ones of absorption, circulation and exhala- | laws of motion, having no obstacle to their important to observe, that this excellent astion, and the animal ones of the same kind, progress, would infallibly percur that void, tronomer has uniformly found the spaces and of respiration, intellectual action and and instantly occupy it.' surrounding nebulæ almost entirely destitute obvious loco-motion, we cannot help per- Now, from the laws of motion already of stars. ceiving, wherever we turn our eyes, the established, it is obvious that this flood of Now, upon the principles already estabperpetuity and universality of motion. aerial impulses, must, if unopposed by any lished, these facts are easily explained, and Thus, the earth presents one moving surface other force, extend to and powerfully influence the nature of that which is mysteriously -a surface from every point of which innu- the planetary bodies. The great character-termed planetary attraction becomes apmerable vibrations are every instant ascending istic, of the motions of which I am treating parent. The general impulsion arising from in uninterrupted succession. Hence, it unde- is, that, far from being, in any degree, re-all points of such a nebula as the galaxy, niably follows, that a flood of aerial impulses is sisted by the medium in which they take must 'unavoidably force toward each other always radiating from it. Indeed the uni- place, they are actually produced and con- the individual bodies composing any less versality of motion being thus demonstrated, tinued by it, and must, therefore, be, under nebula occupying its internal parts, as our and its perpetuity, its more easy communi- all circumstances, incomparably more effi- planetary system does, and, with wonderful cation to light bodies, and its consequent cacious than those actions which fall under simplicity, the very same general impulsion tendency to ascend, being proven, this flood our observation at the superficies of the will keep the spaces surrounding nebulæ free of aerial impulsion cannot be denied. earth. of stars, as Dr. Herschell has observed. Analogy must lead us also to conclude, that even the galaxy is a portion of some greater nebula, of which the general impulsion similarly influences it. It may be argued, that, if the Newtonian system be correct in the exclusion of matter from the celestial spaces, there will be no medium by which this impulsion can be effected between the different bodies composing the planetary system. Thus, then, I have not only established the perpetuity of motion, its more easy communication to light bodies, its tendency to ascend, its amazing universality (the whole planetary bodies presenting so many moving superficies), its forming a flood of aerial inpulses, and the certainty with which this flood must percur the planetary interspaces, Thus, by one single operation, the spaces surrounding nebulæ are rendered free of stars, and, by the very removal of stars from these spaces-by their concentration, these nebulæ are formed. Thus, all the phenomena and more than the phenomena, which can be explained by the assumed mysterious and unintelligible principle of planetary attraction, are explained by the application of simple and easi ly understood principles which have already been established.1 Thus, then, is planetary attraction very simply accounted for, without the aid of mysterious agency. II. SUBDIVISION. OF PLANETARY REPULSION, Thus far, then, the causes of phenomena It is also further apparent from the facts are assigned, and we do not suppose, or deal already established that these bodies must either in imaginary beings, or imaginary ac-influence each other precisely according to tions, but strictly theorize. their magnitude, and their contiguity to each other; for, upon this, must implicitly depend the extent and the power of the flood of aerial impulsion which they produce, and consequently the precise degree in which the motions of the less ones are under the controul of those of the greater. And here, I Now, in answer to this, I would first ob-nay observe, that, in perfect consistency serve that the absence of matter from the with this truth, the smaller bodies or placelestial spaces is a mere assumption. This nets move around the sun, the satellites absence of matter, so completely the reverse around the planets, &c. of whatever we see in nature besides, is assumed merely in order to explain why the planets do not appear to be resisted in their course: but, in obviating this difficulty, it involves the gross absurdity of attraction and other operations pervading a space where IMPULSION, AND ROTATION. there would be nothing to act, and where Now it must be obvious that the flood of consequently there could be no operation. aerial impulsion emanating from each indiIt thus, in lieu of a slight difficulty, intro-more especially if they could, for a moment, vidual planet of such a nebula as our planetduces a great one-even a contradiction and be rendered void; but I have also proven ary system-an impulsion becoming more an absurdity. that, in whatever degree these floods of perceptible and more powerful the nearer Now, we have already seen that all motion aerial impulsions exist, they must mutually these individual bodies approach each other, ascends; and we also know it to be an in-influence each other, and the bodies from will effectually prevent the possibility of their fallible axiom in science, that motion never which they emanate; and likewise that these coalescing in consequence of the general terminates in one body without being propa- bodies must thus affect each other precisely impulsion of the greater nebula of which gated to others. Therefore, motion, in its according to their magnitude and contiguity. they form a part; for, precisely in proportion ascent, cannot be terminated. We also know, Thus far the causes of phenomena are as the flood of aerial impulsion of each inthat the rarer the particles are, the more cer- assigned, and we do not suppose, or deal ei-dividual planet of the less nebula increases, tainly will motion be communicated to them, ther in imaginary beings or imaginary ac-in consequence of their common approxima in conformity to the law already established. tions, but strictly theorize. Hence, it irresistibly follows, that, if the 1. SUBDIVISION. OF PLANETARY ATTRACTION. planetary interspaces could be rendered void of It is very important to remark that all the mutter, they would only be with the greater celestial bodies, which are within the scope certainty instantaneously filled by it. If there of our vision, are formed into masses termed existed in them no matter to interrupt the nebulæ, and that these again constitute progress, and receive the motion of the bo- masses of still greater magnitude. Dr. Hersdies which had reached the boundaries of the chell has shown, that the galaxy or milkyvoid, these particles, by the acknowledged way is a great stratum of stars to which our sun and planetary system belong, and has "The gazzes which compose the atmos- also conjectured, with much probability, that phere of each heavenly body are constantly all that sidereal system-that apparently renewed by the decomposition of vegetable immense stratum, is nothing more than a and animal substances, and of water. The detached nebula in the heavens. It is equally result of this is the (production of) hydrogen gaz, which on account of its greater lightness "I demonstrate the impossibility of a vaalways rises to the higher part of the atmos-cuum, and that the celestial bodies, far from phere, where it indefinitely dilates itself in attracting, repel each other. The system of space. The limit of this dilatation is the sun Newton is therefore false." LETTER OF GEfor our planetary system." LETTER OF GENERAL ALLIX. tion; in the same proportion does the general impulsion of the greater nebula enveloping them diminish, in consequence of their gradual concentration toward one point and removal from its influence. In this manner, then, must the flood of aerial impulsion emanating from the sun repel from it the various planets of our system, and, in the same manner, must that emanating from the earth repel the moon, and from Jupiter, Saturn and the Georgium Sidus, their respective satel lites. As the floods of aerial impulsion emanating from these individual bodies is incom parably less than that general impulsion arising from the great nebula by which they are invested, so they operate at a much "I demonstrate that the celestial bodies, far from attracting, repel each other." LETNERAL ALLIX.-Here the General's summary 2 "The moving cause of the heavenly bo-TER OF GENERAL ALLIX. assertion differs from the preceding elaborate dies exists in the pressures which the gazzes 2 I demonstrate that the celestial bodies, proof, chiefly by saying that the impelling composing their atmosphere exercise on their far from attracting, repel each other." LETAuid is hydrogen! surface." LETTER OF GENERAL ALLIX. TER OF GENERAL ALLIX. Thus is planetary repulsion most simply accounted for, without the aid of that mysterious agent which planetary repulsion is generally thought to be. tance.? influence. length. smaller distance than the latter, and permit consistently with this fact, Mercury, Venus, bat with these amphibious monsters. Hethe bodies from which they proceed to fall and the Earth bear, in their distances, some liogabalus likewise had crocodiles brought to under the influence of limited and peculiar proportion to their magnitudes. The same Rome, which, it is said, were fed upon phealaws. observation may, in some measure, be ap- sants and parrots! Towards the end of the plied to their distance from each other. year 1661,a very young crocodile was brought Now, by this theory, it is apparent why to Versailles, which died a month after its the force of these attractions, as they are term- arrival. Valmon de Bomard, in 1766, saw an ed, is always proportional to the quantity of African crocodile in London; and, in 1783, This, therefore, being established, we have matter in bodies, and not less so why it de- he saw an American one in the Menagerie next to examine the more limited and pecu-creases as the square of the distance increases.' at Chantilly, which was about four feet in liar laws which are thus permitted to operate For the last of these circumstances, indeed, in consequence of the power of repulsion impulsion can alone account, because it is A crocodile conveyed alive to Europe is being less than that described in the last evident that the more remote the object to an object of great rarity, and cannot be resubdivision, and operating at a smaller dis-be impelled is, the less concentrated and placed, either to naturalists or the curious, powerful will a radiating impulsion be. For by those stuffed skins which amateurs so Now the sun appears to revolve round its it is not to be forgot, that a flood of aerial ostentatiously suspend from the ceilings of own axis once in 25 days, 14 hours, and 8 impulsion which radiates from a centre, as their cabinets. A stuffed crocodile was premin. In consequence of this, the flood of this does, must diverge and become weak in sented, some years ago, to the Museum of aerial impulsion which emanates from it proportion to the distance. Natural History at Paris, by the indefatigawill constantly be impinging, not in a direct, but in an oblique manner, against from which we have now made an abstract, the banks of the Mississippi, where, by his The author of the paper in the " Archives," ble botanist Michaux, who had killed it on the planetary bodies which are under its thus endeavours to deduce all the operations account, innumerable quantities of these these bodies, pressed toward each other by the sun; and, in the sequel, he accordingly pro- river of Louisiana, swells periodically every Hence it would follow, that of nature from the rotatory motion of the frightful reptiles are to be seen. general impulsion of the nebula investing them, ceeds to explain, with greater or less success, The Mississippi, the most considerable and repelled by their own peculiar and more the more important laws which regulate year; it would overflow its natural limits, limited floods of aerial impulsion, but, at the these operations.-Precisely in the same if the people who inhabit its banks did not same time, obliquely impinged upon toward what may be termed their posterior side by the manner, General Allix says: "From the the-guard against inundations by raising dykes ory which I announce to you, Gentlemen, from four to five feet high, and fifteen to twengreat solar impulsion, will inevitably be car sults with the same certainty, the same clear-ty or even twenty-five feet thick, which serve ried forward in an orbit; for, the two otherness, the same simplicity, the explanation of as paths for foot passengers. But who would forces limiting these bodies to a certain the constant and variable winds, of all the suppose that these strong dykes, capable of distance from the sun, the oblique direction phenomena of the atmosphere, and in short resisting the violence of the current, should of this impulse must carry them forward in of all those which exist in nature !"-The frequently yield to the obstinate labor of the an orbicular form. Hence, all the planets method which the General has fallen upon crabs with which the Mississippi abounds? revolve from west to east, or in the order of the to construct a New Theory of the World These animals are continually occupied in signs. certainly much more easy than honorable. digging subterraneous galleries, and if they Thus do we protest against this serious at- succeed in penetrating to the other side of tempt of the General to introduce into the the dyke, and this accident should take PILLER, of the French Revolutionary War!!! aperture may at first be, it will increase in pursuits of peace the motto - Sabrer et place during the night, however small the The General, however, could not well avoid few hours, and afford a large passage to picking that up, though a very honest man the impetuosity of the waters, which occasion the greater ravages because the ground and good officer. on the other side of the dyke forms a declivity from the banks of the river. At the duced by this singular cause, took place at beginning of last May, an inundation probitation of Mr. Macarthy; it soon covered three leagues from New Orleans, on the hatwo thirds of New Orleans. twelve leagues of ground, and submerged Thus also is planetary impulsion most simply accounted for, without the aid of mysterious agency. re is But it is evident, that impulses falling obliquely from a rotating sphere upon another, must unavoidably produce rotation in that sphere also, for they will soonest and most powerfully impinge upon the central or most prominent part of the sphere, and as they fall on it obliquely, laterally, or from behind, The Crocodiles, Crabs, and Yellow-Tortoises it must always move quicker than, and quently around, its axis.1 conse Thus, too, is planetary rotation most simply accounted for, without the aid of myste rious agency. NATURAL HISTORY. of the Mississippi. a ral The Crocodile inhabits only the warm if this formidable animal is occasionally countries of Asia, Africa, and America; and This hypothesis also, with equal simpli- transported to Europe, history records it as an city, accounts for the distance of the different extraordinary circumstance. In the year 58 of which, in 1807, he made an interesting The accounts written by M. Descourtile, planets from the sun, their distance from before J. C., Scaurus, during the fetes which each other, the eccentricity of their orbits, he gave at Rome, at the period of his edile- report to the French Institute, contain seve and the difference of the times of their revo-ed with water, and in which he showed five mingo, the truth of which may be relied on. ship, caused a canal to be dug, which he fill-ferocious habits of the crocodile of St. Donew details concerning the birth and With regard to the distance of the different crocodiles. The Emperor Augustus likewise According to the observations of M. Desplanets from the sun, it is evident that the filled the Flaminian Circus with water, and courtilz, the females are much more numegreater ought to be most distant; because exposed to the gaze of the multitude, thirty-rous than the males, though the latter fre between the greatest and the sun, the strongest six living crocodiles, which were killed by quently fight with each other through jeafloods of aerial impulsion must subsist, and an equal number of men accustomed to com lutions. “I demonstrate that the result of all the the squares of their radii: the planets keep forces which act on the surface of each at a greater distance from the sun, in proplanet, (I take the earth as the object of portion as their diameters are greater."demonstration,) passes to the east of its centre LETTER OF GENERAL ALLIX.-Here the two of gravity, and is found in the plane of its propositions in the text are merely inverted ecliptic, whence results its rotatory movement in their order! from west to east, and its progressive motion from east to west."-LETTER OF GENERAL ALLIX. "The pressures on the surface of the planets are in the ratio of their surfaces or of "The result of all the pressures, in as much as it determines the distances of the square of the distances."-LETTER OF GENEplanets from the sun, is therefore as the RAL ALLIX. lousy. The eggs are laid in the mouths of with her paws a circular hole in the sand, on March, April, and May. The female digs some elevated spot; in this hole she usually poses in beds separated by layers of earth. lays about twenty-eight eggs, which she disThe young are hatched at the end of a goes to month; about this time the female summon her progeny into active existence. Each young one breaks with its beak the which is no larger than that of a turkey, shell of the egg in which it is enclosed, and The female replies to the first utterance of POLITE LITERATURE. OF THE MODERN POETS-MR. CAMPBELL. A writer, then, who is too anxious her young by a hoarse and lengthened cry, informed that the first application of it to purwhich she repeats at equal intervals, and poses of usefulness, unconnected with Art, was about correctness, naturally aims rather scrapes away the earth by which they are made by His Grace the Duke of Wellington in surrounded to induce them to come forth. the Peninsular war, for the purpose of accom- at avoiding errors, than at inventing beauHis principal object is his lanHaving succeeded in bringing them from panying the general orders, instructions, &c. ties. with sketches of positions, and ground, which guage, and to render this perfect, he the earth, she warns them against the male, must certainly be of great advantage. We have frequently weakens or obscures, or else who seeks to devour them, and nourishes also seen a plan of the Battle of Waterloo, enthem for the space of three months with her graved on stone, (from a plan by Captain strengthens beyond the occasion, the own food, which she disgorges. The croco- Thomson) at the Horse-Guards, where we un. thoughts that lie smothered underneath. dile cannot swallow in the water without the derstand that this method is now much em- Thus he always seems as if he had been hazard of being suffocated by the fluid enter-ployed. obliged to search for his epithets, through ing his larynx; he therefore deposits in the the whole alphabetical parish, before he holes which he has dug under the water, could find them. The more obvious the brute animals or men who fall into mode of expression he rejects as vulgar, his power, and after leaving them there unand gives us in its stead something which til putrefaction takes place, he conveys them to the shore and devours them. The rigidity To the Editor of the Literary Gazette. is so new, that we cannot understand it. of his vertebræ is not so great as is supposed; Sir, Much as I admire the pathos, All this is more obvious in his Gertrude he can turn himself on one side so as to bite strength and correctness of Mr. Camp- of Wyoming, than in his other poems; his own tail. In addition to strength, he bell's poetry, I am sorry that I cannot and I shall give some instances. possesses a remarkable degree of cunning; he suffers himself to be borne along by the place him in the same rank either with Perchance, along thy river calm at noon, current of the water, half closing his eyes, Lord Byron or Mr. Scott. To deny that The happy shepherd swain had nought to do, and, when seen from a distance, his color he has equal powers with these writers, From morn till evening's sweeter pastime grew; Their timbrel, in the dance of forests brown, and want of motion cause him frequently to would seem somewhat invidious towards When lovely maidens prankt in flowerets new; be mistaken for a piece of floating wood. a living author, but certainly he has not yet And aye, those sunny mountains half way down, By this stratagem he surprises imprudent equalled them in their best productions. Would echo flageolet from some romantic town. bathers or the cattle which go to water on By the forced and inverted position the banks of the rivers or lakes which he Perhaps this proceeds from the unhappiness of his subjects, or from a certain of the words in this passage, one is at a inhabits. But the young crocodile at present in Paris has not yet attained a size, a timidity, which makes him fearful of ven- loss to know whether the poet meant that voice, or an appetite to excite alarm. This turing on a bolder wing, lest he should the river was generally calm, or calm animal, which a short time ago arrived from become food for critical Cynicism. Hence only at noon. Then in the third and New Orleans, does not appear to be more it is, that he nurses up his performances fourth lines, the "dance of forests," is than six months old. He is about one foot with such assiduous dotage, and takes rather too violent an expression for the in length, and has hitherto been content to such syllabical care of every line. Any "dance in forests;" and it is quite nefeed upon raw beef and large earth worms. On one or two occasions, however, his na- thing bordering on the confines of ab-cessary to inform the reader, that "timtural ferocity has been manifested. Two surdity, he is certain to reject; and thus, brel" is the accusative case to "prankt," yellow tortoises, the species of which was I fear, often erases some of his most and that " prankt" is not a participle hitherto unknown to our naturalists, and sublime conceptions; for there is no passive, but a verb in the subjunctive which have likewise been brought from doubt, that sublimity itself often borders nood. Lastly, whether "the sunny Louisiana, were lately placed in the same on absurdity, and, in many cases, one mountains half way down," means, "the basin with the crocodile: the extreme agility with which, at the approach of the least can scarcely separate bombast from gran-mountains sunny half way down," or what danger, they conceal their heads under their deur. The faults which spoil the poeti- it means, I should be sorry to decide shells, enabled them lately to escape his cal effect of his writings, are of a directly without a jury of poets. voracity; they have since been but rarely opposite nature to those which displease « That want's stern edict e'er, and feudal grief." trusted near an enemy who seems only to us in Lord Byron. Mr. Campbell is too When fate had reft his mutual heart-But she have feigned to take a pleasure in their society, in order to watch the more securely correct, or rather, he corrects himself into Was gone-and Gertrude climbed a widowed faincorrectness. The artist is visible, when the moment in which he might devour them. I must apprize all those whom it may The shells of these tortoises, of which M. he ought to be concealed; and amidst Huet has lately finished a drawing for the all the joys and sorrows of Gertrude, concern, that "fate had reft his mutual Cabinet of Natural History, are scarcely whether she is roving wild among the heart," means that his wife was dead. larger than a dollar. At Louisiana they are mountains, or recognizing her lover, or The picture of Gertrude climbing a wipreserved in glass vases, such as those in weeping over her father, or in the agonies dowed father's knee, is forced, because which gold fish are sometimes kept for the of death, Mr. Campbell is still her assi- it does not naturally appertain to the ornament of drawing-rooms and the amuse-duous gentleman usher, and hands her immediate subject. It is one among the ment of idlers. The gentleness and vivacity of these miniature tortoises are singularly about, from grief to grief, with a formal many examples, of Mr. Campbell's excontrasted with the gloomy and mischievous bow at the end of every misery. Those treme anxiety to express himself in an air of their travelling companion. faults which arise from too little care in emphatic manner, and to throw superrevision, are, in one respect, less dis- fluous and embarrassing thought into pleasing than those which are produced places where plainness and simplicity by an over-wrought style. They bear a alone are required. stamp of nature and of ease, which the I dwell the more strongly on this fault, latter have not. If a man falls into a so obvious in Mr. Campbell, of overIn our last Number we mentioned the intro. brook by inadvertence, we pity him, but if polishing his performances, because I duction of this process into the Russian Empire, he takes a run at it, for the purpose of have already animadverted on the oppofor purposes of public utility. In another ar- leaping to the opposite bank, we laugh site failing, in the cases of Lord Byron ticle we gave some account of the discovery of Lithography, and the introduction of the Art heartily when he has plunged up to his and Mr. Scott, and am anxious to evince, that in decrying a loose style, I do not into various countries. We have been since middle. PROGRESS OF THE ARTS. MOLITHOGRAPHY. This Art applied by the Duke of Wellington to Hatha ya Military Purposes. ther's knee. uphold over-precision and outrageous These two philosophers, both highly dis-of the text. The work is a long letter to terseness. Est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum. The fact is, that in censuring correct writing, men argue from abuse to use. For though he, who has not a sound judg ment, will, in the revision of his works, hack and hew without discrimination, and often blot out beauties instead of faults; yet, when a man of judgment corrects, be must improve, not mutilate, else how can he be called a man of judgment? REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. DE PRADT on the COLONIES, and the present REVOLUTION in AMERICA. tinguished by the extent, the variety and Marcella, the philosopher's wife, in which he the profoundness of their knowledge, by the lays down the duties of her situation, and number, the importance and the merit of exhorts her to bear the absence of a beloved their works, are known to the moderns only husband by the aid of the consolations afby the smallest part of the labours which forded by religion and philosophy. have rendered their names so celebrated; and when we compare the immense cata- Mr. Maio's interesting preface. Next week we shall give an account of logue of the works which antiquity ascribes to them, with the short list of those which time has spared, we cannot help feeling a sentiment of deep regret, at the thought of so many buried treasures, and lost riches. The discovery of Mr. Maio in some measure In the Preface to this work the author alleviates this regret. It permits us besides I would, therefore, advise Mr. Camprefers, with some pride, to what he foretold to hope for a more complete restitution, and 16 years ago, in a work on the same subbell to give his natural talents, whatever too great encouragement cannot be given to ject, (Les trois Ages des Colonies,) and which they are, (for, I repeat, that he has hi- the zeal which leads to such researches.were then received with such incredulity, therto taken most lamentable and unna- In publishing these Greek MSS. Mr. Maio viz. the approaching dissolution of the pretural pains to conceal their real extent has judiciously printed the text as he found carious connection between St. Domingo from the public,) full scope and trial, it, at the same time proposing such correc- and the mother country, France; the conwithout bestowing oue uneasy thought text of Philo, he has proposed only one cessive conquest of all the colonies by Engtions as appear to him necessary. In the tinued insurrections of the negroes; the sucupon what the reviewers may say of his single alteration, which seems strictly re- land; the probable and highly politic temerity. Let him be assured, that write quired by the sense; though he may be emigration of the House of Braganza to as he may, he, and every other author, thought to have left some faults not to be Brazil; the evident tendency of the United must still have faults of some kind or ascribed to his author.-The treatise itself States to make themselves masters of the other; which the critics will not fail to is agreeable and instructive. It is a very two Floridas; the independence assumed honor with due notice; and after all, it nice and just distinction of the principal by the South Americans. He shows that all is but a petty sort of ambition, (with all virtues and of the subsidiary qualities of this could not but happen; and then fille which the essence of each is composed. The with horror at the nature, the progress, and due respect for ourselves and our frapurest morality and a highly religious spirit the consequences of the dreadful Revolution ternity,) which aims only at escaping the pervade the whole of this little work. The of which Spanish America is now the thealash of the censor, by a sedulous extir-language is that of the best times, and the tre, he addresses the Princes of Europe. pation of blemishes, instead of aspiring best taste. The elocution, clear and concise He conjures them in the name of humanity, to the more noble glory of securing pois not destitute of elegance. The author religion, and for the sake of the happiness pular applause, by bold, decisive and after having established certain general of nations, which is founded solely on the heads, to which he refers all the virtues, reciprocal exchange of all the productions of uncompromising originality. which are most necessary to the conduct of industry and science, to turn their eyes and NOTE. We cannot help thinking our life and the happiness of man, lays down in a their thoughts on this country, now a prey methodical order, the road which must be correspondent rather severe in his estito insurrection, disorder, and misery. He followed to arrive at the acquisition and begs the speedy mediation of Europe in this mate of Mr. Campbell's poetical talent. practice of these virtues. He terminates bloody struggle, the end and the conseHis minor poems, 66 Hohenlinden," and this exposition by a remarkable passage, "Ye Mariners of England," have no rivals which will give our readers a sketch of his quences of which are incalculable, that the rage of two parties may no longer lay waste, with which we are acquainted. We shall doctrine, and an idea of his manner. burn, and desolate a beautiful country, which not, however, regret our correspondent's "Lastly consider that the happiness and could maintain millions of happy people, reproaches, if they have in any degree the felicity of the honest man are always in and with the superfluous productions of its the tendency more quickly to obtain proportion to the progress which he has wonderfully fruitful soil, also relieve Europe, from Mr. C. another proof of the high is more or less wretched in proportion as he general the main idea which Mr. De Pradt made in virtue, and that the wicked man exhausted by so many wars. This is in excellence of his muse. B. DISCOVERIES IN THE AMBROSIAN LIBRARY AT MILAN. suffers his vicious inclinations to assume seeks to establish in his work. He sees more or less dominion over him. An illus-only two ways to be adopted by those Eurotrious, or mean descent, supreme power, or pean powers which possess great colonies, a private condition, glory or obscurity, riches and wish to prevent the evils that will accrue The lovers of classical learning have been or indigence; pleasure or labour; a long life, to their mother country by their emancipalong familiar with the name of Mr. Angelo or one speedily terminated, all these things tion, which from the increasing spirit of Malo, librarian of the Ambrosian library, are truly, in themselves, neither good nor independence, will infallibly be effected whose interesting discoveries of hitherto un-evil; they have no relation to us except by sooner or later. These two means, however, known MSS. of ancient authors have gained the use which we make of them; useful and do not appear likely to be adopted, except as him deserved reputation, and have for some happy, or hurtful and fatal, according as we a last desperate resource: they are these:years past associated his name with those of combine them with the practice or the The European powers must, 1.) either, several celebrated authors of antiquity, whose contempt of our duties, with virtue, or with after the example of the court of Brazil, (or inheritance, too much diminished by the vice." § xxxv. of Constantine, who quitted Rome for Bybarbarism of ancient, and the negligence of The text of the treatise of Porphyry pre-zantium,) remove their residence from Eumodern times, has received by his care some sents many more difficulties, partly proceed-rope to the Colonies, now grown great, and new and valuable additions. Encouraged ing from the peculiarity of the author's style, treat these European dominions as subordiby his succeeding good fortune he has con- and parly from numerous errors which must nate countries; or 2.) they must give to tinued his researches and has just published be attributed to the ignorance of some copy- these colonies freedom and independence, in one volume two valuable Greek treatises ist. Mr. Maio has exerted himself to purge endeavouring only to secure by treaties, comwith a Latin Translation and Notes. They the text of some of the grossest errors, and mercial advantages for the mother country. are. 1. Philonis Judæi de virtute ejusque often with success. He has besides cleared partibus. 2. Porphyri Philosophi ad Mar-up by short notes, and by a perspicuous and THE PHARSALIA OF LUCAN, translated by faithful translation the principal obscurities MARMONTEL, with the Latin text on the oppo cellam. POLITE LITERATURE. OF THE MODERN POETS-MR. CAMPBELL. her young by a hoarse and lengthened cry, informed that the first application of it to pur- A writer, then, who is too anxious which she repeats at equal intervals, and poses of usefulness, unconnected with Art, was about correctness, naturally aims rather scrapes away the earth by which they are made by His Grace the Duke of Wellington in surrounded to induce them to come forth. the Peninsular war, for the purpose of accom-at avoiding errors, than at inventing beauHaving succeeded in bringing them from panying the general orders, instructions, &c. ties. His principal object is his lanthe earth, she warns them against the male, with sketches of positions, and ground, which guage, and to render this perfect, he who seeks to devour them, and nourishes must certainly be of great advantage. We have frequently weakens or obscures, or else also seen a plan of the Battle of Waterloo, enthem for the space of three months with her graved on stone, (from a plan by Captain strengthens beyond the occasion, the own food, which she disgorges. The croco- Thomson) at the Horse-Guards, where we un. thoughts that lie smothered underneath. dile cannot swallow in the water without the derstand that this method is now much em- Thus he always seems as if he had been hazard of being suffocated by the fluid enter-ployed. obliged to search for his epithets, through ing his larynx; he therefore deposits in the holes which he has dug under the water, the whole alphabetical parish, before be the brute animals or men who fall into could find them. The more obvious his power, and after leaving there there unmode of expression he rejects as vulgar, til putrefaction takes place, he conveys them. and gives us in its stead something which to the shore and devours them. The rigidity To the Editor of the Literary Gazette. is so new, that we cannot understand it. of his vertebrae is not so great as is supposed; Sir, Much as I admire the pathos, All this is more obvious in his Gertrude he can turn himself on one side so as to bite strength and correctness of Mr. Camp- of Wyoming, than in his other poems; his own tail. In addition to strength, he possesses a remarkable degree of cunning; bell's poetry, I am sorry that I cannot and I shall give some instances. he suffers himself to be borne along by the place him in the same rank either with Perchance, along thy river calm at noon, current of the water, half closing his eyes, Lord Byron or Mr. Scott. To deny that The happy shepherd swain had nought to do, and, when seen from a distance, his color he has equal powers with these writers, From morn till evening's sweeter pastime grew; and want of motion cause him frequently to would seem somewhat invidious towards When lovely maidens prankt in flowerets new; Their timbrel, in the dance of forests brown, be mistaken for a piece of floating wood. a living author, but certainly he has not yet And aye, those sunny mountains half way down, By this stratagem he surprises imprudent equalled them in their best productions. Would echo flageolet from some romantic town. bathers or the cattle which go to water on the banks of the rivers or lakes which he Perhaps this proceeds from the unhappiBy the forced and inverted position inhabits. But the young crocodile at pre-ness of his subjects, or from a certain of the words in this passage, one is at a sent in Paris has not yet attained a size, a timidity, which makes him fearful of ven- loss to know whether the poet meant that voice, or an appetite to excite alarm. This turing on a bolder wing, lest he should the river was generally calm, or calm animal, which a short time ago arrived from become food for critical Cynicism. Hence only at noon. New Orleans, does not appear to be more it is, that he nurses up his performances fourth lines, the "dance of forests," is Then in the third and than six months old. He is about one foot in length, and has hitherto been content to with such assiduous dotage, and takes rather too violent an expression for the such syllabical care of every line. Any dance in forests;" and it is quite nefeed upon raw beef and large earth worms. On one or two occasions, however, his na-thing bordering on the confines of ab-cessary to inform the reader, that "timtural ferocity has been manifested. Two surdity, he is certain to reject; and thus, brel" is the accusative case to "prankt,” yellow tortoises, the specics of which was I fear, often erases some of his most and that "prankt" is not a participle hitherto unknown to our naturalists, and sublime conceptions; for there is no passive, but a verb in the subjunctive which have likewise been brought from doubt, that sublimity itself often borders mood. Lastly, whether Louisiana, were lately placed in the same "the sunny basin with the crocodile: the extreme agility on absurdity, and, in many cases, one mountains half way down," means, "the with which, at the approach of the least can scarcely separate bombast from gran- mountains sunny half way down," or what danger, they conceal their heads under their deur. The faults which spoil the poeti- it means, I should be sorry to decide shells, enabled them lately to escape his cal effect of his writings, are of a directly without a jury of poets. voracity; they have since been but rarely opposite nature to those which displease trusted near an enemy who seems only to us in Lord Byron. Mr. Campbell is too have feigned to take a pleasure in their society, in order to watch the more securely correct, or rather, he corrects himself into the moment in which he might devour them, incorrectness. The artist is visible, when The shells of these tortoises, of which M. he ought to be concealed; and amidst Huet has lately finished a drawing for the all the joys and sorrows of Gertrude, Cabinet of Natural History, are scarcely whether she is roving wild among the larger than a dollar. At Louisiana they are preserved in glass vases, such as those in which gold fish are sometimes kept for the ornament of drawing-rooms and the amusement of idlers. The gentleness and vivacity of these miniature tortoises are singularly contrasted with the gloomy and mischievous air of their travelling companion. PROGRESS OF THE ARTS. when fate had reft his mutual heart-But she ther's knee. I must apprize all those whom it may concern, that "fate had reft his mutual heart," means that his wife was dead. mountains, or recognizing her lover, or The picture of Gertrude climbing a wiweeping over her father, or in the agonies dowed father's knee, is forced, because of death, Mr. Campbell is still her assi- it does not naturally appertain to the duous gentleman usher, and hands her immediate subject. It is one among the about, from grief to grief, with a formal many examples, of Mr. Campbell's exbow at the end of every misery. Those treme anxiety to express himself in an faults which arise from too little care in emphatic manner, and to throw superrevision, are, in one respect, less dis-fluous and embarrassing thought into pleasing than those which are produced places where plainness and simplicity by an over-wrought style. They bear a alone are required. stamp of nature and of ease, which the I dwell the more strongly on this fault, latter have not. If a man falls into a so obvious in Mr. Campbell, of overbrook by inadvertence, we pity him, but if polishing his performances, because I he takes a run at it, for the purpose of leaping to the opposite bank, we laugh heartily when he has plunged up to his In our last Number we mentioned the intro. duction of this process into the Russian Empire, for purposes of public utility. In another arLithography, and the introduction of the Art into various countries. We have been since middle. ticle we gave some account of the discovery of have already animadverted on the opposite failing, in the cases of Lord Byron and Mr. Scott, and am anxious to evince, that in decrying a loose style,, I do not |