conveyance of agricultural productions to places of exchange and consumption, and of such commercial regulations as secure advantageous markets either at home or abroad.

The recent remission of duty on the introduction of Canadian produce into British ports, simultaneously with the imposition of a duty on American agricultural produce passing into Canadian ports, will give a stimulus to Canadian agriculture, and greatly facilitate any measure of Colonization.

The citizens of the United States, since the period of the revolutionary war, have sedulously devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits. Washington, when retiring to his estate at Mount Vernon, said: "The task of working improvement on the earth was much more delightful than all the vain glory which could be acquired by ravaging it with the most uninterrupted career of conquests.'

Coleman, another great authority, has declared that "The great business of our country is agriculture. Because it feeds us, and furnishes the materials for our clothing; it gives employment to five-sixths of our population; it is the primary source of national and individual wealth; it is the nursing mother of manufactures and commerce; it is essential to national independence. Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, stand together; but they stand together like pillars in a cluster, the largest in the centre, and that largest is agriculture. We live in a country of small farms; a country in which men cultivate with their own hands their own fee-simple acres; drawing not only their subsistence, but also their spirit of independence and manly freedom from the ground they plough. They are at once its owners, its cultivators, and its defenders. And whatever else may be undervalued or overlooked, let us never forget, that the cultivation of the earth is the most important labour of man. Man, without the cultivation of the earth, is, in all countries, a savage. When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers, therefore, are the founders of human civilization. If there lives the man who may eat his bread with a conscience at peace, it is the man who has brought that bread out of the earth by his own honest industry. The profession of

agriculture brings with it none of those agitating passions which are fatal to peace, or to the enjoyment even of the common blessings of life: it presents few temptations to vicious indulgence; it is favourable to health and to long life, to habits of industry and frugality, to temperance and self-government, to the cultivation of the domestic virtues, and to the calm and delicious enjoyments of domestic pleasures in all their purity and fulness."

And the Rev. Orville Dewey, in speaking on the same subject, stated, that "All these improvements which may adorn or benefit our farms are recommended to us, not only by our own individual interests, but by the higher sentiment of our duty to the country. This is essentially a nation of farmers. Nowhere else is so large a portion of the community engaged in farming; nowhere else are the cultivators of the earth more independent or so powerful. One would think that in Europe the great business of life was to put each other to death; for so large a proportion of men are drawn from the walks of productive industry and trained to no other occupation except to shoot foreigners always, and their own countrymen occasionally; while here, the whole energy of the nation is directed with intense force upon peaceful labour."

The native fruits of Canada are evidences of its natural productiveness: they consist chiefly of the wild strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, crab-apple, cranberry, gooseberry, blackberry, currant, and the grapes luxuriantly tangling their clustering vines around the branches of the forest. Every description of fruit grown in England has been introduced successfully into Canada; and in the old French settlements in Western Canada, fine peach orchards, large pear-trees, and the common growth of the melon are to be seen in all directions. The agricultural produce of Canada consists of wheat, corn, rye, oats, barley, peas, hops, potatoes, buckwheat, turnips, mangel wurtzel, all the roots and grasses of England, tobacco, beef, pork, hams, tallow, hides, butter, cheese, sugar, apples, ashes, timber, &c. &c.

Nearly the same productions are common to Nova Scotia,

New Brunswick, and Prince Edward's Island; and the inexhaustible fisheries round their coasts, in the lakes, and in the rivers, furnish every requisite for immediate, successful, and extensive Colonization.

The value of the British American provinces may not only be inferred from the following testimonies from eminent authorities in the United States, but may prove a useful monition to the heedlessness of those Englishmen who think lightly of them, and check the wickedness of those who would criminally and ignominiously abandon them. During the disturbances in Canada, a leading senator of the United States assigned the following reasons for the annexation of Canada to that republic:

"1st. An eternal fence from European attacks in the rear and flank of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

"2nd. A settling, without trouble, of the North-eastern boundary question.

"3rd. The free navigation of the St. Lawrence (almost as important to the Northern States, as the Mississippi is to the Southern and Western); and then, the free navigation of the St. John's is of the highest importance to Maine.

"4th. The fisheries-free and equal privileges in them, a strengthening of our marine, and crippling of the British

marine.

“5th. The end of the British monopoly of the fur trade, and the settlement of many disputes we must, sooner or later, have about this trade in the Missouri territory, and on the Columbia river;-for, with the loss of the Canadas, British Empire is lost in America.

"6th. The addition of thousands of miles of a new interior to the city of New York; the union, by canal, of New York harbour with the St. Lawrence river. Our own city, our own wharfs, our own ships, our own merchants, our own labourers made the channels and the agents of all the trade of the immense British possessions in the interior of North America.”

The New York Daily Advertiser, speaking of Canada, says,

"We look upon the possession and control of the mighty St. Lawrence-the outlet of the mightiest inland seas upon earth, the natural highway of all the regions of the north and west,as being of immense, of incalculable importance to every man now residing within two hundred miles of these waters, from the sources of the Connecticut to the sources of the Mississippi. Whatever be the improvement of canals and railroads, the bulky agricultural produce of the west can find its way to the ocean by no channel so cheaply as by the natural channel of the St. Lawrence. It is the straightest and shortest line to any port in Europe, north of Cape Finisterre; it is the cheapest and safest route for carrying the pork and flour, the produce of the west, to supply the necessary outfit for the fishermen on the banks of Newfoundland; and the cheapest route for transporting the produce of the fisheries into the centre of this continent, and distributing it, at a reasonable price, among the inhabitants. Look on the map; and see how easily logs, and boards, and staves, can be transported across. What a facility is afforded by Lake Nipissing, and its two outlets, for carrying the forest on the north of the Ottawa to the western countries, to be exchanged for the pork, the flour, and the merchandize that the hardy northern lumber man requires!"

Another Journal :-" The United States does not want Canada upon European considerations, of population or territory; but they want it on American considerations,-for convenience and extension of trade, and security against bad neighbours. They want the pine forests of Canada to supply countries becoming year by year dispossessed of their most valuable of all timber, and they must and will have a free access from the producers of flour and pork, to the fisheries of Newfoundland and the ocean." One of their leading men spoke as follows:"The conductors of the revolutionary war attempted the conquest of Canada almost before they began to defend themselves -conscious that their perils were past, their designs secured, when the enemy, dislodged from the rear, could only attack them from the broad and dangerous face of the boisterous ocean. The legislators of the first Confederation were equally impressed

with the necessity of making Canada a part of the great family of independent sovereignties, when they ordained, by the 11th Article, which still remains bound up with our written constitutions, that Canada, according to this Confederation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into and entitled to all the advantages of the Union; but no other Colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine states. Our forefathers could distinguish between the straggling outlines of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, incapable of defence, and the compact territory of Canada. This article was signed on the 9th of July, 1778, by men who, in the spirit of the times, were endowed with a preternatural vision, that foresaw the tendency of all the acts, and provided remedies for every contingency that might endanger the working of their new formed design for the perfect government of man. Their wisdom and their foresight have been constantly exemplified in the bursting forth of questions unlooked for, upon points unheeded, until they appeared; and rest assured, that though the necessity of the provisions regarding Canada may not be now apparent to the thoughtless, the time is at hand when they will stand in bold relief, as another evidence of the superhuman intelligence of those to whom the western world is indebted for all the greatness of pure democracy," Another member of one of the States' legislatures spoke to the same effect; he said: "I can never look on the map of that dark territory in the north, commencing at the sources of the St. John's, and after indenting downwards to the 42nd degree of latitude at Detroit, bearing off again to the 45th degree, from whence it stretches across to the Pacific, hanging over the brighter climes of the United States like a gloomy cloud above the sunshine beauty of a summer's day, without earnestly dwelling on the vast importance of that dreary waste and its straggling population to these southern regions." Another senator, in the same debate, said: "Though the seaboard line of the United States is of enormous length, and cannot be fortified, we have nothing to fear from Europe on that side, though all the powers were combined against us. They