The Character and Logical Method of Political EconomyCosimo, Inc., 2007年11月1日 - 244 頁 This 1857 discussion of economics is, at its heart, both a scientific and a philosophical inquiry. Modern readers may find it striking that unlike current textbooks on the subject, The Character and Logical Method of Political Economy does not deal heavily with mathematical models and formulas. It does not, in fact, deal with them at all. Cairnes believed that while mathematics could have a place in demonstrating economic truths, it could not discover those truths on its own. Economics is founded upon people, their feelings, and their actions. And that, he believed, could not be further explored by math than it was already being explored by philosophy. The lectures here introduce fundamental principles of economics. At the time of its writing, these principles were still hotly debated, so Cairnes both explains and offers a defense for his particular views on how markets work, what drives production, and what drives individuals to make the decisions that affect wealth. Students of economics and anyone with an interest in the subject will find this a greatly informative read. Irish economist JOHN ELLIOT CAIRNES (1823-1875) is the author of numerous books, including Slave Power (1862) and An Examination into the Principles of Currency (1854). |
內容
| 19 | |
| 25 | |
| 43 | |
Mental and physical premises of Political Economy | 54 |
LECTURE III | 72 |
Logical position of the speculator on the physical universe | 81 |
This reason does not hold in economic investigation because | 87 |
Place of statistics in economic reasoning | 97 |
LECTURE VI | 143 |
Mr Mills aphorism respecting the rule which should guide | 149 |
General results of the discussion | 155 |
Important consequences theoretical and practical flowing from | 164 |
Further proof of the irrelevancy of Mr Rickardss argument | 183 |
Statement and proof of Ricardos theory of rent | 195 |
Phenomena of rent which are not covered by Ricardos the | 201 |
Is it possible to embrace all the facts of rent under a single | 206 |
LECTURE IV | 100 |
Illustrationsfrom the Wealth of Nations | 111 |
LECTURE V | 118 |
Consequence of the unprecise character of economic laws as | 129 |
Prevalent ignorance as to what the solution of an economic | 134 |
Mr Rickardss argument against the diminishing productive | 212 |
Appendix A | 223 |
Appendix B | 229 |
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常見字詞
actual Adam Smith advance ascertained Astronomy capital ceteris paribus character circumstances commodities conclusions consequence consider cost of production course cultivation deductive deductive reasoning definition depends discovery distribution of wealth doctrine duction economic law economic rent economic science economist effect employed ence exist explain expression facts farmer force gold human nature hypothesis hypothetical ical important increase inductive industry influence inquiry investigation labor land landlord law of cost laws of mind laws of value lecture logical Macleod Malthus Malthusian means ment mental method nomena nomenclature nomic object obtained operation ordinary profits phenomena of wealth phenomenon physical sciences Political Econ Political Economy population portion positive science premises present problem proof proportion quantity question raised reasoning regard regulates result Ricardo Rickards sense silver social soil subject-matter subsistence supply supposed surplus value tendency theory of rent tion true truth ultimate wages writer
熱門章節
第 112 頁 - In civilized society he stands at all times in need of the co-operation and assistance of great multitudes, while his whole life is scarce sufficient to gain the friendship of a few persons.
第 81 頁 - The vulgar notion, that the safe methods on political subjects are those of Baconian induction — that the true guide is not general reasoning, but specific experience — will one day be quoted as among the most unequivocal marks of a low state of the speculative faculties in any age in which it is accredited.
第 175 頁 - To enter fully into this question, and to enumerate all the causes that have hitherto influenced human improvement, would be much beyond the power of an individual. The principal object of the present essay is to examine the effects of one great cause intimately united with the very nature of man; which, though it has been constantly and powerfully operating since the commencement of society, has been little noticed by the writers who have treated this subject.
第 114 頁 - It is the maxim of every prudent master of a family, never to attempt to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy.
第 230 頁 - This division of labour, from which so many advantages are derived, is not originally the effect of any human wisdom, which foresees and intends that general opulence to which it gives occasion. It is the necessary, though very slow and gradual consequence of a certain propensity in human nature which has in view no such extensive utility; the propensity to truck, barter, and exchange one thing for another.
第 114 頁 - What is prudence in the conduct of every private family can scarce be folly in that of a great kingdom. If a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it of them with some part of the produce of our own industry employed in a way in which we have some advantage.
第 113 頁 - A country that has no mines of its own must undoubtedly draw its gold and silver from foreign countries in the same manner as one that has no vineyards of its own must draw its wines. It does not seem necessary, however, that the attention of government should be more turned towards the one than towards the other object. A country that has wherewithal to buy wine will always get the wine which it has occasion for; and a country that has wherewithal to buy gold and silver will never...
第 159 頁 - The cause to which I allude is the constant tendency in all animated life to increase beyond the nourishment prepared for it.
第 112 頁 - But man has .almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their benevolence only. He will be more likely to prevail if he can interest their self-love in his favour, and show them that it is for their own advantage to do for him what he requires of them.
第 81 頁 - ... How can such or such causes have contributed to the prosperity of one country, when another has prospered without them ? ' Whoever makes use of an argument of this kind, not intending to deceive, should be sent back to learn the elements of some one of the more easy physical sciences. Such reasoners ignore the fact of plurality of causes in the very case which affords the most signal example of it. So little could be concluded, in such a case, from any possible collation of individual instances,...