Gaily, Wm. McTeer, Edward Ward, Arthur Erwin, James Clark, William Cranula.

West Pennsborough 1751.-William Queery, Wm. Lamont, Archibald McAllister, Wm. Carithers, John Davison, Allen Leeper, Neal McFaul, John McClure, (the less,) Wm. Logan, John Atchison, Thos. McCoy, Charles Gillgore, Andrew Giffin, Wm. Dunbar, Wm. Harkness, Wm. Patton, Samuel McClure, Rob. Walker, James Kirkpatrick, John Swansy, Arthur Clark, Adam Hays, Jas. McMeans, John Deniston, John McIntire, James McFarland, Wm. Laughlin, Robt. Brevard, Robt. M'Queston, Jas. Peebles, John M'Clure, (mountain,) Alex. McClure, John Langley, John Gordon, Wm. Livingston, Robt. Guthrie, Wm. Anderson, John Glass, Jon. Logan, Will. Duglass, Alex. Erwin, Alex. Logan, Wm. Townsley, Win. Parker, Margaret Parker, And. Forbush, John Morrison, David Kollogh, Geo. Brown, Francis Cunningham, Alex. Robb, Anthony Gillgore, Jacob Peebles, Samuel Wilson, Allen Scroggs, David Kenedy, Mary Dunning, Wm. Carithers, John Carithers, John Chestnut, Thos. Patton, And. Ralston, John McClung, Ezekiel Dunning, James Lea, John Lusk, Alexander McBride, Jas. McNaught, Wm. Blackstock, Jas. Crutchlow, Wm. Dunlap, Thos. Evans, Steven Cesna, Jas. Weakly, David Hunter, Josh. Cornelius, Alex. Weyly, Lewis Hutton, Jas. Warnock, David Dunbar, David Miller, John Wilson, Josh. Thomson, Josh. Dempsay, Samuel Lindsay, Paul Piercy, Owen McCool, Pat. Robeson, Thos. Parker.-Freeman: Samuel Wilson, Jas. McMunagle, David McCurdy, Pat. Reynolds, And. McAdams, John McCurdy.

Middleton, 1751.-William Trent, Thomas Wilson, John Elder, John Chambers, Robert McNutt, James Long, John Mahafy, James Reed, John Moor, John Craighead, James Dunlop, Patrick Hawson, Walter Denny, Jas. Gillgore, Patrick Davison, Thomas Elder, Henry Dinsmore, John Mitchel, Samuel Lamb, James Williams, James Matthews, Alex. Sanderson, James Henderson, Matthew Miller, John Davis, Wm. Graham, Wm. Campbell, Wm. Parkeson, Francis Mc Nichley, John McKnaught, John Calhoun, Wm. Peterson, John Robb, Robert Graham, Samuel McLucass, Daniel Williams, George Sanderson, Alexander Sanderson, Joseph Clark, John McClure, Jonathan Holmes, James Chambers, Thomas Armstrong, Wm. Waddel, James McConnell, Richard Nich

olson, John Neely, John McCrea, John Stuart, Archibald Kenedy, John Jordan, Wm. Jordan, George Templeton, Jas. Stuart, Richard Venable, Wid. Wilson, David Dreanan, John Dinsmore, Samuel Gauy, Wm. Davison, Samuel Bigger, Thos. Gibson, John Brown, John McKinley, Robt. Campbel, John Kinkead, Samuel Wilson, Robt. Patterson, John Reed, Robt. Reed, Wm. Reed, James Reed, Wm. Armstrong, James Young, Robert Miller, Wm. Gillachan, Josh. Davies, Wm. Fleming, John Gilbreath, Richard Coulter, Richard Kilpatrick, Andrew Gregg, Robert Thomson, John Dicky, Jas. Brannan, John McClure, John Buyers, Arthur Foster, Hermanus Alricks, John Armstrong, John Smith, Wm. Buchanan, Wm. Blyth, John McAllister, Wm. Montgomery, John Patterson, Robt. Kilpatrick, Archibald McCurdy, Wm. Whiteside, John Woodle, Wm. Dillwood, Wm. Huston, Thomas Lockward, Thomas Henderson, Jos. Thornton, James Dunning, Wm. Moor, Geo. Davison, Alex. Patterson, John McBride, Robt. Robb, Dennis Swansy, Daniel Lorrance, Jon. Hogg, Oliver Wallace, John Bell, Arthur Buchanan, Robert Guthrie, Berry Cackel, Cornelius McAdams, Andrew McIntire, Alex. Roddy, Josh Price, Hugh Laird, Wm. Ferguson, Widow Duglas, Abraham Sanford, Moses Moor, Joseph Gaylie, Charles Mahaufy, Wm. Kerr, Hugh Creanor, William Guilford, Wm. Stuart, Wm. Chadwick.

Freemen in Middleton and Carlisle.-Andrew Holmes, Jon. Kearney, Francis Hamilton, Jon. Donnel, Wm. Wilson, Pat. Loag, Rob. Patterson, Wm. Kinaird, Geo. Crisp, Hugh Laird, Wm. Braidy, Jas. Tait, Pat. Kearney, Arthur Foster, Jas. Pollock, Thos. Elmore, Robt. Mauhiny, Jonathan Hains, William Rainiston, Jas. Gambel, John Woods, David Hains, Henry Hains.

Hopewell Township, 1751.-Robert Gibson, David Heron, Moses Donald, Thomas Donald, Francis Ignue, Daniel M'Donald, John Eliott, Alexander M'Clintock, James M'Farland, Joshua M'Clintock, Hugh Terrance, Hugh Thomson, Josh. Thomson, Josh. Thomson, jr., Robert McDowell, James McDowell, Robert Rusk, John Scrogs, William Walker, William Corhahan, Thomas Gawlt, James Hamilton, John Laughlen, Josh. Gaii, Samuel Williamson, Samuel Smith, David Kidd, John Hodge, Robt. McCombs, Thomas Micky, John Wray, Richard Nicholson, Andrew McIlvain,

George Hamilton, John Thomson, Wm. Gambel, Samuel Montgomery, Robert Simson, John Brown, Allen Nisbit, John Nesbit, jr., John Nesbit, sen., James Wallace, And. Peeble, John Anderson, Patrick Hannah, John Tremble, Moses Stuart, William Reigny, John Moorhead, James Pollock, Samuel Stuart, Robert Robinson, David Newell, James M'Cormick, Charles Murray, Joseph Boggs, John Lysee, Andrew Leckey, John Montgomery, John Beaty, James Walker, William Smyley, James Chambers, Robert Meek, Dr. Wm. M'Gofreck, James Jack, James Quigly, Robert Simonton, John M'Cune, Charles Cumins, Samuel Wier, John M'Cune, jr., Josh. Martin, James Carrahan, Allen Kollogh, James Young, Francis Newell, John Quigly, Robert Stuart, Samuel Montgomery, Daniel Mickey, Andrew Jack, Robert Mickey, Hugh Braidy, Robert Chambers, William Thomson, Edward Leasy, Alexander Scrogg, John Jack, James Laughlin, John Laughlin, jr., Robert Dinney, David Simrel, Samuel Walker, Abraham Walker, James Paxton, James Uxley, Samuel Cellar, W. M'Clean, James Culbertson, James M'Kessan, John Miller, Daniel O'Cain, John Edmonson, Isaac Miller, David M'Gaw, John Reynolds, Francis Camble, William Anderson, Thomas Edmonson, James Dunlop, John Reynold, jr., William Dunlop, Widow Piper, George Cumins, Thomas Finley, Alexander Fairbairn, John Mason, Jas. Dysert, William Gibson, Horace Brattan, John Carothers, Patrick Mullan, James Blair, Peter Walker, John Stevenson, John Aiger, John Ignue. Freemen: John Hanch, Josh. Edmonson, John Callwell, John Richison, skinner, P. Miller.

CHAPTER XXIV.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY REDUCED, ETC.

Present boundary of Cumberland; population; Geology of the county; Different kinds of land, cleared, uncleared, fit for cultivation, &c.; General statistics; Synopsis of the census of 1840; Streams, natural curiosities, &c.; Public improvements of various kinds; Pack horses, and western carriers; their indignation at the first wagoners; Promiscuous notices.

The ample limits of this county, when first established, comprising all of the province west of the Susquehanna, except the territory of York, then embracing Adams, have since been much reduced, by taking the following counties therefrom, viz: Bedford, March 9th, 1771; Northumberland, formed of parts of Lancaster, Cumberland, Berks, Northampton, and Bedford, erected March 21, 1772; Franklin, September 9, 1784; Mifflin, September 19, 1789; and Perry, March 22, 1820-and is now bounded on the north by Perry county, on the east by the Susquehanna river, separating it from Dauphin; south by York and Adams counties; and on the west by Franklin county. Length thirty-four miles, breadth sixteen; area, five hundred and forty-five square miles. Population in 1790, 18,243; in 1800, 25,386; in 1810, 26,757; in 1820 (Perry be separated) 23,606; in 1830, 29,226; in 1840, 30,953; at present (1845) about 33,000. Aggragate amount of property taxable was $9,092,674,00.

The geological feature of this county is not so diversified as that of Dauphin. "The ridges of the south mountain are almost wholly composed of hard white sand stone, and have a meagre rocky soil, mostly covered with timber, which yields fuel for the furnaces and forges in that region. At Pine Grove furnace, on Mountain creek, is a detached bed of limestone, of limited extent, surrounded by the mountain sandstone; and connected with a deposite of brown arquilla

ceous and hematite iron ore, which is productive and has been worked for many years.

"At the northern base of the south mountain commences the great limestone formation of the Kittatinny Valley, which extends northward until it meets the next dark formation of slate, situate between the limestone and Kittatinny mountain.

"Along the northern side of the South mountain, near the contact of the white sand stone with the limestone, iron ore is abundant, and is extensively mined for the supply of furnaces. Further north, and wholly within the limestone formation, pipe ore and other varieties of excellent quality may be obtained in many places.

"The rocks of the Kittatinny mountain are course, grey and reddish sandstones, next in order above the slate, and are not particularly valuable either for their utility or their mineral contents. In the neighborhood of Lisburn, or Yellow Breeches creek, the middle secondary red shales and sand stones pass across from York county, overlapping the limestone to a limited extent. Large beds of the calcareous conglomerate belonging to the upper portion of this formation are visible along the steep banks of the creek; but the material is generally too silicious to be worked and polished as the Potomac marble, with which it is identified in other respects. Some ridges and dikes of trap rock are also apparent in the same neighborhood, connected with the great trappean range in the north of York county. A remarkable trap dike issues from the South mountain near Carlisle Iron works, and extends norhtward through the limestone and slate, forming an abrupt stoney ridge quite across the county to the Blue mountain, east of Sterrett's Gap. This dike is believed to pass through the Blue mountain, being probably the same which is seen near the Susquehanna in Perry county, and again east of the river in Lykens Valley above Millersburg in Dauphin county."

Iron ore is found in various parts of the county. In Allen township, on the farm of Willam R. Gorgas, Esq., is an excellent quality, and supplies in part, D. R. Porter's furnace at Harrisburg. Rising of seven thousand tons have already been taken out here. During 1845, upwards of three thousand tons were mined.