men, women and children breast

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the happy wife a few brief hours before now a widow, in the midst of a group of orphans. The supplies, both of provisions and clothing, which they had seized in the moment of their flight, were altogether inadequate to their wants. The chill winds of autumn were howling with melancholy wail among the mountain pines, through which, over rivers and glens, and fearful morasses, they were to thread their way sixty miles, to the nearest settlements on the Delaware, and thence back to their friends in Connecticut, a distance of two hundred and fifty miles. Notwithstanding the hardships they were compelled to encounter, and the deprivations under which they laboured, many of them accomplished the journey in safety, while many others, lost in the mazes of the swamps, were never heard of more.

Thus fell Teedyuscung, who, with all his faults, was nevertheless one of the noblest of his race, and thus was his death avenged upon the innocent.*

Among the individual incidents marking this singular tragedy was the following: - Some of the fugitives were pursued for a time by a por

* Major Parsons, who acted as secretary to the conference with Teedyuscung in 1756, described him as "a lusty raw-boned man, haughty, and very desirous of respect and command." He was however, something of a wit. A tradition at Shroudsburg, states, that he there met one day a blacksmith named Wm. McNabb, a rather worthless fellow, who accosted him with, "Well, cousin, how do you do?" "Cousin, cousin!" repeated the haughty red man, "how do you make that out?" "Oh! we are all cousins from Adam." "Ah! then, I am glad it is no nearer !" was the cutting reply of the chief.

tion of the Indians, and among them was a settler named Noah Hopkins, a wealthy man from the county of Duchess, in the State of New-York, bordering upon Connecticut. He had disposed of a handsome landed patrimony in his native town, Amenia, and invested the proceeds as a shareholder of the Susquehanna Company, and in making preparations for moving to the new colony. Finding, by the sounds, that the Indians were upon his trail, after running a long distance, he fortunately discovered the trunk of a large hollow tree upon the ground, into which he crept. After lying there several hours, his apprehensions of danger were greatly quickened by the tread of foot-steps. They approached, and in a few moments two or three savages were actually seated upon the log in consultation. He heard the bullets rattle loosely in their pouches. They actually looked into the hollow trunk, suspecting that he might be there; but the examination must have been slight, as they discovered no traces of his presence. The object of their search, however, in after-life, attributed his escape to the labours of a busy spider, which, after he crawled into the log, had been industriously engaged in weaving a web over the entrance. Perceiving this, the Indians supposed, as a matter of course, that the fugitive could not have entered there. This is rather a fine-spun theory of his escape; but it was enough for him that he was not discovered. After remaining in his place of concealment as long as nature could endure the con

finement, Hopkins crept forth, wandering in the wilderness without food, until he was on the point of famishing. In this situation, knowing that he could but die, he cautiously stole down into the valley again, whence five days before he had fled. All was desolation here. The crops were destroyed, the cattle gone, and the smouldering brands and embers were all that remained of the houses. The Indians had retired, and the stillness of death prevailed. He roamed about for

hours in search of something to satisfy the cravings of nature, fording or swimming the river twice in his search. At length he discovered the carcass of a wild turkey which had been shot on the morning of the massacre, but which had been left in the flight. He quickly stripped the bird of its feathers, although it had become somewhat offensive by lying in the sun, dressed and washed it in the river, and the first meal he made therefrom was ever afterward pronounced the sweetest of his life. Upon the strength of this turkey, with such roots and herbs as he could gather in his way, he travelled until, after incredible hardships, his clothes being torn from his limbs in the thickets he was obliged to encounter, and his body badly lacerated, he once more found himself among the dwellings of civilized men.*

But this out-break of the Indians put an end

* The facts of this little incidental narrative, were communicated to the author by Mr. G. F. Hopkins, the printer of this present volume and a nephew of the sufferer, who died at Pittsfield, (Mass.) at a very advanced age, about thirty years ago. He was a very respectable man.

to their own residence in Wyoming. On the receipt of the tidings at Philadelphia, Governor Hamilton directed Colonel Boyd, of Harrisburgh, to march at the head of a detachment of militia, and disperse the authors of the massacre. The savages, however, had anticipated the arrival of the troops, those of them at least who had participated in the murderous transaction,-and withdrawn themselves farther up the river, to the Indian settlements in the vicinity of Tioga. The Moravian Indians resident there, who had taken no part in the massacre, removed toward the Delaware, to Gnaddenhutten. But their residence at this missionary station was short. The horrible massacre of the Canestogoe Indians, residing upon their own reservation in the neighbourhood of Lancaster, in December of the same year, by the infuriated religious zealots of Paxtang and Donnegal, filled them with alarm. They repaired to Philadelphia for protection; and as will presently appear, were only with great difficulty saved from the hatchets of a lawless band of white men, far more savage than themselves.

The transaction here referred to was a most extraordinary event, the record of which forms one of the darkest pages of Pennsylvanian history. It took place in December 1763. It was during that year that the great Pontiac conceived the design, like another Philip, of driving the Europeans from the continent. Forming a league between the great interior tribes of Indians, and summoning their forces in unison upon the war-path, he attacked the garri

sons upon the frontiers, and the lakes, which were simultaneously invested, and many of them taken. The borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, were again ravaged by scalping parties, and the frontier settlers of Pennsylvania in particular suffered with great severity. But although the fragments of the Delawares and Six Nations still residing in that Colony did not join in the war of Pontiac, yet, either from ignorance or malice, suspicions were excited against one of the Indian Moravian communities. Availing themselves of this pretext, a number of religionists in the towns of Paxtang and Donnegal, excited to a pitch of the wildest enthusiasm by their spiritual teachers, banded together for the purpose of exterminating the whole Indian race. Their pretext was the duty of extirpating the heathen from the earth, as Joshua had done of old, that the saints might possess the land. The Canestogoes were the remains of a small clan of the Six Nations, residing upon their own reservation, in the most inoffensive manner, having always been friendly to the English. The maddened zealots fell upon their little hamlet in the night, when, as it happened, the greater portion of them were absent from their homes, selling their little wares among the white people. Only three men, two women, and a boy, were found in their village. These were dragged from their beds, and stabbed and hatcheted to death. Among them was a good old chief named Shehaes, who was cut to pieces in his bed. The