faculty of discerning what is excellent professed judges, and to rank them as against my system of music and my manner of composing. The Abbé Arnaud, M. Suard, in sculpture resides solely with those inferior to some statues in this kingdom. and some others, have taken on them to de- who are sculptors by profession, Mr. Canova, unquestionably the first sculpfend me, and the quarrel has become so Burrow has no pretension to be consider- tor of the age, is extremely guarded in warm, that from words they would have ed as a competent judge; and it might his commendations, contained in his letcome to blows, had not their common friends be thought presumption to offer himself ter to Lord Elgin; he acknowledges interfered. Behold then a revolution in mu- to the public as a qualified critic. But great merit, but avoids all comparison sic in France! The enthusiasts say to me, this faculty may be the result of exten- with the chef-d'œuvres of Italy. "Sir, you are happy in the honor of being persecuted; it is the fate of all great ge- sive observations on the various produc- In order to show how little agreed even niuses." I would willingly send them to tions of the best ages of the art; and sculptors are, as to the merits of the the devil with their fine speeches: the fact there may be persons who, having seen most extolled statues of the collection, is, that the opera, which it was pretended more of ancient sculpture than any one I have collated the evidence of two of had not succeeded, has produced in seven of the "unquestionable judges" in Mr. great note, offered before the select comrepresentations 37,200 livres, not including Burrow's list, may presume to differ in mittee. the boxes, let by the year, and the subscribers. Yesterday, on the eighth repreopinion from them; although it has never sentation, the receipt was 5,767 livres. The been their lot to wield the implements pit was so crowded that a man, who had his of the art. This, which I offer in vindihat on his head, and was desired by the sen- cation of the opinion I hold, may not tinel to take it off, answered, "Come, then, and be satisfactory to Mr. Burrow; and I take it off yourself, for I cannot use my arms.' claim your indulgence for trespassing This excited a laugh. I have seen people come out with their hair all in disorder, and "pon your time and attention, in offering their clothes as wet as if they had fallen into some observations upon the variance in a river. One must be a Frenchman to purthe testimony of these "unanimous" adchase a pleasure at such a price. There are mirers. six passages in the opera which compel the public to lose their composure, and to give foose to their feelings (de perdre contenance et de s'emporter). Come, Madam, and see all this tumult; it will amuse you as much as the opera itself.

I am, with the most perfect consideration, Madam, your very humble, very obedient, servant, the CHEVALIER GLUCK.

MR. FLAXMAN,

1. Prefers the Apollo Belvedere to the Theseus. p. 72.

2. Does not esteem the draped figures very highly. p. 78.

3. Thinks the Ilissus extremely inferior to the Theseus. p. 80.

MR. WESTMACOT,

1. Thinks the Theseus and the Rivergod infinitely superior to the Apollo. p. 81.

2. Thinks the draped figures of the same excellence as the Theseus and Ilissus. p. 82.

No one will deny that the Elgin collection is at once most interesting and valuable. Valuable to artists, as to the beneficial effects that may be derived 3. Thinks the Theseus and Ilissus so from studies judiciously directed; and interesting, as the productions of a peo- excellent that he cannot determine which ple with whose history every thing noble he would prefer. Ib. and romantic is associated. The interest Thus we see that those whom Mr. Burwould be the same, were the degree of row considers to be unquestionable judges, merit, exhibited in the different subjects, entertain opinions totally at variance with much less than it is. But as the present each other. question relates to their real merits as To resume the subject of the topograworks of art, we must divest ourselves phy of Athens, the charge I alledged of all prejudices which blind the judg- against Mr. Burrow was, that "his opiment, and strip them of the false charm nions were adopted without reference to which is thrown over them by attribut- the connexion existing between the parts ing them to the hand of Phidias and his in detail and the subject as a whole." I disciples. The effect of such association am justified in asserting that this charge is conspicuous in the evidence given be- is confirmed by his reply. fore the select committee of the House In disputing his allocation of the temof Commons. A celebrated sculptor ple of Aglaurus, I gave two reasons for thinks the Elgin marbles inestimable-supposing it to have been situated at the not for reasons which alone ought to have 'I quote from the octavo edition of the Reweight when we consider them as works port.

aras dicitur.

WILLIAM WILKINS. 36, Weymouth Street, Nov. 6, 1817.

LETTERS ON SWEDEN.
BY BARON BURGOING.

foot of the Acropolis towards the east; work of Visconti, which may perhaps |luded to, and always by the same expresone, that the spot is described by Hero- convince him that his telum imbelle has sion, poσтuσis. If Mr. Burrow does not dotus to be near where the rock was the recoiled upon himself. "On voit claire-find authority for rendering this term a very abrupt; and by Pausanias, to be ment que sur trois de ces bas-reliefs, ces portico, he must be reminded that it is the most abrupt; and therefore could not figures représentent des hommes; et que also applied to the hexastyle front facing not be near the west end, where the rock sur le quatrième elles représentent DES the east, enɩ rηy pooraσLY TηY πpos EW: is the least abrupt: the other, that Pau- FEMMES. Quand on rappelle que les and that many of the words are techuical, sanias describes it as near the Prytaneum, peintures du Pacile, exécutées par Mi- and several quite obsolete. The tranwhich Mr. Burrow has placed, in his plan, con, représentoient également la victoire script of Chandler is in many parts inat the foot of the rock towards the east. des Athéniens sur les Amazons, et la dé- complete and erroneous; and his interInstead of replying to these objections, faite des Perses .... et que ces sujets pretation, for want of technical knowthe Reverend author contents himself étoient réunis dans des bas-reliefs placés ledge, unintelligible. Schneider, the with repeating his quotation from Ulpian, par Attale, roi de Pergame, sur les murs learned and voluminous commentator of which places it near the Propylæa. The extérieurs de l'Acropole, il doit paroître Vitruvius, has given some annotations incidental mention of the story of Aglau- très vraisemblable qu'on les a pareille- upon this very inscription; which, howrus occurs in a discourse upon a subject ment réunis et sculptés sur la frize du ever, he knows only by Chandler's tranwhich has no connexion with the history temple d'Aglaure." p. 120. script. Upon the word pooтaσel he or topography of Athens; and the testi- I regret that my description of the observes, "Redit lin. 62, 63, 67. in fronte mony that might be inferred from it, as Erectheum should have misled Mr. Bur- vertit Chandler. Sed vocabulum idem to the locality of the temple, may there- row into the belief that the construction significare quod pooras, Hesychio pоGfore be rejected without scruple, when of the little building, attached to the Twov." Corol. ad Vitruv. lib. iv. c. iii. it militates against the concurring ac- south side of the temple, permitted no Mr. Burrow will not want to be informcounts of Herodotus and Pausanias. passage without; but he misrepresents ed where he may find the following exUlpian seems to have fallen into a ine when he states me to say that several planation of the word napaoras. Portisimilar error with Mr. Burrow, and hav-steps lead down from one building to cus, vel pars ædificii Græci quæ et æрoing learnt, from earlier writers, that the another, the floors of which are nearly temple of Aglaurus was near the front of level. I stated that a staircase was disthe Acropolis, supposes this and the en-covered, within the portico, leading down trance to be the same. Ulpian does not to a door-way in the south wall of the state the temple to have been in existence temple: having first explained that the at the time. ground without was eight feet above the Mr. Burrow's illustration of the pas- level of the portico and the temple. sage in Herodotus is inapplicable, to say The existence of a door-way might have nothing of the assertion that the south been inferred from this discovery without door of St. Paul's Cathedral is as much reference to the plan: in this, however, Stockholm, Sept. 1st, 180*. behind the western entrance as a door at the podium, or continued pedestal, upon At Lidkoeping I lodged in a large house, the east end would be. It would be more which the columnar statues are placed, quite new, which excited my surprise in apposite to describe the relative situa- terminates on the eastern return with the another way. It was, as you may imagine, tions of the Acropolis and the approach statue, and leaves an interval between it entirely of wood, clean and fresh as a linenby comparing them to St. Paul's Church- and the south wall sufficient for an en-press just come out of the hands of the cabinet-maker; it contained a saloon of such yard and Ludgate-hill. What would be trance. Thus one of the grounds on understood by saying, that a point a lit-which he objects to my calling this part where, even in royal palaces, and belonged prodigious size, as is not to be met with elsetle to the right of the western gateway of the building a portico vanishes. of the railing, or inclosure, was behind Stuart, whose conjecture Mr. Burrow it. On my asking what she could do with that gateway and Ludgate-hill? Would prefers, as being more consistent with such a large house, I received for answer, there be any thing unintelligible in the the text of Pausanias," begins his de- that Mrs. Lobeck, (this I think was her assertion, that the eastern gateway of the scription of the building with the follow-name,) let her saloon to the beau-monde of inclosure is behind, with reference to the ing words: "To the north of the Parthe- the neighbourhood for balls. In that case, thought I, all West Gothland might dance western gateway and Ludgate-hill ? non, at the distance of about one hun-in it at once! In the intervals between these Mr. Burrow concedes that the battle dred and fifty feet, are the remains of provincial balls, Mrs. Lobeck lets her house, between the Athenians and Amazons did THREE contiguous temples." I am at a including the saloon, to travellers who are perhaps ornament the frieze of the sepul- loss to discover the consistency between chre of Hippolytus; but contends that this passage and the following quotation "the little Tonic building (his temple of from Pausanias: "Eori de Kai oikηua 'Epéx Aglaurus) could not be that tomb, be- delov radovμevov ..... kaì dirλovv yáp éσr cause the sculptured stones do not bear rò oinua. lib. i. 26. one trace of an Amazon throughout the The evidence afforded by the Athenian bas-relief:" and hereupon he retorts upon inscription is conclusive as to the pur-try for its abundance of fruit-trees. me the charge of careless investigation, port of this part of the building; and I asserting that I have mistaken for femi- will venture to predict that Visconti, nine, figures in the well-known costume when he has bestowed one tenth part of of barbarians. As an inducement to the time and attention upon this docuMr. Burrow to inspect the frieze with ment that I have done, will be of the "the eye of an antiquary," I will give same opinion. The three porticoes of him the following quotation from the the Erectheum are therein severally al

LETTER III. (Concluded.)
To the Countess of C

to a widow, who, however, does not reside in

not satisfied with the miserable inn of the town. They brought me, from a publicthe place, a son-in-law of the widow, did house, a good supper, at which the doctor of the honours, and took his place at table. The next day I passed the hill of Schinakulla, which is very celebrated in this coun

Beyond Kalligen you pass through a wellcultivated country. I observed here remarkably low peasants' huts, and a number of windmills, so extremely small that they a size rather larger. than usual. I fancied might have been taken for children's toys, of myself transported into Lapland, and was still 100 German miles distant from it.