the Spaniards occupied themselves principally in forming settlements upon the coast and in the interior of their northern possessions; but in the latter year another expedition was despatched under the charge of Juan Perez, which traversed the coast up to the 54th degree, down to forty minutes of which point the Russians had already extended their trading settlements. Proceeding south, Perez anchored in a spacious bay under 49°, which he named Port San Lorenzo, but which, on a subsequent visit by Captain Cook, received from that navigator its present name of Nootka Sound. After leaving Port San Lorenzo, Perez saw the Strait of Fuca in his southern course, but did not stop to examine it. In the following year another expedition, under Heceta, Bodega and Maurelle, examined the whole shore from 40 up to 58°, and the former, on his return voyage, while between 46 and 47, noticed an opening in the land at 46° 16′, which appeared to be a harbor or the mouth of some river. He reported the fact, giving his opinion to that effect, and subsequent Spanish maps accordingly laid down a river there, which they called the San Roque. We have now brought the Spanish discoveries down to 1775, to which time no other European nation had set foot upon the coasts between 38 and 54° 40', neither had any ever reached a higher latitude than 43. In 1778, three years after this latter expedition, Captain Cook arrived in the North Pacific, and under 491⁄2 fell in with the port San Lorenzo of the Spaniards. This he named Nootka Sound, and ascribed the merit of its discovery to himself, in the face of numerous evidences that Europeans had been there before him, for he tells us in his own account that not only did the natives appear familiar with his ships, but he found among them articles of Spanish manufacture. Thus vanishes Cook from the shadowy list of English discoverers of the Coast of Oregon; for until the word discovery is born again and receives a new definition, it will hardly possess sufficient elasticity of application to stretch its qualities to two distinct visitations of the same spot, separated by a distance of three years; and unless its meaning is considerably enlarged, it will scarcely extend from the outside of an island twenty miles at sea to the body of the continent behind it. Having disposed of the two main pillars of the English title, we next come to the examination of the filling in, the flimsy material of which we shall find in keeping and correspondence with the unsubstantial quality of the first. In doing this, we shall be obliged to extend the scope of our narrative somewhat, as well to correct certain gross misrepresentations which have been made to the injury of the Spanish title, as to afford a proper idea of the unworthy subterfuges which the desperate diplomacy of Britain has employed to effect the establishment of their own, in opposition to it. This course is necessary, moreover, to a correct understanding of the whole subject, as the circumstances to be related nearly kindled a general European war, and as they led to a treaty whose claimed concessions on the part of the English admits virtually the integrity of the title of Spain. [Continued in next issue.] The Washington Historical Quarterly Board of Editors CLARENCE B. BAGLEY, Seattle W. D. LYMAN, Walla Walla FRANK CARLETON TECK, Bellingham MRS. THOMAS W. PROSCH The Protestant Episcopal as a Missionary and Pioneer 125 HARLAN I. SMITH R. D. GWYDIR A Vast Neglected Field for Archaeological Research 131 136 DOCUMENTS - Diary of John E. Howell, an Emigrant of 1845; The Naming of Seward in Alaska 138 BOOK REVIEWS 162 NEWS DEPARTMENT- 176 REPRINT DEPARTMENT-George Wilkes: History of Oregon, Geographical and Political (New York, Colyer, 1845) 179 THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY UNIVERSITY STATION SEATTLE, U. S. A. Entered at the Postoffice at Seattle as second-class mail matter. The Washington University State Historical Society Officers and Board of Trustees: CLARENCE B. BAGLEY, President JUDGE JOHN P. HoYT, Vice President JUDGE ROGER S. GREENE, Treasurer JUDGE CORNELIUS H. HANFORD SAMUEL HILL PURPOSES OF THE SOCIETY. The purposes for which this corporation shall be formed are as follows, to-wit: To establish and maintain a society for the collection and preservation of historical facts and records; to gather and preserve memorials of the pioneers and early settlers of the Territory and State of Washington; to purchase, own, hold, enclose, maintain and mark the places of historical interest within this State by suitable and appropriate monuments, tablets and enclosures; to promote and engage in historical research relating to the Indians and Indian tribes; to engage in, carry on and promote historical, antiquarian, archaeological, literary and scientific researches, and to publish the results of the same; to collect, collate, bind and put in convenient form for use and preservation the papers, documents, materials and records collected by the society; to publish, provide for and superintend the publication and distribution of, any papers, manuscripts, documents and records collected by the society; to establish and maintain a library; to encourage and promote the study of history, and especially of the history of the Territory and State of Washington, at the University of Washington; to act as trustee and custodian of any historical, literary, scientific or other books, documents or property entrusted to its keeping; to purchase or construct a suitable building for safely housing and preserving the historical and other records belonging to the society or committed to its care, and for its use and accommodation in all other respects; to receive, accept and fully acquire by purchase, lease, gift, or otherwise, lands, tenements and herediments, and all such personal property as it may deem desirable for its interests, including stocks in other corporations, promissory notes, bonds, mortgages, bills receivable and choses in action, and to sell and dispose of the same (except that the papers, books, documents, historical and other records. belonging to the society, shall never be sold, mortgaged or disposed of, but duplicates or superfluous copies thereof may be exchanged or otherwise disposed of); to borrow money and to make and deliver its promissory notes or other agreements to |