and as they adjourned until January, I returned to give this gratifying information to this province, and to request on their behalf a simultaneous co-operation, a cordial assistance, and the necessary degree of intelligence, to enable them to serve this country effectually. This, gentlemen, they expect of you, and this I am convinced you are prepared to impart. Year after year the country in its length and breadth has expressed its entire conviction that Emigration and capital are indispensable auxiliaries to its prosperity and welfare. From the first moment Emigration declined, inquietude prevailed, strife increased, discontent extended, property deteriorated, public improvements were stayed, and gloom pervaded all classes. For a moment the attempt of the rebel and the assault of the invader united the country to resist the machinations of the one, and chastise the insolence of the other; and no sooner had the province passed over the winter than I felt an assurance that not a moment was to be lost, in an endeavour to restore the tide of Emigration to our neglected, almost unknown, but noble country; and I cannot sufficiently thank the people for the overwhelming kindness they have shown me, and the generous confidence they have evinced towards me for my efforts. The greater proportion of the Emigrants of this season, amounting to between 20 and 30,000, have been absorbed in the vicinity of this district, and in the adjoining rich agricultural district of Prince Edward, whilst the commerce of this town has exhibited an increase alike gratifying and unparalleled. I am quite anxious to see our majestic lakes and lovely rivers covered with vessels and merchandize, as well as our fertile fields with grain. Commerce and agriculture must go hand in hand; we greatly promote the interest of the mother country by encouraging a commercial navy. She has immense Colonies to defend, and a large, almost incalculable body of commercial interests to foster. Our empire, of which the parts widely separated by nature can be no otherwise kept in political or moral union, but by a force which links together the shores of opposite hemispheres as with a mooring-chain, and secures as by a floating bridge the peaceful and profitable

intercourse of their respective inhabitants,—the British empire is maritime in its essence, and when no longer omnipotent on the ocean, is an empire no more. Nowhere is this sentiment more cherished, or its value more felt, than in British North America, whose united prayer is that Britannia may still rule the waves. Gentlemen, I am rejoiced that Kingston understands how much British supremacy depends on British Emigration. I am delighted at the formation of this influential association. Your friends in Great Britain solicited it; in their name I thank you for acceding to their request. You can do them no greater favour than communicating with them constantly; directing their exertions, imparting your expe rience, making known to them your wishes. This delightful and necessary alliance opens a vista of coming years of prosperity and happiness, kindliness and affection: we shall behold agriculture flourishing, prosperity accumulating, capital increasing, commercial enterprise invigorating, our harbours crowded with vessels, our lakes with sails, rail-roads intersecting the surface of the country, fields bearing golden crops, and above all, a contented, happy, generous, loyal, and industrious people."

On arriving at Montreal, a large and influential meeting of the merchants and citizens of that noble city took place at the Exchange, the account of which I extract from the Montreal Herald of the following day. The Hon. Mr. M'Gill presided. After various addresses, the following resolution, moved by J. Dougall, Esq., and seconded by J. Matthewson, Esq., was adopted.

"Resolved,-That Dr. Rolph, by his able and unwearied advocacy of a systematic plan of Immigration, has conferred a great benefit on the provinces, and that the thanks of this meeting, on that account, are due, and are hereby given to that gentleman. Carried unanimously.

"After the applause which succeeded the carrying of this resolution, Dr. Rolph rose and addressed the assembly as follows, and during its delivery was listened to throughout with marked attention, and frequently interrupted by bursts of applause:

"Gentlemen,-I feel greatly obliged to you for your numerous attendance this day, for the purpose of adding the weight of your character, influence, and co-operation to that of your fellow-subjects in the Upper Province, who have constituted themselves into an association for the promotion of a systematic Immigration from the United Kingdom.

"The benevolence and patriotism for which this noble city has been ever conspicuous, was a sufficient guarantee, that an object, alike demanded by a suffering population at home, and a wilderness to people here, could not be viewed with indifference by the inhabitants of Montreal; and seeing that such deep interest has been evinced, an additional inducement will now be afforded to the Upper Province to pursue with untiring energy their patriotic resolves.

"I am proud to avail myself of this opportunity of testifying to the zeal and alacrity with which his Excellency the Governor-General has afforded his powerful support and countenance to the objects contemplated by Immigration Associations, equally by the honour of his patronage, and the earnestness of his disposition to promote their views. I am grateful to his Excellency for having armed me with a power, and placed me under a responsibility, that will enable me to prosecute my future labours in a manner far more gratifying to my feelings than heretofore. My late venerated and beloved friend Bishop Macdonell, whose long and illustrious career, ennobled by every grace that could adorn the Christian and dignify the patriot, and who has left an imperishable monument in the hearts of the people, from the success which resulted from his early exertions in the cause of British Immigration, urged me to accompany him to Great Britain, to restore that confidence in the stability and tranquillity of Canada which events had almost destroyed. I did so on my own responsibility; and although I have been called to account by none but those hostile to Immigration altogether, and to British Immigration in particular, I am far better pleased that I am now to be accountable for the information I impart, and the advice I give. The object of the Association forming in England is to induce the Emigrating portion

of the British community to direct their inquiries as to the aptitude of Canada for their settlement,-to solicit this information from Canada, in order to impart it to their fellow-countrymen in the British Isles,-to collect means, and adopt measures, in conjunction either with the Government, or with bodies in Canada, whereby the suffering industrious masses may be settled,-to afford such means of subsistence as shall place them beyond the reach of want, at the same time carefully guarding against their fostering those habits of dépendence which nurture indolence, and prevent that reliance on industry which is a warrant for its success, and generally, by every means in their power, to establish a system of Colonization, creditable to themselves, beneficial to the Immigrant, advantageous to the Colony, honourable to the empire, and calculated to augment that endearing affinity which it is to be hoped will ever continue between Canada and Great Britain.

"In the admirable Report just read to you, it will be seen, that of the numbers who emigrated this year from the British Isles, there were less from Scotland, from whence most were expected, than from other portions of the United Kingdom. This arose from the humane anxiety of the proprietors, who, as they were willing to aid in the settlement of their tenantry, even by encumbering themselves, hesitated to do so, until they were assured that either from Government or private bodies locations of land could be obtained for them on which to reside. The vast territory now offered for settlement, on such judicious principles, by the Government, will remove the apprehension of the proprietors, and the funds which have been raised by private means in Scotland will enable many to take advantage of the settlements offered by the Association. Mr. Peter Buchanan, the brother of one of the most munificent and indefatigable of the Vice-Presidents of our Society at Toronto, will bear witness that I dissuaded many families from embarking from Glasgow last season, who were desirous of coming out, until I could satisfy them, that the reception and provision,' which have so much alarmed some persons, was really made. "The objects of the Canadian Immigration Association are

set forth in their Address; but one of the great advantages which will inevitably result from this powerful and patriotic combination, will be to force into cultivation some of those fertile tracts of land which have been secured by possessors, many of whom do not even reside in the province, and who have only hitherto looked forward to obtain benefits arising from the toil and exertions of others.

"Through the incitement given, and the means afforded by this Association, they will no longer now have either inducement or pretext to keep back their fertile possessions from more industrious hands, leaving them in the wilderness of nature to become eventually valuable by that very industry which they had heretofore counteracted and chilled. Men of small capital-a portion of that glorious yeomanry of England, that genuine heart of oak, which has made her name illustrious, and her annals renowned, and who have not now a full scope for their exertions in the overcrowded condition of the rural population-would feel it their interest, guided by guarded and faithful statements, to embark their small capital in a country, where, with common prudence and industry, and the advantages now offered by the Association, they will ensure independent competence and comparative affluence to their posterity. In a commercial country like Great Britain, the capital carried from it to a Colony is not lost, but increased; the market for their commodities, afforded by a flourishing and increasing Colony, is a source of wealth far exceeding what the same investment could have produced at home; and the judicious transfer of her population, and investment of her capital, will prove productive of solid advantages to both. The yeomanry of Great Britain, whilst they would become the best settlers in Canada, would also be the best customers of the mother country: robust in frame, frugal in habits, cheerful in their deportment, moderate in their desires, assiduous in their occupations, essentially British in their feelings and customs, I know of no population more to be encouraged, or which would be more enthusiastically welcomed than themselves. It is undeniable that gentlemen of good property,