EXPORTS SPECIE, OCTOBER 5TH TO 9TH NOVEMBER, FROM NEW-YORK.

This demand has raised the price over last year, and accelerated the current of silver from the interior, where it finds its way, in the hands of immigrants, to the seaboard, where it is in demand to return to Europe. This silver is displaced by the double process of gold and bank paper in circulation. Thus the receipts from California at the mint, according to the last returns, were about $26,000,000,-which have partly gone into circulation, and partly into bank vaults. The banks have also, according to estimates based on their returns, put in circulation $20,000,000 of notes, making probably together $35,000,000 of gold and paper, which have been added to the circulation of the country. This has partly been absorbed by the increased amount of business done, but has also displaced a considerable amount of silver which is going to Europe. The whole exports of specie from this port have been, since January, $7,790,212, and from Boston about $400,000. Of these sums $6,000,000 have been silver, displaced by the circulation of small bank notes and gold dollars. These specie currents, caused by the operation of banks and gold production, enter into the exchanges, but their effects should not be confounded with the operations of commerce. The importation of gold from California has been large during the month, and every month the inadequacy of the Philadelphia mint becomes more manifest. The coinage has been as follows:

The mint has received nearly $6,000,000 more than it has been able to coin, and this excess is increasing to the heavy damage of national interests. The coinage of silver has been $34,600 during the month, and the export of American halves from this port has been $270,428, or eight times as much as the coinage. The demand for exchange continues fair at rates which would not admit of the export of gold or of American coin; but the prices of foreign silver are now so high in this market as not only to prevent their going to the mint, but to draw them from every hiding-place in the country. There is also a continued export of United States stocks, which assists exchanges.

From abroad the accounts are of a continued demand for produce of almost all descriptions at rising prices, and breadstuffs as well as cotton go forward far more freely than last year. New-Orleans and New-York are the leading points at which concentrate the products of the country for sale and export; and at both these points the bank movement indicates an increase in loans and a decrease in specie, as is seen in the ollowing table:

BANK LOANS AND SPECIE, NEW-ORLEANS AND NEW-YORK.

New-Orleans.

Specie.

September, 1849.... .$7,322,725..

June, 1850...

October, 1850.

Loans.
$8,811,023...

......

..58,674,637

..5,440,242. .9,084,297. . 10,739,957.
..4,547,592.. .9,835,452.......9,056,135.......61,159,071

The general movement all over the commercial world is one of expansion and increase of credits. The supplies of gold from California up to this time have been confirmatory of the reports respecting the inexhaustibility of the mines, and calculations as to the prospective value of annuities and fixed rents already enter into extensive financial operations. A rapid deterioration of the value of gold, as compared with other products of industry, will cause an immense revolution in the value of property, and greatly depreciate the value of existing contracts. Thus the English Government, with its enormous debt-the interest of which, at the present value of gold, represents an over-burdening amount of the products of industry-would find itself relieved of half its burden if all prices rise under the influence of increased supplies of money. A person who now is in the receipt of £1,000 annuity would find his income reduced one-half-that is to say, he could get only half as much for it. All producers of exchangeable values, on the other hand, would find their means largely increased in proportion to their obligations. Half the amount of labor will be required to pay present debts and taxes. These considerations have already produced an upward movement in many enterprises here and in Europe; and the question of a continued and enhanced speculation, such as the world has never before seen, or a revulsion and distress, depends upon the continued product of the California mines.

The crops of all descriptions in the United States promise more than ordinarily well, with the exception of cotton, in relation to which complaints are uniform. That is an article of such indispensable necessity to the very existence of England, as well almost of the commerce of the Atlantic, that its money value must rise in a degree that will more than compensate for diminution of quantity; and the prospect for large sales of farm produce is good. The abundance of breadstuffs and the facilities for transportation are such as to make a range of prices equal to last year of greater profit to the growers; and the prospect from abroad indicates that the English demand will much exceed that of last year from this country. The quantities of breadstuffs taken for consumption in Great Britain were as follows:

It will be observed that in the five last months of the year 1849, about half the whole quantity of flour and wheat was imported, while the bulk of Indian corn was imported in the first months of the year. This arises from the fact that when the potatoes in Ireland first come in, they are eaten in preference to corn; but when they begin to give out, corn is substituted. In the case of wheat, the English farmers hold back their supplies where they are able, and the continental ports crowd in supplies before the closing of the ports. Last year was one of good crops in England and Ireland, as well as in western Europe, and prices ruled very low in France and other countries whence England drew her supplies. The United States were, nevertheless, enabled to supply a considerable portion of flour and wheat. This year, for the first seven months, rather more breadstuff was entered for consumption than was imported, reducing stocks; and the new crops, both in Great Britain and western Europe, are short. In Ireland 163 returns from 90 districts have been made, and result in showing that the quantity of land planted with potatoes this year is double that of last; but the prevalence of the rot has cut off one-half, thus leaving about the same quantity of food. The wheat crop is three-fifths of an average only. One-half the land planted with potatoes, thus lost, yielded last year much other food. In England the wheat crop, although of good quality, is short in quantity; and throughout the north of Europe the same fact is admitted, while the coarser grains of Europe are short. In France, which has always been a great wheat-consuming country, political troubles and high taxes have compelled people to eat a lower class of food; and while the high prices of 1847 stimulated greater production of wheat, less has been consumed, and the quantity sent to England has been the greater. This year some reaction has taken place, and France cannot spare so much. Odessa is a chief source of supplies, and the exports thence for several years have been as follows, in chetverts of six bushels each:

Thus, while the aggregate export has been less, the removal of the English duties has caused larger quantities to go directly thither. The largest receipts of wheat into England were-from France, 452,488 quarters; Prussia, 616,984 quarters; Odessa, 551,378 quarters; from the United States, 108,742 quarters wheat, and 1,779,362 cwt. of flour-equal to 556,000 quarters. Consequently the United States supplied 664,000 qrs., or more than any other nation, in a year when prices were the lowest! This year our ability to supply is greater, and that of all other nations less. A rise of some 4s. per quarter is looked for in England. In this view our farmers have a prosperous year before them, and our merchants and manufacturers have a firm foundation for the debits in their favor. When we consider the commanding position we have attained, and contemplate the fact, that there are a set of men who wish by legal enactments to crush our intercourse with foreign nations, we can scarcely believe in the existence of such folly. The revenues of the Federal Government have partaken of the prosperity which marks commercial affairs generally The amount of customs for the

quarter ending September 30th-being the first quarter of the fiscal year 1851— has been larger than ever before, and is nearly $10,000,000 in excess of the ordinary expenditure. For four years the quarter's revenue has been as follows:

FEDERAL REVENUES-QUARTERS ENDING SEPTEMBER 30TH.

The customs revenue of the quarter has been nearly at the rate of $60,000,000 per annum, forming an enormous tax upon the farming and industrial interestnot so much in the mere amount paid as in the obstruction the mode of levying offers to the interchange and sale of the products of labor. It is also an immense tax upon manufactures and commerce. Thus the operations of the assistant treasury in New-York have been for four months, as follows:

RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS AT NEW-YORK ASSISTANT TREASURY.

The amount of money thus retained in the treasury by means of these high customs duties averages $5,500,000 through the busy season, but without affecting the money market; because the activity of specie thus created preserves a general healthy tone. Nevertheless, it is a considerable cash sum withdrawn from the service of commerce, and amounts at legal interest to a tax of $385,000 per annum upon the cash capital of New-York employed in commerce. Where this money is advanced on account of foreign consignments, it is a source of profit, inasmuch as interests and commissions are charged the consignor; but where it is advanced by importers of small means on their own account, it is a severe tax. The large exports of the farm produce of the country, probable for the coming year, will return in the shape of dutiable goods at probably higher prices than they have borne during the past year; consequently under the ad valorem system the same quantity will bear a higher tax. The prices of goods will be higher in consequence of the rise in raw materials, and the active demand for consumption.

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

SPLENDID HOLYDAY BOOKS-At the approaching season, when the amiable custom of exchanging memorials of friendship and esteem is generally observed, there is no more desirable or appropriate article for presents than the illustrations of modern art combines in the shape of books of good character. By these means the creations of the mind are conveyed for the amusement or instruction of the reader through the combined action of the fine arts, and unlike toys or jewels, they continue a permanent source of enjoyment to the possessor. In this country, perhaps, more than in any other, are books made the tokens of friendship, and the beauty and cheapness of the holyday publications can scarcely be surpassed. Among the most judiciously selected and elegantly executed of these works, are those of Messrs. E. H. Butler & Co., of Philadelphia, as follows: PROVERBIAL PHILOSOPHY: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments. Originally Treated: By Martin Farquhar Tupper, Esq. D.C.L., F.R.S.

This admirable work of Mr. Tupper has acquired an enviable reputation, and is become an indispensable portion of every well selected library. It is produced in three styles, by Messrs. Butler & Co. An elegantly bound small quarto, large type, splendidly illustrated with sixteen characteristic illustrations, as Memory, Subjection, Pride, &c., &c. A new 32mo.; brevier type; with a portrait, and view of Albury, the author's residence. Elegantly bound in Turkey morocco, arabesque, and muslin, richly gilt. Also, a new duodecimo edition. With an Essay on the Philosophy of Proverbs, and additional notes. Splendidly illustrated with twelve characteristic illustrations. Each and all of these editions are exceedingly attractive in appearance, and the style in which the engravings, being mezzotints, are executed, is highly creditable to the artist.

THE FEMALE POETS OF AMERICA; With Portraits, Biographical Notices, and Specimens of their Writings. By Thomas Buchanan Read. Fourth edition, with additions and alterations. E. H. Butler & Co., Philadelphia.

This elegantly bound imperial octavo is in the richest style of art, and embellished with ten portraits and three splendid illuminations. It comprises sketches of 79 Female Poets of America, with selected specimens of their writings. Several volumes purporting to be sketches of the Poetesses of America have appeared, but it would seem that the present one has the peculiar merit of being reliable authority in relation to the information it imparts. Personal acquaintance with many of these daughters of genius, enable us to verify as well the portraits as the notices. The whole forms a most admirable and beautifullwork of reference for all who would-and who would not? become as it were personally acquainted with the most brilliant of their fair country women. The selections are by no means those which best illustrate the powers of the fair authors, inasmuch as many of such pieces are too voluminous to bring within the compass of the volume. Mr. Read seems to have discharged his trust, however, with ability and impartiality.

THE CHRISTMAS TRIBUTE AND NEW YEAR'S GIFT. A Souvenir for 1851. By Uncle Thomas. Embellished with nine splendid engravings, by Sartain. E. H. Butler & Co. The sayings and doings of Uncle Thomas have, in a long series of successful holyday publications, become quite popular with expectant youth. The descriptions of sports, with beautiful steel illustrations, are well calculated to prove attractive in seasons of enjoyment.