disappointed. It would be preposterous to suppose that such a class of farmers as the yeomanry of England would not succeed in Canada, yes, at a much greater ratio, and with a smaller expenditure of means; whilst the gentleman farmer would not succeed, unless he derived a certain income beyond that of a small farm. If any one can doubt the profits of farming, all other methods failing, I recommend him to attend one of the agricultural dinners at the city of Toronto, and make what enquiries he pleases as to the wealth of the farmers he will meet at the agricultural table. The matter is easy of proof. There has never been an effort yet made, commensurate with the advantages which might accrue from the settlement of a large number of Emigrants on the public domain; I hope that the Owen's Sound settlement, and the Megantic territory will yet afford the inducement, and realise the advantage.

'Our doubts are traitors,

And make us lose the good we oft might win,

By fearing the attempt.'

"I am indebted to the Monthly Review for the information that during nine years, excluding that of cholera, 1832, the expenses occasioned by Emigrants amounted to a little over £3,000 per annum; during six of these years, viz., from 1835 to 1840 inclusive, 97,271 Immigrants arrived in Canada, by the Quebec route, and taking the average annual expense at £3,000 (although from the small numbers that came in the years 1838 and 1839, the expense was much diminished), it would not amount to 4s. per head, an expense by no means commensurate with the blessing of so augmented a population.

"I have so often alluded to the powerful testimonies furnished by every Governor of Canada, as to the immense importance of promoting, by every means in our power, Immigration to this Colony, that I feel it unnecessary to cite them again; but I cannot but refer to the testimonies of two of the judges of this province, given during their visit in England, that of Chief Justice Robinson, warmly espousing the adoption of a systematic and extended Immigration, and that of Mr. Justice

Hagerman, contained in the admirable evidence which he delivered before the Select Committee of the House of Commons; but there is another testimony which I am desirous of citing, which has appended to it the names of Hagerman, Prince, Sherwood, Powell, Robinson, Chisholm, and Hunter, a report of the House of Assembly, which says, 'If there be one matter more than another that they feel a deep interest in, and desire to promote, it is Emigration from the British islands. They are aware of the immense advantage the country has derived from this source, in general wealth, as well as in their social and political relations; and it is universally considered that the check it has experienced from the recent difficulties in the two provinces, is among the most serious, if not the very greatest, of the evils that have resulted from them.' It is therefore delightful to know that the present year's Emigration has exceeded that of the last, by upwards of 6,000 persons, amounting by the Quebec route alone, to nearly 30,000. Of this amount I know of many possessed of ample means; numbers have been scattered, distributed, settled, and employed throughout the country; and many former evils of great magnitude, intemperance, disease, idleness, and destitution, have been materially lessened. The most discouraging occurrence was that of the poor islanders of Lewis, who came out at an advanced season of the year, in considerable numbers, speaking an almost unknown tongue, and being in a state of unusual destitution. This of course caused difficulty, inconvenience, and embarrassment to the community among whom they settled; and whilst, I cannot but lament the improvidence, and condemn it, I must say that I was not surprised at it. Year after year these suffering people have felt the stings of famine, the consequence of arrested toil--the future has been without a ray or glimmering of hope, or a prospect of relief. Consternation has seized their families, and although they have felt a horrible combat in their wretchedness between religion and nature, they have never been led by their miseries to substitute active resistance to passive endurance. To add to the multifarious evils connected with the over-population of the Highlands and Islands of

Scotland, where the population is most dense, and has most rapidly increased, the means of subsistence have been most precarious and scarce. Letters from their friends arrive, rendering the weight of their burdens still more oppressive, by informing them that plenty is smiling on them, and rewarding their industry in British North America. They grasp with avidity these glad tidings, and in the language of that venerable and exalted patriot, Dr. M'Leod, they resolve to cross the Atlantic, even should they swim.'

"I cannot but indulge the fond anticipation, that this virtuous, suffering people, may be settled in the country; they are, as the authority I have before cited says of them, ‘invaluable for peace or war.' The depressing influence of poverty, its anxieties and cares, has more or less broke the spirit of selfdependence in a great number, and where it has not produced a total dependence on gratuitous support, has yet relaxed, to a certain extent, industrious exertions which, desultory and at intervals though they were, sustained not less the mind than the body above the level of abject destitution. It is surely worth an effort to save these men, especially as they can be made serviceable to us. They are pre-eminently distinguished for their simple virtues; notwithstanding successive years of want, almost famine, not a moment's real interruption has been experienced to internal order and tranquillity; fond of a pastoral and agricultural life, and of their native associations, they may realize, in this country, the picture that could have been drawn of them, at home, in happier days :

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'Far from the maddening crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learnt to stray;

Along the cool sequestered vale of life,

They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.'

Many influential noblemen and gentlemen have traversed the country during the year, and have expressed their hearty concurrence in the sentiments of the late Governor-General, beautifully and felicitously conveyed to Lord John Russell :

"I should do injustice to my own feelings if I were not to state to your Lordship the impression which has been left on

my mind by the inspection which I have made of the Upper Province. It is really impossible to say too much of the advantages which nature has bestowed upon it, especially that part of the country which lies between the three lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron. If these great advantages be properly used, I foresee that, in the course of a very few years, Upper Canada must become one of the most valuable possessions of the British Empire. Its population may be trebled, and its products increased in an immense ratio; while, if properly governed, its inhabitants will, when satisfied, become the most loyal, intelligent, and industrious subjects which Her Majesty can number.'

"My exertions were confined this year very mainly to England, and from England a much larger proportion of Immigrants have arrived in this province, than for many years past. I cannot adequately express my gratitude for the countenance I received from its nobility, clergy, and gentry, in prosecuting my efforts through the country, nor the deep mortification I felt at leaving Devonshire on the eve of a more promising and encouraging tour than any I had previously made. In the county of Wiltshire, I met numbers anxiously seeking information concerning Canada; and since my arrival here I have received a letter from an influential gentleman of that county, informing me that many industrious yeomen were preparing to remove to this province in the ensuing spring. I received many pressing invitations to proceed to Ireland, to form a Central Emigration Society in Dublin; and I deplore that it was not in my power to perform the promise, and realize the expectation which I held out, of visiting that city for such purpose this autumn. I had the pleasure, however, of maintaining an uninterrupted correspondence with many in that noble country, who were most anxious to encourage and promote Emigration to this. Amongst the most persevering, enlightened, and influential, I may mention the worthy member for Limerick, W. S. O'Brien, Esq., and D. Henchy, Esq., of Dublin. I have expressed my regret that I was not favoured with more of the correspondence of the various Emigration Societies. Bytown, however, formed an exception; and I confess that I am much gratified to learn that

many valuable settlers have fixed their abode in that interesting section of the province. I have been requested by the Earl of Mountcashell to convey his best thanks to the gentlemen of the Ottawa district, for having intrusted to him several petitions, and furnished him with much matter, of great importance to the Colony and the furtherance of Emigration. As I abstained from interfering in politics at home, I am not about engaging in its entangling discussions and perplexities here; but I cannot refrain from urging on the agricultural classes of this province, the continued prosecution of their efforts to obtain the admission of their produce into England on the same terms as if it were grown in Ireland. Although the last election, and the recent change of Ministry, have demonstrated how powerful the friends of agricultural protection are in Great Britain, yet I do not consider the friends to British protection unfavourable to Colonial protection. It is admitted by all that Great Britain must receive an annual supply of bread stuffs from other countries; it has been seen with what reluctance she will receive that supply from foreign powers; and when it is remembered that it was to protect both Home and Colonial produce, that the recent conflict in Great Britain was carried on, it is only reasonable to suppose that the North American Colonies will have the preference given to them, and be stimulated in their agriculture by receiving full permission to introduce their produce into the mother country duty free.

"From repeated conversations with some of the warmest advocates of the corn-laws, I am quite satisfied that they are anxious to allay the excitement existing on the subject, by yielding to the public wish the untrammelled introduction of Canadian produce into British ports; and with that boon, small as it may appear, there will be no longer any complaints of consequence made, about unprofitable farming in these fertile regions.

"There was to have been a meeting of the large landed proprietors of the United Kingdom, last month, in London, to consider the means which they could adopt to render a system of Emigration from their respective estates to Canada, useful