to the due preservation of which in every respect the utmost attention is to be paid by officers of every rank.

The President of the United States being about to return to the seat of government, has been pleased to direct the commander-in-chief to present to the army his affectionate wishes for their welfare and happiness: in no way can the very grateful command be so fully executed as by publishing the very words of the President, which are accord. ingly subjoined.

To this parental counsel of our beloved chief magistrate, the commander begs leave to add the flattering hopes he entertains, that the conduct of the army wi!l justify the favorable anticipation formed of it, thus shall we establish to ourselves a character the most amiable, and exhibit to posterity a model to all future armies. Lest, however, some individual may have crept into the ranks, callous to all the feelings of honor, of virtue, and consequently the fair character so justly due to the great body of the troops may be snatched from them by the licentiousness of the few, the commandants of divisions, brigades, regiments and corps are required to examine minutely their respective troops before the army moves, and dismiss all whom they deem unworthy of participating in the honorable service in which we have embarked. Six rounds of ammunition are to be issued to all corps as yet unfurnished. The troops are to draw two day's provisions, on alternate days during the march. The Penn'a. and Maryland lines to draw on one day, and the New Jersey and Virginia lines on the next day; this system will be convenient for the superintendants of provisions, and consequently tend to produce punctuality in the supplies. The commander-in-chief has been pleased to appoint Major Wm. Alexander, & Major Nelson deputy Adjutant-Generals, and Doctor Welford Surgeon General - Majors Hand, Morgan and Chetwood, aids de camps to the commander-in-chief; they are to be respected accordingly. It is to be understood that no appointments in the line of the army is to affect appointments heretofore made.

The army moved westward to the arena of war, where, the soldiers remained on duty for several weeks. The following extracts give some particulars as to the number slain, wounded and missing, during the whole campaign, west of the mountains:

Pittsburg Nov 22, 1794.

The army having completed the business which called them to the field, viz. restoring order and submission to the laws in this country, without firing a gun or seeing any person that would acknowledge himself an insurgent, are now on their return home.

Gov. Mifflin, escorted by the Lancaster and Berks troops of horse left this place on Tuesday last (18 Nov.) and the day following the whole of the Pennsylvania line, under the command of Major General Irwin.

Governor Howell with the Jersey troops, marched on Friday (21). We hear that part of the Jersey horse will pass through Northumberland county-we regret that some restless, discontented characters inhabit that part of the state.

The Virginia and Maryland lines are also on their return home.

The Secretary of the Treasury of the United States left this town on Wednesday last (19) for the seat of Government.

Pittsburg Nov 29, 1794. Governor Lee, the Commander-in-Chief, left town on Wednesday last (26 Nov.) on his return to Virginia.

Major General Morgan, who is appointed to command the troops left this country, has established head quarters at Bentley's farm, on the Monongahela, where they have erected a fortification.

On Tuesday last, Judge Peters and Mr. Rawle, the attorney for the United States for this district, closed the examination of the persons apprehended in this county, said to have been active in the late insurrection-some were discharged, others held to bail.

Having now given an account of the town of Bedford, I proceed to the Bedford Springs. These celebrated Springs are about 1 miles south of Bedford. The medicinal properties of the Bedford spring, i. e. of the mineral spring, were first discovered about 50 years since, or in 1796, by a queer sort of a man by the name of Nicholas Schouffler, whose eccentricities are yet remembered by many of our oldest citizens. This man, though no alchymist, yet was a monomaniac on the subject of gold. He was always hunting for gold; indeed he spent all his time along the eastern spurs of the Alleghany mountains, and along the streams in our vallies, looking for the indications of gold -at last he got on the stream called Shover's run, followed it up until he got into a kind of bog thickly covered with underwood: he found what he thought sure indications of gold, in the sedementary deposit left by the waters of the Bedford Spring, upon the wood and stones over which it ran.

He immediately built a rude furnace and commenced his work of melting the stones, and evaporating the water. Enraptured with the idea of having now found the El Dorado of his wishes, he went to Thomas Vierey and told him he had found something valuable. Did you find iron? says Vierey. No better than iron, replied Schouffler. Well, did you find silver? No: better than silver. Well, did you find gold? No: better than gold. Well, Nicholas, what on earth did you find? Why I have found loadstone. This anecdote was related to me by an old citizen. Well, old Nicholas was right; he did find that which was better than iron, silver or gold. He found the Bedford mineral spring. He found no loadstone-but that which has the power of attraction equal to the magnet. The land on which the Bedford spring was found, belonged to Frederick Nawgal, sen. Afterwards, it was owned by a Mr. Wirtz, and about the year 1803 it was purchased by Dr. Anderson, and is now owned by Espy L. Anderson, Esq. Little notice seems to have been taken of the Bedford Spring prior to 1804. Dr. Anderson perhaps deserves the credit of first having discovered the chemical properties, and the medicinal qualities of the water. In 1804 the citizens of Bedford joined together with the full determination of knowing all about the spring that had become famous by affording relief to many who were afflicted. They followed the main current of the spring through the loose soil and thick underwood, until they traced it to a fissure in a limestone rock. The point where the spring issues, is about 16 feet above the level of Shovers' run. The water runs out very copiously; at the rate of 16 gallons per minute. The stream is constant; and the writer has noticed no increase or diminution, summer or winter, for 5 years—neither does the drought ef.

feet it. The spring comes from under a mountain, whose height is 480 feet; and the bed of magnesia (or sulphate of magnesium) through which the water percolates, may be 4 or 500 feet deep. Hence no ordinary drought can effect it. That the waters of this spring flow over an immense bed of magnesia, is evident from the composition found in it.

The analysis of this water by Dr. Church, gave the following result, viz:

1 quart of water contained 184 cubic inches of carbonic acid gas; 20 grains of the sulphate of magnesia 3.75; of the sulphate of lime 2.50; of the muriate of soda .75; of the muriate of lime 1.25; carbonate of iron 2; carbonate of lime, loss .75. Total, 31. grains of sedi

ment.

Or thus: 1 quart of water being evaporated, left a sediment of 31. grains, and consisted of the following ingredients, viz:

P. 8. I strongly suspect the presence of the nitrate of copper in the , of loss.

Here then we have this valuable medicine mixed in nature's great laboratory, to an extent of refinement that art and science can never approximate. From the composition held in solution by this water, it must be of immense importance to the afflicted.

Taken in moderate quantities, it must be one of the finest aperient or deobstruent medicines in the whole Materia Medica; and taken in large quantities it must be a powerful cathartic. As a deobstruent, it must also have a powerful diuretic effect: hence its utility in obstruc.. tions; and especially in liver complaint and greater debility of the system. In addition to the spring just described, there are 6 or 7 other medicinal springs in the neighborhood. Nature has done much for this beautiful and romantic spot. There is perhaps no other place in the United States where nature in her grandeur and sublimity is so closely connected with the embellishments of art. Here you can stand by the fountain of health, as it gushes from your mother earth, and gaze upon just so much of the blue heavens, as two mountains of nearly 500 feet high will permit. The base of those mountains nearly come together in Shovers' run, and slope off at angles of about 50 degrees. Here, too, you can see some of the finest forest trees in the world. Close by the spring stands a beautiful Sireodendron Tulipefera. Close by that the Libia Americana; and near it the gloomy Pine, and the beautiful Kalmia Satifolia, covers the mountain above you. Here is a field for the Botanist, the Entomologist, and the Ornithologist. The Geologist, too, can find plenty of employment for near the Bedford Springs are some of the finest fossil localities in the country. Here are found the

Nautilus Pseudo Pompilius, the Ammonites, the Encrim, the Serelratula, the Spirefer, the Producta, &c.

The improvements made by the present enterprizing proprietor, are in every respect commensurate with the place.

The buildings are, 1 large centre building, 162 feet long, 3 stories high and 70 deep; 2 other large 3 story buildings, 130 feet in front, each; and 1 other building, 120 feet in front-giving a front of 557 feet-besides 4 or 5 other buildings.

In front of the buildings there is a fine yard and on the mountains there are graded walks. There are cold and warm plunge and shower baths, and in short every comfort and convenience that could be wished. This is a palace in the wilderness-here you have the “urbs in rure"-the city in the woods.

Just below the yard is a large mill dam with a beautiful artificial Island. Dr. H. Heyden, in a letter written for Silliman's Journal in 1832 says-in relation to the Bedford Springs, "In fine the beautious and wonderful supply of water which flows from no less than seven highly medicinal springs, all within the radius of a stoney cast; the beauty of the valley and its susceptibility of the highest state of improvement, the lofty adjoining hills; and the extensive and beautifully romantic view from their summits to the north and east, present a combination of attractions hardly surpassed in this or in any other country on the globe. Add to this the facility of obtaining all the delicacies and comforts of life, including wild and tame animals, and vegetables of almost every kind and quality, and move over the high value of the perennial and other medicinal waters, which are not excelled in certain complaints by any in the word. All these circumstances combine to recommend the Bedford Springs as a place of unrivalled attraction.

This is the general opinion of all who visit the Bedford Springs.

Every thing about the Bedford Springs, nature as well as art is on a large and magnificent scale. Let those who are afflicted come to this beautiful and romantic spot, and have their debilitated constitutions strengthened and invigorated-let them inhale our pure, bracing and salubrious air, and drink from our gushing fountain of health, and the trembling limbs will soon become firm, and the pallid cheek will soon be turned to the roseate hue of health.-R. Weiser.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

MARTINSBURG, &c.

Martinsburg-Waynesburgh,or Bloody Run-McConnellstown--Werefordsburg-Licking creek-Fairview-Rainsburg-St. Clairsville---Shellsburg--Stonerstown--Freedom--Woodberry-Fort Littleton. Martinsburg, a post town and borough, in North Woodberry township, on a branch of the Juniata, 23 miles north of Bedford, is a flourishing place, situated in a fertile, limestone valley, in Morrison's cove, bounded by Tussey's Mountain on the east and Dunn's Mountain on the west. It contains about 100 dwellings, 4 churches, viz: German Reformed and Methodist; Lutheran, Methodist and a Winebrennerian, two Schoolhouses and 4 stores and one tavern.

The town was originally laid out by William Entriken; but derives its name from Mr. John Martin, who was an early settler here from the Conococheague settlements. The Cove was first settled by a Mr. Morrison from Washington county Maryland. Immediately after the Indian war, says the Revd. Rupley the Cove was resorted to by these desirous of seeking their fortunes in the "far west;" for by this term was the section known to the inhabitants of the eastern counties-it being immediately upon the out-skirts of civilization. The early settlers were compelled to undergo difficulties and privations, well nigh calculated to overcome the stoutest heart. Even now an aged pioneer is occasionally met with, narrating the wonderful adventures, the hazardous exploits performed, and extreme sufferings endured in days of yore, the attentive listner is sometimes led to inquire: "Can these things be?"

Hagerstown in Maryland (and afterwards Mercersburg, in Pennsylvania) was the nearest place of resort, where the products of the soil could be exchanged for other necessaries of life; such as salt, sugar, iron, &c. &c. No continuous roads then, as now, chequered the county, affording facilities to convey produce, goods, &c. all transporting was then done by means of pack horses, along narrow and sinuous paths, over hills, through valleys, till the last mountain was surmounted. Times and circumstances, with their concomitants have changed. The Cove is no longer in the wilderness. It is a place of plenty, even to all the luxuries of life, surrounded by forges, furnaces, mills, &c.

The first mill built in the Cove was erected by Mr. Jacob Neff originally from Lancaster county. It is said that while Mr. Neff was working at his mill, two Indians lay in ambush bent on taking his life. When he espied them, he pointed his gun at them, and they theirs at him. Neff sped a bullet through the heart of the older one, and retreated; the younger pursued him, but Neff soon despatched him also. Their bodies, he cast into the creek, and hastened to Holliday's Fort