hands of the Pagan Danes under Swayne, and doubtless the Cathedral must have suffered greatly under their sacrilegious and rapacious devastation. The author of the Annales Wint. under the 1086, p. 295, relates a circumstance which occurred during the course of this work. William permitted Walkelin to take from his wood called Hempage, about three miles from Winchester on the Alresford road, as much timber as he could cut and carry away in four days and nights, (not three, as Bishop Milner says). The cunning Bishop accordingly collected an immense number of carpenters, and actually removed the whole wood to Winchester. The King happening to go that way, looked about with astonishment, and exclaimed, 'Am I fascinated? Have I lost my senses? Where am I? Had I not a delightful wood here close to Winchester?' Being informed of the fact, he was much enraged; but the Bishop gaining admittance, under a disguise, threw himself at the monarch's feet, and offered to resign his bishopric, so that he could but retain the friendship which the King had entertained for him while in the more humble capacity of his chaplain. The generous monarch, disarmed of his resentment, restored him to his favor; saying, 'Walkelin, I was too liberal in my grant, and you too avaricious in the use you made of it.' This affair happened in the last year of William's life: after which the building was continued seven years longer, and at the end of fourteen years, viz. in 1093, the new church was rendered fit for divine service, and the conventual offices for the reception of the monks; almost all the Prelates and Abbots of England attending the dedication, which took place July 16, being the festival of St. Swithun. The next day, the Bishop's workmen began to demolish the old monastery. Annales Wint. 1093, p. 295. The Saxon Chronicle records none of these circumstances, nor does even the name of Walkelin occur in the index annexed to Ingram's Translation, excepting once where his death is recorded, at p. 817; but Malmesbury, a contemporary historian, (reg. lib. 3, and de Pont. 1. 2,) speaks fully on the point. William Rufus being in Normandy, and in want of money, sent an order to Walkelin to send him, without delay, £200. a large sum in those days, which the Bishop being unable to raise, without either selling the valuables of the Church or stinting the poor, prayed that he might be delivered from the miseries of life; an event which took place within ten days. Annales Wint. ut sup. He was buried in the nave of his Cathedral, at the foot of the steps leading into the choir. (Rudborne, Hist. Maj. lib. 5, cap. 1. p. 256.) His character is thus drawn by Malmesbury; Cujus bona opera famam vincentia senium a se vetustatis repellent quamdiu inibi sedes Episcopales durabit. Una in re multum peccavit, nimirum quod ad centum libratas terras Monachis auferens, suis et successorum usibus applicuit. Godwin, in a culpable manner, passes over the important fact of his being the refounder of our Cathedral. He merely says, "Illo sedente, anni nimirum 1079 Ecclesiæ Cathedralis fabrica quam nunc cerminus, primum erigi cœpta." p. 213. The following sketch is from Rudborne, p. 255. Post Stigandum, qui contra decreta Canonum ambas sedes occupaverat Cantuariensem viz. et Wyntoniensem, in sede Wyntoniensi, Stigando deposito, successit in Episcopatum Wentanæ civitatis Walkelinus, vir magnæ literaturæ, doctor in Theologia egregius, in studio Parisiacensi cathedram ascendit magistralem, consanguineus enim erat Willielmi Conquæstoris et natione Normannus. Hic primis temporibus suæ consecrationis Monachos Ordines S. Benedicti supra modum exosos habebat; ut habetur in Gest. Pontif. lib. 2." Unde et 300 libratas terræ Monachis Ecclesiæ suæ auferans, suis et successorum suorum usibus implicuit. Iste Walkelimus incitavit omnes Epōs Angliæ ad expellendum Monachos a Cathedralibus Ecclesiis in Anglia, ut habetur in Gestis Pont. lib. 1, cap. 7. Walkelinus Epus fieri fecit turrim Ecclesiæ Wintoniensis, ut modo cernitur; cœtum Monachorum in ipsa Ecclesia augmentavit ; et postquam strenue rexisset Wyntoniensem Ecclesiam 27 annis, quievit in Domino; illum nempe Atropus occurrit, Lachesis traxit, reparavit Clotho colum dire; patriæ flos cœpit abire. Sicq; viam universæ carnis Walkelyno ingresso, in propria Ecclesia sepultus est idem Præsul benignissimus, ut ita dicam. Sed et quamvis monachos omnes in Anglia et ecclesiam suam in principiis deliciarum exosos habuisset; infra breve tamen pænituit et quod per prius inordinate in animo concesserat, religiosissime corripuit, et restitutionem de malefactis ordini Monachorum illatis cum omni humilitate fecit. Et hoc mihi et omnibus in testimonium suæ satisfactionis devenit; quia obitum suum tam solemniter celebrat Wyntoniensis Ecclesia, tanquam pro speciali benefactore suo; quod non faceret, si ingratus eidem Ecclesiæ minimum exstitisset. Jacet enim ejusdem Præsulis venerabile corpus humatum in navi ecclesiæ ad gradus sub Pulpito, in quo erigitur crux argentea magna Stigandi Arpi cum duabus imaginibus argenteis magnis, ad pedes, viz. Wil. Gyffard quondam Wynt. Epūs; et in lapide marmoreo superposito sculpuntur hi versus ; Præsul Walklynus istic requiescit humatus Bishop Walkelin's death is thus recorded in the Sax. Chron:" A. D. 1098, In this year, Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester, within this* tide departed;" p. 317. Ingram's Trans. II. WILLIAM GIFFARD. SUCCEEDED A. D. 1100.-DIED A. D. 1128 9. After the death of Walkelin, William Rufus kept the See in his own hands till the period of his death in 1100. On the accession of Henry I. Pope Gregory the VIIth. watchful for the interests of his church, set up a claim in opposition to the King of England to the right of appointing to the vacant Sees by capitular election, which Henry vigorously resisted. Accordingly on the latter appointing That is, within the 12 days after Christmas or the interval between Christmas day, properly called the Nativity and the Epiphany; the whole of which was called Christmas tide or Yule tide, and was dedicated to feasting and mirth. Giffard, who had been Chancellor of England, temp. Gul. 1. (A. D. 1073 & 1788, orig. Jurid. Chron. Ser. p. I. Dugdale) to the diocese of Winchester, Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, refused him consecration. In this dilemma the King applied to Girard, Archbishop of York, who, with becoming loyalty, consented to his Sovereign's will: but such was the blind awe in which Giffard stood of the authority of Anselm* and the Papal See, that he was actually weak enough to refuse the proferred consecration. The natural consequence of this contempt was, his banishment, which took place in 1102. (Malm. de pontif. & Hoveden lib. 1, fol. 269.) The matter however, was at last arranged, the Pope consenting that Anselm should consecrate the Bishops already nominated, and the King, on his part, agreeing not to interfere in future with canonical election. The King was to possess the right of recommending the future Bishops - the Church, that of investing them with the spiritual insignia: but the Bishop elect was to do homage to the King, for his temporalties and barony. See M. Paris and Malm. The consecration of this Prelate, after much altercation, took place in the year 1107. Dunelm. Paris, Hoveden, &c. Bishop Giffard was not a native of this country (Rudb.) Probably a Frenchman, as he had been high in the favor of the Conqueror. He sat at Winton 28 years. Rudborne adds, (Hist. Maj. Wint. Ang. Sacra. 1) "Pentecostalia huic ecclesiæ contulit." He has left several monuments of his liberality and piety. He founded the Monastery of St. Mary Overy (i. e. St. Mary over the Rie-Rie meaning water), at Southwark, now called St. Saviour's. He built the body of the Church in 1106, 7. H. I. Matthew of Westminster says, that Canous regular then newly come into England were placed here, and by Bishop Giffard, according to the Hist. Maj. Win.; but Bishop Tanner observes, that this account is incon "Rigorem timens S. Anselmi." + W. Malmesbury, M. Paris, vol. 1, p. 58, 1. 56, and Rudborne and the rest of the Romanists who have recorded these events, are not content with saying he refused this consecration, but use the word "sprevit." For the real causes of the enmity which subsisted between the King and Anselm, see Turner's Hist. Engl. under Will. 2. ch. 5. Stow's survey of London, 1. p. 10. sistent with what had been said (in the last page) that Bishop Giffard was then in exile, which in truth, he then was, and had been for some years, for refusing to be consecrated by the Archbishop of York. Tanner under the article Overy, Hospital of St. Thomas, Surry, XX. 2., speaks of the burning of St. Mary Overy, A. D. 1207, which was rebuilt, but in 1228, was removed to the other side of the Borough, with the consent of Peter de Rupibus, then Bishop of Winchester, and dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr. He adds, it was accounted of the foundation of the predecessors of the Bishops of Winchester, and they had the patronage of it." Bishop Godwin deprives Giffard of the honour of being sole founder. He merely says, "ad fundationem magnam contulit pecuniam;" but Rudborne distinctly attributes the foundation to our Bishop. His words are, "Obiit Algodus Prior Mariæ de Southwerk quod Monasterium fundavit Willelmus Giffard, Wintoniensis Episcopus."-p. 282. He established in 1128 an Abbey of Cistercian Monks, at Waverly, near Farnham, Annales Waverl. being the first house which that order possessed in England. Bishop Tanner notices this in his Notitia under Surry XXIII. It was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, and had in it about the time of the dissolution, thirteen religious, and was endowed with £174. 8s. 3d. It was granted with all the estates belonging thereunto to Sir William Fitz Williams.-28 Henry VIII. He also founded a Priory of Black Canons at Taunton, Rymer, Fad. vol. XIV. p. 635. which Tanner thus notices under Somerset : On the East part of this town (Taunton) was a Priory of Black Canons, erected by William Giffard, Bishop of Winton, temp. Henry I. to the honour of St. Peter and St. Paul. It was valued 26 Henry VIII. at £286. 8s. 10d. and granted 36 Henry VIII. to Matthew Colehurst. But the most important work of a religious character that Bishop Giffard executed was, the removal of the new Minster, or St. Grimbald's Abbey, founded by Alfred, from the North side of the Cathedral to Hyde Meadow in 1110, Annal Wint. p. 297, where, through his influence with King Henry I. he procured the foundation of a stately Abbey. See Tanner, Notitia. Hants. XXXV. 3. and the authorities there quoted. At the dissolution, Hyde Abbey was valued at £865 18s, p. an, L |