and that France never would have pretended or hoped to obtain one inch of land east of the Missisippi, Iberville and the lakes. The true intentions of the contracting parties being thus expressly manifested, I shall content myself by copying a single paragraph from VATTEL among many other similar ones which 1 could produce from other civilians, in support of the rights of the king my master, on this subject. In paragraph 174 of "The interpretation of Treaties, Vattel says..." When we manifestly see what is the sense that agrees with the intention of the contracting powers, it is not permitted. to turn their words to a contrary meaning. The intention sufficiently known furnishes the true matter of the convention, of what is promised and accepted, demanded and granted. To violate the treaty, is to go contrary to the intention sufficiently manifested, rather, shan against the terms in which it is conceived; for the terms are nothing without the intentions through out to dictate them." According to this, the position taken by the president, in the said paragraph of his message, that the right (no doubt alluding to the territorial right) was doubtful or unsettled as inadmissible,

of course all the inductions & consequences he draws from this supposition, fall completely to the ground. Besides, whatever alteration or change might have taken place in the territories of his Catholic Majesty could never have been as I have had the honor to.. inform you, sir, but the effects of a new plan of frontiers, which the retrocession of Louisianawould of course render necessary; or else it might proceed from the circumstance of Spain's being engaged in a war with England; but never with a view to disturb the peace and good understanding be. twixt Spain and the United States.

The president continues saying, "inroads have recently been made into theterritories of Orleans and the Mississippi; our citizens have been seized and their property plundered in the very parts of the former, which had been actually delivered up by Spain, and this by the regular officers and soldiers of that government."

Although I have not on this subject more information than that received through the American news papers, whose accounts cannot be supposed very impartial, nevertheless supposing them correct in their extent, from those I have read it is neither proved nor do I think it possible to believe, that the officers and soldiers of the king,my master, have cros sed the American line, to commit within the jurisdiction of the United States, the pretended insults. The first example of these inroads was given by several American citizens,who,in August 1804, penetrated through the territory of Baton Rouge,and aidedby the brother Kempers, and other malcontents of the Spanish side made an attempt to surprize and render themselves masters of the fort of Baton Rouge, and actually arrested some magistrates and other persons of note. On this subject I had the honor of speaking and writing to you, sir, in due time, but I am hith erto without the least answer. If the seizing of 4merican citizens ("our citizens have been seized") has any reference to the arrest of the Kempers, I must in the first place declare, that according to my late information these Kempers are not American Citizens, because when they settled themselves in the Spanish territory, they became subjects of the king, and of course had lost their rights as American citizens; and in the second, that the arrest of these persons according to a letter from Natches, of the 8th October last, published in the United States Gazette, of Philadelphia, was effected by negroes, mulattoes and American citizens, who, no doubt, expected some recompense, delivered them within the Spanish lines, from whence it appears some Spanish soldiers took charge of to conduct them to Baton Rouge. It is true that it has also been said, that a part of a company of cavalry, commanded by a certain captain Jones, had entered a⚫nother part of the line and had conducted themselves in a violent and improper manner, towards two families; but should this account be true, I can assure you, sir, that the government of the United States shall receive due satisfaction from Spain, the reputation of whose government is too well established, to believe it can in any manner be privy to, or approve of acts, as far beneath its character as they are useless in their effects. Incidents of this nature often happen on the frontiers of every country, and they only deserve attention when they receive the sanction of the government of the aggresors, or when in such cases, due satisfaction is refused.

I have gone over step by step, the article of the president's message which relates to Spain, and, have endeavored to present with candor and truth, although in a cursory manner, whatever may give correct ideas on its nature and tendency. Having fulfilled this duty incumbent on my situation, permit me to offer you, sir, the sentiments of high consideration, with which I have the honor to be,

EL MARQUIS DE CASA YRUJO. JAMES MADISON Esq.

Editor's Closet.

We are informed that the wretched egotist, SoLoMON SOUTHWICK, is now laboring under the most confirmed insanity. Amongst the many proofs of his derangement, are two singular facts :-He imagines that he has been invested with an agency for demolishing the whole fabric of Christianity; and, it is said, has actually commenced his operations, by attacking its ministers. He has also imbibed the strange conceit, that he is appointed to make a conquest of the moon. For this purpose, he is pre paring a quiver of pens, but has not yet determined of what material to make the bow. He intends to ascend by means of a huge kite, formed of the Albany Registers which were published while "under bis editorial control." He is himself to act as bob to the kite, by clinging to its tail, while Dewit Clinton holds the string.-Notwithstanding these singular fantasies, we are assured, that he performs his task of reading and writing for the house of Assembly, with his usual ability; and that the only difference to be perceived is, that he stands on tiptoe oftener, and sometimes appears to be putting himself in a posture to fly.

Monroe's Remonftrance.

A long and spirited remonstrance, presented to the British government by Mr. Monroe, on the 23d of September last, has been sent to Congress by the President. This remonstrance relates principally to the late seizure and condemnation of American vessels by the British, in conformity with new doctrines assumed by them. It also touches lightly upon the impressment of our seamen. We cannot find room for it; nor do we think it necessary. It speaks nothing but what every honest American feels.— We extract the following passages, however; because the first contains an explicit acknowledgement of the benefits arising from JAY's Treaty; and the last conveys a just idea of the timid policy of the present administration ;-

"I fhall now proceed (fays Mr. Monroe) to fhew that the decifions complained of are contrary to the understanding, or what perhaps may more properly be called an agreement of the two governments on the fubject. By the order of the 6th Nov. 1793, fome hundreds of American veffels were feized, carried into port and condemned. Thofe feizures and condemnations, became the fubje&t of an immediate negociation between the two nations, which terminated in a treaty, by which it was agreed to fubmit the whole fubject to commiffioners, who fhould be invefted with full power to fettle the controversy which had thus arifen. That ftipulation was carried into complete effect; commiffioners

were appointed, who examined laboriously and fully, all the cafes of feizure and condemnation which had taken place, and finally decided on the fame, in which decifions they condemned the principle of the order and awarded compenfation to thofe who had fuffered under it. Thofe awards' have been fince fairly and honorably dif charged by Great-Britain."

Speaking of impressments, Mr. Monroe says

"In that line, the rights of the United States have been fo long trampled under foot, and the feelings of humanity, in ref. pect to the fufferers, and the honor of their government, even in their own ports, fo often outraged, that the aftonifhed world may begin to doubt, whether the patience with which these injuries have been borne, ought to be attributed to generous or worthy motives; whether the United States merit the rankto which in other refpects they are juftly entitled, among independent powers, or have already, in the very morn of their political career, loft their energy and become degenerate."

un

That a democratic editor should tell falshoods when there is any thing to be gained by it, is by no means extraordinary. It is a very common thing with them. But we cannot conceive what motive Holt could have had for asserting, in his last paper, that "we have ministers to the courts of France and England distinguished for their talents and undoubted for their falelity to the interests of their country." Holt must know, for every body knows, that MONROB was formerly recalled from the French Court by WASHINGTON, for infidelity to his country: And nine tenths of the people of the United States believe that ARMSTRONG will or ought to be recalled by the present administration, for his late infidelity to the interests of his country.

Voice of the People.

Memorials have been presented to Congress from the merchants of almost every commercial town and city in the United States, relative to the almost numberless aggressions on our neutral rights. No distinction of party is known in these memorials, We do not wish to anticipate evil : But we fear that nothing will rouse our government to action.

The bill for suspending our intercourse with Great Britain, it is expected, will pass the house of representatives of the United States.

TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

On a re-consideration of the communication of "JOB," we conclude not to publish it. By pruning it of some parts, rather objectionable, we should materially alter its tone and spirit, a freedom which we do not like to exercise. In any future essays, wes should advise "Jon" to take a less extensive field. We trust, he may rely on candor in our judgment, and friendship in our counsel.

We shall continue the letters from the plain gentleman at Washington, to his FRIEND RELF, 25 our room will allow.

Maricultural.

EXTRACT.

FROM THE MIDDLESEX GAZETTE.

COMPLAINTS

PLAINTS in the past feafon, have been made that the Canker worms which a few years fince, committed fuch depredations on our orchards, have again made their appearance, commenced their deftru&tive career, and threaten a repeti. tion of the calamity formerly inflicted. The apple in its various ufes is fo extremely neceffary and convenient to every clafs of citizens in the community that its prefervation from the ravages of thefe devouring reptiles, is an object of no fmall magnitude.

It has been erroneously imagined that the eggs, which in the genial warmth of fpring, produce fuch infinite multitudes of the canker worm, were depofited by an infe&t in the earth, under the trees the preceding feafon. Hence many abfurd and ufelefs methods have been adopted to arreft their progrefs. The infects undoubtedly, depofit their eggs under the rough bark of the apple-tree, and in defective places in the trunk and branches, in which pofition they are much better protected from the inclemency of the feafons, than, they would be in the earth. This idea receives confirmation from a remark frequently made, when they appeared be-1 fore, that young orchards, the bark of whofe trees were fmooth, elcaped unhurt, whilft older orchards in their vicinity were defroyed. Having found the depofitories of the eggs of thefe infefs, the following method is propofed for their deftruction Take a hoe and fcrape off all the rough bark from the branches and trunks of your trees, in the fall of the year exercifing the precaution not to injure the live bark, and the bark thus fcraped off, it would be advifeable, though not indifpenfibly neceffary, to remove. This operation will deftroy a great part of the eggs. In the following fpring, before the worms appear, encircle the trunks of your trees just below the branches, with turf, or clod of earth covered with grafs, an inch and an half or two inches thick, fecured in its place by a cord, or the inner bark of elm nicely adjusted to the bodies of the srees fo as to leave no paffage for the worms, and cut fquare on the under fides in a line perpendicular with the body of the tree. The worms which may be hatched below the turf can never furmount this obftacle. Many eggs depofited above in the branches will undoub edly have el

caped destruction from the first operation. When have reason to believe that the you eggs are all hatched and before the worms have done much injury, fend a lad up into the trees and let him begin at the top and gently agitate the limbs from top to bottom. The worms on fhaking the branches, will quit their hold, and by a web of their own fpinning let themfelves down to the ground. They will attempt to reafcend by the body of the tree. When they come to the turf and attempt to crawl on the under fide of the horizontal plain which it prefents, the loofe particles of earth on which they fix, their fangs will give way and they will fall back to the ground. You must keep an eye on your trees, and if it be found neceffary, repeat the operation of fhaking. For fince the first, other eggs not before hatched, may have yielded their production, or perhaps the worms did not at first all quit their hold.

If thefe directions be well obferved, the worms will inevitably be deftroyed. The labor and expence in preferving your orchards from deftruction will be trifling, when compared with the object to be attained.

THAT worthip of the mind which is performed in fpirit and in truth,' whether it be in a congregation, or in private retirement, or in our lawful labor in the world, is the only worship which can be. come the dignity of a rational and immor tal fpirit the only worship that can produce any inward reformation, which is the one great end; and the only worship that we can be engaged in with a wellgrounded hope of approbation from the uncreated, omniprefent, and all-fearching fpirit.

Selections.

Extract from the Speech of Governor STRONG, before the Legiflature of Maffachusetts:

"BUT changes in the constitution of Government are more injurious than in the system of laws; even a small innovation anay destroy its principles. The framers of the National Constitution had before them, not only the forms which had been preferred by the several States, but those also which before that time had been devised in other ages and nations; and though the repeated experiments which have since taken place in Europe, may suggest matter for warning, they afford nothing for imitation. If notwithstanding, it is found by experience that the constitution operates very unequally, or the construction of any part is doubtful, amendments may

be necessary to alter or explain it. But it is in vain to expect that all will be satisfied -Free gov ernments admit of an endless variety of modifica tions, and the opinions entertained of their respect ive merits are equally various. When the Consti tution was established, perhaps no man that be came subject to it, was perfectly pleased with every part. It was the result of mutual concession, and such indeed must always be the case, when a form of Government is voluntarily accepted by a Community.

"Almost every nation, at some period of their existence have enjoyed the privileges of a free gov ernment: but how few have preserved them!— they have been lost by the inconstancy of the citizens, or forfeited by their vices. In many Republics, repeated variations in the modes of Government have taken place, as different parties happened to predominate, until the people become wea ry of changes, and preferred the quiet absolute power, to the tumults of perpetual revolution. In the minds of some men, there seems to be a restlessness which renders them dissatisfied with any uniform course of things, and makes them eager in the pursuit of novelty; they abound in projects, and are ever meditating some fanciful change in the plan of government, which their imaginations represent as useful. But men of great ambition are still more dangerous; they commonly make the fairest pretences to principle, though they are actuated only by self interest. If the constitution or Laws of their Country present obstacles to the accomplishment of their wishes, they employ every artifice to alter or abolish them; and if individuals oppose their attempts, they are equally artful and solicitous to destroy their influence, and render them odious to their fellow citizens.

"Few men, even in a prosperous community, are fully satisfied with their condition; a great part are easily induced to believe, that there is something wrong in the government or Laws which might be rectified to their advantage; they therefore readily embrace any specious proposal to effect an alteration. The crafty and ambitious know how to avail themselves of this disposition to change, and encourage their followers to expect, that the amendments they propose will perfectly suit their case and produce the very blessings they wish: in this way, they not only effect their immediate object. but acquire an influence which enables them afterwards to accomplish the most destructive innovations Such persons encourage hopes, that can never be realized, and excite complaints which the most wise and benevolent Administration is unable to remove.

"Indeed we are generally apt to ascribe too much to the efficacy of Laws and Government, as if they alone could secure the happiness of the people; but no laws will be sufficient to counteract the influence of manners which are corrupted by vice and volup tuousness; and it is beyond the power of any Cov ernment, to render the circumstances of the citizens easy and prosperous, if they want the habits of industry and frugality.-Government is necessary to preserve the public peace, and protect the persons and property of individuals: but our social happiness must chiefly depend upon other causes; upon simplicity and purity of manners; upon the education that we give our children; upon a steady adherence to the customs and institutions of our ancestors; upon the general diffusion of knowledge, and the prevalence of piety and benevolent affections among the people

Our forms of government, are doubtless, like all other human institutions, imperfect; but they will insure the blessings of freedom to the citizens, and preserve their tranquility, as long as they are virtuoue; and no Constitution that has been, or can be formed, will secure those blessings to a depraved and vicious people.

The unanimity which appeared in both branches of the Legislature, when a proposed amendment to the national Constitution was disapproved by you at the last session, may seem to render these remarks superduous; but as the Constitution of this State does not require, that such amendments should be laid before the Executive, for approbation; and as other questions of this kind are likely to arise, I trust there is no impropriety in suggesting these reflections, or in adding my testimony in favor of the principles you adopted, in the instance to which I refer."

Congress.

[BALANCE SUMMARY]

The Ex-Bafhaw of Tripoli.

The application of Hamet Bashaw to our government for relief and assistance, has brought forth a great number of documents, which serve to shew the nature and extent of the alliance or co-operation of our government and the gallant EATON, with the exiled sovereign. These documents are highly interesting, but, as we observed in our last, their great length compels us to reduce them to a summary :

The President in the message accompanying these documents, states, that on its being suggested that a concert in aetion with us was desirable to the Ex-Bashaw, it was considered that concerted ope. rations by those who have a common enemy were entirely justifiable, and might produce effects favorable to both, without binding either to guarantee the objects of the other-that the measure was committed to agents that commodore Barron was authorized to enter into an understanding with Hamet, and furnish him with some aids of arms and ammunition, and even money—that in order to avail him of the advantages of Mr. Eaten know. ledge of circumstances, an occasional employment was provided for the latter as an agent for the navy in that sea." Our expectation (says Mr. Jefferson) was, that an intercourse should be kept up between the Ex-Bashaw and the commodore; that whilst the former moved on by land, our squadron should proceed with equal pace, so as to arrive at their destination together, and to attack the common enemy by land and sea at the same time." The Fresident refers to the instructions to Commodore Barron, and several other eircumstances, to shew that a co-operation only was intended, and not an union of our object with the fortune of the Ex-Bashaw. The President proceeds to state, that in the event it was found, that, after placing the ExBashaw in possession of Derne, one of the most important cities and provinces of the country where he had resided himself as governor, he was totally unable to command any resources, or to bear any part in co-operation with us that we had nevar contemplated, nor were we prepared to land an ar my of our own," or to raise, pay or subsist an army. of Arabs,to march from Derne to Tripoli, and to carry on a land war, at such a distance from our resour ces-that, therefore, while an impression from the capture of Derne might still operate at Tripoli and an attack on that place from our squadron was day expected, Col. Lear thought it the best moment to listen to overtures of peace then made by the reigning Bashaw-that he d • so, and while urging provisions for the United States, effected all he could for the Ex-Bashaw, by engaging the restitution of his family.-The Fresident remarks, that "should it be thought by any that verbal instructions said to have been given by commodore Barron to Mr. Eaton amount to a stipulation that the United States should place Hamet Caramalli on the throne of Tripoli; a stipulation so entirely unauthorized, so far beyond our views, and so erroneous, could not be sanctioned by our government; or should Hamet Caramalli, contrary to the evidence of his letters of January 3d, and 29th, be thought to have left the position which he now seems to regret, under a mistaken expectation that we were at all events to place him on his throne, on an appeal to the liber

ality of the nation, something equivalent to the replacing him in his former situation, might be worthy its consideration."

The Documents.

First. An extract of a letter from the Secretary of State to Mr. Cathcart, dated August 22, 1802informing that Mr. Eaton had prevailed on the ExRashaw to repair to Malta, with a view to be with our squadron before Tripoli, and to be made use of against the Bashaw-expressing an opinion in favor of the co-operation—and advising, in case the aid of the Ex-Bashaw should be found inapplicable, or his own personal object unattainable, to treat his disappointment with much tenderness, and to restore him, as nearly as possible, to the situation from which he was drawn, and to make some oth. er convenient arrangement, more eligible to him; and further, in case of a treaty of peace with the reigning Bashaw, to make some stipulation, formal, or informal, in favor of the brother, which might be a desirable alleviation to his misfortune.

Second--Eaton's commission, as agent of the navy department of the U. S. for the several Barbary regencies, dated May 26, 1804.

7bird.-Letter from the Secretary of the navy to Mr. Eaton, dated May 30, 1804-informing him of his appointment-directing him to receive instructions from, and obey the orders of Commodore Barron, and to render to our squadron in the Mediterranean, every assistance in his power-and stating his compensation to be $ 1200 per annum, and the rations of a lieutenant in the navy.

Fourth.-Extracts of letters from the Secretary of the navy to Commodore Barron, dated June 25th, 1804-submitting entirely to the discretion of the Commodore, the expediency of co-operating with the Ex-Bashaw; and mentioning, that, in case of such co-operation, Mr. Eaton would be found extremely useful.-By this letter it appears, that Col. Lear was authorized to negociate a treaty of peace with the Bashaw of Tripoli. Commodore Barron was directed to convey him to any of the Barbary regencies that he might request, and co-operate with him in measures best calculated to effectuate a termination of the war with Tripoli.

Fifth-Commodore Barron's written instructions to Capt. Hull, dated Sept. 30, 1804-directing him to proceed to Malta or Syracuse, to refit his vessel (the Argus) then to take on board two months provisions and water, and proceed for Alexandria, and to convoy all vessels found there, or at Smyrna, as far as Malta, and immediately after to join the squadron of Tripoli.

Sixth.-Commodore Barron's verbal orders to Capt. Hull (attested by Capt. Hull and Mr. Eaton) -stating that the written'crders abovementioned were intended to disguise the real object of his expe dition and directing him to proceed with him(Eaton) to Alexandria in search of Hamet Bashaw, and to convey him and his suit to Derne or such other place as might be deemed most proper for co-operat ing with the naval force against the common enemy; or, if more agreeable to him, to bring him to the Commodore before Tripoli. "The Bashaw may be assured (said Commodore Barron) of the support of my squadron at Bengazi or Derne, where you are at liberty to put in, if required, and if it can be done without too great risque. And you may assure him also, that I will take the most ef fectual measures with the forces under my command for co-operating with him against the usurp er, his brother, and for re-establishing him in the regency of Tripoli. Arrangements to this effect are

confided to the discretion with which Mr. Eaton is vested by the government.

Seventh-Letter from Mr. Eaton to Capt. Hull, dated Grand Cairo, Jan. 8, 1805, containing translated copy of a letter from Hamet Bashaw to Mr. Eaton. The letter of Hamet glows with friendship and gratitude. He appoints a place of meeting, which Mr. Eaton states to be about 8 hours march from Alexandria.

Eighth.-Letter from Capt.Bainbridge to George Davis, Esq at Tunis, dated Tripoli, Jan. 27, 1805 -expressing the utmost anxiety to receive some information from the American government-and stating that the Bashaw was desirous of peace-that the funds of the prisoners were all exhausted; and that, were it not for the Danish consul, Mr. Nissen, they would suffer considerably for necessaries -To this letter is subjoined a postscript by the Danish consul, who speaks of the plan of the ExBashaw as "very vast ;" but adds that the prisoners lives would be sacrificed in case of success.

Ninth.-Letter from Mr. Eaton to the Secretary of the navy, dated, Alexandria, Feb. 13, 1805giving an account of transactions in Egypt. After mentioning several impediments to the progress of the expedition, Mr. Eaton states, that the Ex-Bashaw had determined to take the desart of Lybia to Derne, lest, by taking shipping and separating himself from the Arabs, they would lose all pa. tience if not confidence also, and abandon his cause

that he (Mr. Eaton) was to join him with a detachment from the city on the next Sunday, and proceed with them to Bomba, at the head of 500 men, and then take post-that Capt. Hull, in the meantime, was to repair to the rendezvous for suitable reinforcements and supplies to secure an estab lishment at Derne and Bengazi--that he had requested of the commodore, for the purpose, 100 stand of arms with cartridges, & 2 brass field pieces with trains and ammunition, and also a detachment of 100 marines, if necessary, to lead a coup de main-that the whole expenditure of cash in this expedition, including expences in Egypt would amount to

20,000-that further disbursements and supplies would be necessary to carry the plan into final effect; but that, as an indemnification, the Ex-Bashaw had pledged the tribute of Sweden, &c. as stipulated in the Convention. "The Arab3 and Moors (says Mr. Eaton) are universally with us, and, if we had the means of subsistence, we might march 20 or 30,000 from the borders of Egypt, who from time to time have taken refuge here since the usurpation of Jussuf Bashaw."

Tenth.-Letter from Mr. Eaton to Commodore Barron, dated, Feb. 14, 1805, repeating in substance the information contained in the foregoing letter, and closing in the following manner :-" At the invitation of the Bashaw and Divan, and in conformity to the sentinients expressed to me by the secretary of the navy, I have taken on myself the command in chief of the Bashaw's army and the direction of all operations by land, and I camet but flatter myself we may reallize success of our expectations on this coalition; and that you will have the glory of carrying the usurper a prisoner in your quadron to the United States; and of reliev ing our fellow-citizens from the chains of slavery, without the degrading condition of a ransom.

Eleventh-The Convention between the U. S. and the Ex-Bashaw, as published in the Balance of last week to which is subj›nied the following secret article:-

"His highness Hamet Bashaw, will use his tmost exertions to cause to surrender, to the com mander in Chief of the American forces in the Mediterranean, the usurper Joseph Bashaw, together with his family, and chief Admiral, called Maurad Rais, alias Peter Lisle, to be held by the gov ernment of the United States, as hostages, and as a guarantee of the faithful observance of the stipulations, entered into by the convention of the 23d February, 1805, with the United States, provided they do not escape by flight."

Twelfib.-Letter from commodore Barron to Gen. Eaton, dated, March 22d, 1805-acknowledging the receipt of the communications, &c. aforementioned: This letter is important, as it furnishes an explanation (perhaps the first that Gen. Eaton had ever received) of the object and views of our government, respecting the co-operation with the Ex-Bashaw. Commodore Barron declares his intention of immediately sending stores and provisions, and 7000, in spécie, to Gen. Eaton; but states the impossibility of furnishing the marines. He recom. mends the utmost caution, and states, that the government, in giving their sanction to a co-operation with the Ex-Bashaw, did not contemplate the measure as leading, necessarily and absolutely, to a reinstatement of that prince in his rights to the regency of Tripoli-that he was to be employed merely as an instrument-that the convention went beyond his (Barron's) powers-that the Ex-Bashaw ought not to consider us as bound to place him on the throne-that our co-operation with him must not stand in the way of any honorable and advantageous accommodation with the reigning Bashawand that, on such terms being offered and accepted, our support of the Ex-Bashaw must necessarily

cease.

Thirteenth.-Letter from Commodore Barron to the Secretary of the navy, dated, Malta, April 6, 1805-repeating the information in the preceding documents, and speaking in discouraging terms of the co-operation with the Ex-Bashaw.

Fourteenth.-Letter from Commodore Barron to Gen. Eaton, dat ed, Malta, April 15, 1805-containing nothing interesting.

Fifteenth.-Extract of a letter from Gen. Eaton to Commodore Barron, dated, Derne, April 20-May 1, 1805—in answer to the letter (number twelve) above mentioned. This letter does honor to the head and heart of Eaton. We fear that we shall not be able to do it full justice; but we will endeav. or to preserve its spirit and character. Gen. E aton states, that when government determined to co-operate with Hamet Bashaw, it was understood that adequate provision wou'd be made-that Haniet Bashaw, while in possession of Derne, and gaining ground against the usurper, asked for 6 field pieces, 1000 stand of arms, suitable ammunition, and $80,000-that the Secretary of the Navy informed Eaton that the arms, ammunition, and $ 50,000 would be furnished, and put on board the squadron at Hampton roads, then getting ready for sea-that information was received of Hamet having been driven from his post and retired to Egypt, in consequence of which the supplies were withheld--that the $20,000 deposited with the consul-general at Algiers, could not be supposed adequate to the purpose of bringing the Ex-Bashaw from his castle in Egypt, and placing him in a situation to act against a rival, possessed of all the resources of his kingdom-and that the $ 20,000, therefore, could have been meant only to assist the research of the ExBashaw, and the revival of his affairs.

"Hence

(says Gen. Eaton) I think it not presuming too far to conclude, that the unlimited discretion vested in the commander in chief, in regard to all the exigencies of the war, and particularly as it relates to the object in view, extends to every matter necessary to its accomplishment."- "The advantages (continues Gen. Eaton) calculated to result from the success of this measure have heretofore been stated, and thus far the experiment has not disappointed these calculations. We are in possession of the most valuable province of Tripoli; the high estimation the enemy places on this department of the kingdom is evidenced by the extraordinary efforts he has used to defend it, and by the menaces to which he has resorted to deter us from the operations here; his camp was only fourteen hours march from the place, when we seized it by assault. I am this evening informed they are retrogading, and only regret we have not the means of pursuing them. The expenses already incurred in this expedition will amount to nearly thirty thousand dollars; for thirteen thousand of which we are indebted to Messrs. Briggs & Brothers of Alexandria, eleven thousand have been received through the hands of captain Hull, including his advance and draughts in Egypt. I have disbursed nearly two thousand, and for the residue shall be indebted to individuals. This expense will not appear extravagant when it is considered that it covers all our expenditures in Egypt, where many sacrifices were necessary to pass the barriers of Turkish jealousy and avidity in getting the Bashaw through that country; of furnishing horses, tents, arms and ammunition, preparatory to our entering the desert; of provisjoning a thousand souls, and about two hundred horses in that barren desert, upwards of forty days, a distance of nearly five hundred miles, and of caravans for transporting these provisions the whole distance from Alexandria, and also the unavoidable expenditures in presents to chiefs, and payments to troops, in order to gain the one and avail ourselves of the services of the other," Gen. Ea

ton further states, that the Ex-Bashaw while in Egypt was destitute of all means of moving a military expedition, except the attachment of his subjects that the possession of Derne did not materially alter that situation that the harvest had failed, which, with the extraordinary tributes exacted by the usurper, had rendered the whole kingdoin poor and oppressed, and unable to contribute any thing-that no chụcf can long support military operations without the means of subsisting and paying his troops, particularly with Arabs, who are poor, yet avaricious, and being accustomed to des. potism, are indifferent about the name or person of their despot. He instances the great difficulty which the usurper found in recruiting, and the facility with which the Ex-Bashaw brought 2000 Arabs into the field, to shew the weight of money, with those people, and the balance of influence in favor of the [atter. Gen. Eaton expresses the utmost confidence, that with the aids contemplated to be furnished by government, Hamet Bashaw might have proceeded to the walls of Tripoli. Still he appears to have entertained but little hope of complete success, even then, without the co-operation of regular troops debarked from the squadron, or procured elsewhere.

With the supplies asked for (says he) provisions for our Christians, and with the firm front of one regular regiment, I believe it would not be presuming too far, to engage, in conjunction with the squadron, to force the enemy to take refuge in a sanctu ary. But 1 confess, sir, (continues the mag

nanimous Eaton) that there is one discouraging circumstance resulting from the declared views in affording auxiliaries to Hamet Bashaw. These aids are to be withdrawn at any period, when the enemy shall propose terms of peace which may be accepted by the agent of government on the spot. If Hamet Bashaw is to be used solely as an instrument to the attainment of an object exclusively to the advantage of the United States, without any consideration to his future existence, or well-being, I cannot persuade myself, that any bond of patriotism dictates to me, the duty of having a chief agency, nor indeed any, in so extraordinary a sacrifice. Certainly the enemy will propose terms of peace with us the moment he enterains serious apprehensions from his brother. This may happen at any stage of the war most likely to rid him of so dangerous a rival, and not only Hamet Bashaw but every one acting with him, must inevitably falį victims to our economy. If we proceed no farther, it would seem incumbent on the honor of government in the event of peace, at least, to place Hamet Bashaw in a situation as eligible as that from which he has been drawn, out of the power of an incensed and vindictive energy. Probably Jussuff Bashaw would agree to establish him in the government of this province and Bengazi, and to re store to him his family. He may perhaps be made satisfied with such an accomodation, and the United States experience from it many of the advantages calculated to result from carrying the original plan into execution, and consistently with both our onor and interest. At all events, I am deeply im eed with the opinion, that the post we have secured here should not be abandoned, nor terms of peace precipitately embraced; indeed it were to be wished that the effect of the success of a co-operation might be tried. It would very probably be a death blow to the Barbary system. Any accommodation savouring of relaxness would as probably be death to the navy, and a wound to the national honor. If it is determined either to proceed or hold a position here, further supplies of cash and provisions must immediately be sent to the coast. From reasons which will suggest themselves from preceding observations, it would not be good policy in Hamet Bashaw to levy contributions during the contest with his brother, lest it should alienate his friends. On the contrary, he ought to be enabled to move with a liberal hand. Cash will do much with the inhabitants of this country even those whom it will not engage tofight, will by it be engaged not to fight; with it we can pass generally. But if here and there we find a walled town or a garrison impervious to its influence, cannon balls and bayonets come in as irresistible agents. The convention I have entered into with Hamet Bashaw may be useful in case he succeeds in getting repossession of his government, otherwise it can do no mischief, even ifratified, as will appear by the precaution in the secand article."

[TO BE CONCLUDED NEXT WEEK.]

The following article appears in the Gazette of the United States, under the head of

Political Skirmish.

During the debate on friend Sloan's resolution, to lay a tax of ten dollars on every imported slave. Mr. Broom commenced the attack. In the course of, by great odds, the best speech that has been made the present session (closed doors excepted, and if there was then a better, it will ever be locked up in impenetrable darkness) he bore down upon South Carolina in a torrent of elocu

tion, charged with rankling facts. He told them, that every state had agreed with congress, in their abhorrence of the slave trade...that contrary to the wish of every other part of the union, they still kept open a door for the horrid trade. This roused Peter Early, the champion of the South in oratory, and perceptibly, he was not entirely divested of chagrin.

He charged the champion of emancipation with disrespect to South Carolina, but what was enough to excite the wrath of any man in Peter's situation, Georgia had been implicated. He told, and with exultation told his opponent, that the good and virtuous state of Georgia had in their constitution, a prohibition against the slave trade, & called upon the gentlemen to say, whether Delaware has done as much. This was taken up by Connecticut, in the person of J. C. Smith, who observed that the state which he represented, being formed two hundred years ago never contemplated a slave trade, and from that time to the present moment, she had never received any of their precious traffic. Mr. Early rejoined, and told him, that were it not for NewEngland men, the trade would never be brought to South Carolina, for that nine tenths of the seamen, from the captain downwards, were New-England men. Mr. Dana pleaded guilty, but ably threw off the opprobrium from Connecticut to the gentleman opposite, General Stanton of Rhode Island, to whom he referred on this occasion. The General was now obliged to rise. He declared that he knew none, at present engaged in the traffic....and that among the Rhode-1slanders it was now unpopular.

Budson, February 11.

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Be it our weekly task,

To note the passing tidings of the times.

A law has passed in Virginia to prevent slaves being brought into that state; and to prevent those from remaining there who have been emancipated.

Accidents.

Mr. Giles, on his way to congress, was thrown from his carriage, and had his leg broken.

Mr. Madison lately dislocated his knee by a fall.

The house of Mr. William Fowler, of Marcellus, in this state, was lately destroyed by fire, and four children, the eldest 7 years of age and the youngest 6 months, perished in the flames.

FOREIGN NEWS.

B late arrivals at New York, from San Lucar, and Tonningen, intelligence is received, of which the following is the fubftance:

On the 13 h November,the French army entered Vienna,the imperial Auftrian court having retired to Brinn, a ftrong town in Moravia dependant on Bohemia, and leated at the confluence of the rivers Zwitta and Swart, 53 miles north from Vienna. -On the 14th, a body of the French army entered Prefburgh, the capital of Hungary, feated on the Danube, 32 miles eaft of Vienna. The fame day the Emperor Napoleon organized for Auftria a new, form of government, and appointed Gen Clarke to be governor in chief. Each of the conquered circles is placed under the direction of a fuperintendancy, of which M. Darm, councellor of ftate, is appoin ted fuperintendant general. It is flated, that the Ruffian army had offered to capit

ulate, on condition of being permitted to return home-and that the kingdom of Hungary had alfo offered to capitulate.

Nearly 3,000 pieces of brafs cannon and 200,000 mufkets were taken at Vien

na.

LATEST.

From the Baltimore American.

BALTIMORE, Feb. 4.

Captain Pierce, of the fhip Harriot, arrived laft evening from Batavia, politely furnished us, at a late hour, through the hands of an obliging commercial friend,with the London Sun of the 2d December, put in his poffeffion by the captain of the British Barbadoes packet, Windfør Caftle, which he spoke on his paffage, containing the following highly important statement. of the "figning a feparate Treaty between the Emperors of France and Austria, under the walls of Vienna."

The latenefs of the hour at which we received the paper, has obliged us to confine our extracts to the annexed articles until our next publication.

LONDON, Dec. 2.

We on Saturday laid before our readers the diftreffing intelligence received from Holland, of the fignature of a Treaty of Peace between the Emperor of Germany and the French. The following is the letter from the Dutch Admiral Kik. hert :

"Brutus, Nov. 24, 1805. Rear Admi ral Kikhert has the honor to inform the Commander of any of his Britannic Majeffy's fhips which are on the coaft of Holland, the important intelligence of Peace having been figned between his majefty the Emperor of the French and the Emperor of Germany, under the walls of Vi enna, has been received by an extraordinary Couric; and that the con. ditions were fo fettled that until the rat. ification of the Treaty, Venice and the whole of the Tyrol fhould continue in the hands of the French. The archduke Charles is dead with chagrin and fatigue. A more detailed account is every moment expect. ed of the conditions of the treaty, among which, it is faid, there is an article, itating, that the government of Auftria is to pay to the Emperor of the French forty millions of livres. "KIKHERT."

From the Norfolk Ledger. Captain Poulfon, arrived here, from Teneriffe,via St.Thomas, furnishes us with fome further particulars refpecting the Rochefort fquadron, which he derived partly from the American captains whose fhips had been deftroyed, and partly from his own obfervation.

This fleet put to fea in expectation of meeting the combined fleet from Cadiz ; for this purpose they cruifed fome time in a certain latitude, during which they deftroyed the neutral veffels. After fome time they endeavored to gain the port of Vigo,but

the wind heading, they made for Teneriffe, where they arrived confifting of one three decker, four seventy fours, three frigates two brigs, the Calcutta and fix merchant fhips, prizes.

They failed on the 17th November, with the Calcutta, which they had comiffioned. From the fmall quantity of provisions and water, which they procured at Teneriffe, and from the circumftance of taking the captains and crews of the neutral veffe's with them, captain P. concludes they will attempt to enter fome port in France or Spain.

A fhip had arrived at St. Thomas, one of the Cork convoy, the captain of which ftates, that the convoy was met as ftated in the account via Naffau, and all except two or three were destroyed by this fquadron after their leaving Teneriffe.

Capt Southward, arrived here from Elfineur, informs us, that on the 17th December, in lat. 45, 50, long. 14 he was boarded by a French corvette, in company with feven fail of French line of battle fhips, fteering Weft South-West. We cannot conjecture what French fleet this can be, having heard of none other except the Rochefort fquadron being at fea. If it had not been for the courfe which this fleet was fteering, we fhould have fuppofed it to be the Rochefort fquadron.

The deftruction of neutral veffels by the Rochefort fquadron, in order to prevent intelligence, is fomething new and extraordinary. We believe no nation has ever before proceeded to this length; because the French fleer skulking about the ocean is afraid to meet the enemy, neutrals who are purfuing their lawful commerce are feized and deftroyed-The account fays, that the captains have received Bills on Paris for the amount of their veffels and cargoes deftroyed. We fhall wait with "fome anxiety the arrival of fome of the captains, whofe veffels have been destroyed.

The deftination of this fleet is generally and with fome appearance of realon, fuppofed to be for India. It is to be hoped that none of our valuable India fhips will be fo unfortunate as to meet this deftroying fleet.

The knell.

DIED,

At Annapolis, ALEXANDER C. HANSON, Esq. Chancellor of Maryland, aged 56.

At New-London, RICHARD Law, Esq. Judge of the District Court of the United States for the district of Connecticut, aged 72.

At Troy, JOHN BIRD, Esq. Counsellor at Law, aged 37.

THE OFFICE OF
HOSMER & RODMAN,

Is removed to the rooms lately occupied by the
BANK.

Feb 11.