of the holy see.... Gratian's decree, Gregory's decretals, the sixth decretal, the Clementine constitutions, and the extravagants of John and his successors, form the corpus juris canonici, or body of the Roman canon law.'

82. King of Spaines bible. C. says aptly of the passage of which this is a part, 'Fielding must have had this passage in his memory, when he makes Ensign Northerton damn Homo with all his heart, and curse Korderius for another son of something or other that has got him many a flogging'. Daw refers to the Antwerp Polyglot, an eight-volume Bible published at Antwerp 1569-72 with the sanction of Philip II. It was edited by Arias Montanus, and printed by Christopher Plantin. Cf. Hallam, Lit. of Europe, 2. 136, 484.

86. a Dutch-man. It seems traditional that whatever has sounded strange in speech to English ears has been denominated Dutch. Alchem. 2. 1, p. 48: Mammon declares that Solomon and Adam have written of the philosopher's stone 'in High Dutch'. In Dekker's works the word Dutch (Deutsch) seems used uniformly for the word German (a custom surviving in parts of America), e. g. Lanthorn and Candle-Light, Pr. Wks. 4. 188; Addison, Spectator, 135; and Earle, Micro-C., p. 53.

89. François Vatable was curé of Bramet, professor of Hebrew from 1531 at the royal college of three languages (established by Francis I in Paris), and at his death in 1517 was Abbé of Bellozane. A famous lecturer, he has left little in the way of writing but translations, and commentaries on the Hebrew Testament. Cf. Biog. Univ. 42, and Hallam, Lit. of Eur. 1. 462.

Petrus Pomponatius (Pomponazzi) (1462-1524?) was doctor in medicine and philosophy at Padua, later holding the chair in philosophy there. He was a famous disputant, and lectured at Padua, Ferrara, and Bologna. His best known work, De Immortalitate, was publicly burned at Venice, and the friendship of Bembo and Leo X, as well as his own defense of his arguments, never cleared his name of the charge of infidelity. Cf. Biog. Univ. 34, and Hallam, Lit. of Eur. 1. 435.

Diego, or Jacobus, Simancas (also called Didacus) was a Cordovan living during the second half of the sixteenth century. He was a teacher of canon and civil law at Salamanca, royal councilor at Valladolid, and Bishop successively of Ciudad Rodrigo, of Badajoz, and Zamora. He wrote De Catholicis In

stitutionibus liber, De Primogenitis Hispaniae libri quinque, De Republica libri ix, etc. Cf. Jöcher, Allgemeine Gelehrte Lexicon, Leipzig, 1751.

100. dotes. This is a rare use of the word. Cf. Underwoods 9. 41:

100,

vol.

I durst not aim at that; the dotes were such

Thereof, no notion can express how much

Their caract was.

Sidney, Arcadia 3. 276 (1622): 'Extolling the goodly dotes of Mopsa.'-N. E. D.

102. "Tis her vertue: i.e. silence is her virtue.

108. euery man, that writes in verse, is not a Poet. Jonson discusses (Disc., p. 76. 28) how: 'A rhymer and a poet are two things.' Mercury remarks of Hedon, Cyn. Rev. 2. 1, p. 239: 'Himself is a rhymer, and that's thought better than a poet.' Cf. Dedication to Volp.

110-11. the poore fellowes that liue by it. We forget the Jack Daw that says this, and remember that the poet who penned the lines well knew what it meant to have as the only protection against poverty, his poetry. Cf. Poet. 1. 1, p. 385, where Tucca describes the poets: 'They are a sort of poor starved rascals, that are ever wrapt up in foul linen; and can boast of nothing but a lean visage, peering out of a seam-rent suit, the very emblems of beggary.'

117. noble Sidney liues by his. Sir Philip Sidney died in 1586, but his pastoral romance Arcadia was not published until 1590, his sonnets Astrophel and Stella in 1591, and his Defense of Poesie in 1595. There was no complete edition of his works until 1725, and the best at present is that of Grosart, 1873. Before they were published, however, Sidney was 'living by his works', for the Arcadian prose was almost as much a fashion as that of Euphues (cf. note 2. 2. 118). His sonnets have a charm never to be lost, and his Defense is criticism of a high order. Drummond records an insignificant but just criticism vol. 9. 366: 'Sidney did not keep a decorum in making every one speak as well as himself.' Jonson's relations to this 'noble family' were of the pleasantest; many of his occasional verses are addressed to them, the most famous being the immortal lines to 'Sidney's sister. Pembroke's mother'. In connection with the pun in the word

lives C. cites from Samuel Johnson, Prologues on the Opening of Drury Lane Theatre:

The drama's laws the drama's patrons give,

For we that live to please, must please to live.

And Bacon: 'Help me (dear Sovereign Lord and Master) and pity me so far, as I that have borne a Bag, be not now in my Age forced in effect to bear a Wallet, and I that desire to live by study, may not be driven to study to live.' King, Class. and For. Quot. (1904), no. 674, quotes Auct. Her. 4, 28, 39: 'Esse oportet ut vivas, non vivere ut edas.'

ACT II. SCENE IIII.

5. worship me. An extravagant expression of the court which Jonson and others ridicule. Cf. S. of News 1. 1, p. 169:

PEN. JR. He brought me the first news of my father's death, I thank him, and ever since I call him founder.

Worship him, boys.

Mayne, City Match 3. 3:

Cf. 4. 5. 348.

Fall down

And worship sea-coals; for a ship of them
Has made you, sir, and heir.

5-6. forbid the banes. In the eleventh canon of the Synod of Westminster, A. D. 1200, occurs the earliest allusion to the necessity of a notice of intended marriage, which enacts that no marriage shall be contracted without banns thrice published in church (Johnson's Canons 2. 91). The existing law of the Church of England is expressed in the sixty-second canon: 'No minister upon pain of suspension, per triennium ipso facto, shall celebrate matrimony between any persons without a faculty or licence granted by some of the persons in these our constitutions expressed, except the banns of matrimony have been read three several Sundays or Holy-days in the time of Divine 'Service in the parish churches and chapels where the said parties dwell.' The only substitute for banns recognized by the Church is an ordinary or special licence. The power of granting the former has belonged to English bishops since 25 Henry VIII 21. The right to grant special licence, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury as legatus natus of the Pope, was confirmed by the Marriage Act of 1836.

10. repent me. Reflex. use of verbs now intrans. is common

among writers of this date. Cf. Abbott, § 296.

kisse it.

Furnivall quotes Florio's expression of disgust for the habit in the latter's edition of Montaigne's Essays (1634), p. 146: 'Let Courtiers first begin to leave off ... That fond custome to kiss what we present to others, and Beso las manos in saluting of our friends.'

36. off with this visor: 'away with this pretense.' For a detailed history of this word, from its original meaning of a movable part of the helmet, through mask, to pretense cf. W. and their Ways, p. 153. Cat. 5. 4, p. 315:

CIC. Where is thy visor or thy voice now, Lentulus?

51. your cause : i. e. you were the principal cause of my action. 63. inclining to dombe. A peculiar construction, where we would expect a noun after the preposition, and a past partic. rather than a pres. one. Cf. Fielding, Tom Jones 4. 2: Sophia... was

a middle-sized woman, but inclining to tall.'

98. That's miracle. The omission of the article before the noun gives it the force of an adj. Cf. Abbott, § 84.

105. cue. N.E. D. quotes for the origin of this word, Minsheu (1625) lit. Q, A qu, 'a terme vsed among Stage-plaiers, à Lat. Qualis, at what manner of word the actors are to beginne to speake one after another hath done his speech.' Also Butler (1633) Eng. Gram. Q, 'a note of entrance for actors, because it is the first letter of Quando, when, showing when to enter and speak'. Cent. Dict. derives the word from Lat. cauda, OF. coe, Mod. F. queue-the tail of the speech, the last word.

112. Iack Daw will not be out. It is a coincidence that Drummond should have said as much of Jonson himself concerning his desire to exercise his wit at all times and on all people. Conv., vol. 9. 416: 'Given rather to losse a friend than a jest.' And so Tucca says of Horace, Poet. 4. 1, p. 448: 'He will sooner lose his best friend than his least jest.'

141. hog-louse. Mosca, like True-wit, drags this unpoetic insect into a simile, Volp. 5. 1, p. 289, because it can 'roule itself up'. Was there anything Jonson had not observed, or read of?

143. pick-tooth. An indispensable article in a gallant's paraphernalia, its use as much a part of etiquette as doffing the hat. For their introduction into England cf. Furnivall in the Babees

Book, p. 252. The fashion is universally satirized. Every Man Out 4. I, p. 124, Fallace exclaims of Fastidious: 'What a neat case of pick-tooths he carries about him still!' Cyn. Rev. 2. 1, p. 248: Asotus' walks most commonly with a clove or pick-tooth in his mouth, he is the very mint of compliment.' Earle, Micro-C., says of The Gallant, no. 18: 'His Pick-tooth beares a great part in his discourse.' Overbury, Characters, The Courtier: 'If you find him not here, you shall in Paul's, with a pick-tooth in his hat, capecloak, and a long stocking.' Ibid. The Affected Traveller: 'His pick-tooth is a main part of his behavior.' Guls Horn-Booke, Pr. Wks. 2. 232: Be seene (for a turne or two) to correct your teeth with some quill or siluer instrument, and to cleanse your gummes with a wrought handkercher.'

148. melancholique. An affectation of the Elizabethan gallant, especially were he in love. In Much Ado 3. 2. 52, the talk is of

Benedict :

CLAUD. The sweet youth's in love.

D. PEDRO. The greatest note of it is his melancholy.

L. L. L. 1. 2. 1, Armado asks: 'Boy, what sign is it when a man of great spirit grows melancholy?' And he answers it himself in line 80: I am in love.' John Davies, Epig. 47, Meditations of a Gull:

See yonder melancholy gentleman

Which, hoodwink'd with his hat, alone doth sit!

Life and Death of Lord Cromwell 3. 2:

My nobility is wonderfully melancholy:

Is it not most gentlemanlike to be melancholy?

Finally, as an analysis of this mood, Burton wrote the book which bears its name.

153. a meere talking mole. Upton and Whalley think 'mole' should be 'moile'. There is this much to say in favor of their variant, that Jack Daw is more of a talking mule than a blind mole. 'Moile' is used for 'mule' (fol. 1616) Every Man Out 2. 1, p. 59: 'He was never born to ride upon a moile.' no mushrome was euer so fresh. The suggestion of this speech is

Plautus, Bacch. 4. 7. 23:

Iam nihil sapit,

Nec sentit; tanti 'st, quanti est fungus putidus.