yet is respectively false; for the holy is only in good and truth, which is from the Lord in love to him and in love towards the neighbor, and thence in faith, thus in none but in living [subjects], that is, in men who receive those things from the Lord. Again, if it be told them that the Christian church is one with the church which was instituted among them, but that it is internal, whereas this was external, so that when the church instituted with them is divested of its externals and stripped naked, the Christian church appears, this they do not acknowledge any otherwise than as a whore, that is, as false; nevertheless some of them, who are converted from Judaism to Christianity, conjoin themselves with that truth, but also from such a lust. Such things in the Word are frequently called whoredoms. But in regard to those, who are signified in the Word by Babel, they have like views of the internal truths of the church, but inasmuch as they are acquainted with internal things, and also in childhood acknowledge them, yet in adult age deny, they are described in the Word by filthy adulteries and heinous copulations, for they are profanations.-A. C. 4868.

Cause of the Hatred, Barbarity, and Cruelty of the Jews.

well disposed; not considering that election is universal, namely, of all who live in good, and that the mercy of the Lord is towards every man who abstains from evil, and is willing to live in good, and thus who suffers himself to be led of the Lord, and to be regenerated, which is effected by the continuation of his life. Hence also it is, that most persons in the Christian world believe also, that that nation will be again elected, and then will be brought back into the land of Canaan, and this also according to the sense of the letter. A. C. 7051.

510. That the sons of Israel are called the people of Jehovah, was not because they were better than other nations, but because they represented the people of Jehovah, that is, those who are of the Lord's spiritual kingdom: that they were not better than other nations, is evident from their life in the wilderness, in that they did not believe at all in Jehovah, but in heart believed in the gods of the Egyptians; as is manifest from the golden calf which they made to themselves, and which they called their gods, who brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, Exod. xxxii. 8; it is evident also from their life afterwards in the land of Canaan, treated of in the historicals of the Word; also from what was said of them in the propheti508. That the Jewish nation was in the external cals of the Word, and, lastly, by the Lord: hence without an internal, and therefore believed truth to also it is, that few of them are in heaven, for they be false, and the reverse, is evident from their doc- have received a lot in the other life according to trinal, that it was allowable to hate an adversary, their life: be not therefore willing to believe, that and also from their life, that they hated all who they were elected for heaven before others; for were not of their religious [principle]; yea, that they who believe so, do not believe that every they believed they were doing what was well one's life remains with him after death; neither pleasing to Jehovah and were serving Him, when do they believe that man is to be prepared for they treated the nations with barbarity and cruelty, heaven during his whole life in the world, and that by exposing their bodies, when they were slain, to this is effected of the Lord's mercy, and not that be devoured by wild beasts and birds, by cutting they are admitted into heaven from mercy alone, them alive with saws, wounding them with spikes without any regard to the manner in which they and axes of iron, and making them pass through have lived: such an opinion concerning heaven the brick-kiln, 2 Sam. xii. 31; yea, it was also and concerning the Lord's mercy is induced by according to their doctrinals, to treat a companion the doctrine respecting faith alone, and respecting nearly in a like manner, who for any cause was a declared enemy: hence it may plainly enough appear, that there was nothing of the internal in their religious [principle]; if any one then had said to them, that such things were against the internal of the church, they would have replied that this was false. That they were merely in external, and were altogether ignorant what the internal is, and led a life contrary to the internal, is also evident from what the Lord teaches in Matthew, chap. v. 21–48.—A. C. 4903.

Reasons why it is believed that the Jews were chosen above others for their Goodness.

509. They who know nothing concerning the internal sense of the Word, cannot believe other wise than that the Israelitish and Jewish nation was elected above every other nation, and hence was more excellent than every other, as also they themselves believed: and what is wonderful, this is not only believed by that nation itself, but also by Christians, notwithstanding these latter know, that that nation is in filthy loves, in sordid avarice, in hatred, and in self-conceit; and besides that they make light of, and even hold in aversion, the internal things which are of charity and faith, and which are of the Lord. The reason why Christians also believe that that nation was elected above others, is, because they believe that the election and salvation of man is from mercy, without regard to man's life, and thus that the wicked can be received into heaven alike with the pious and the

salvation by faith alone without good works; for
the maintainers of this doctrine have no concern
about the life; hence also they believe that evils
can be wiped away like filth by water, and thus
that man can be transmitted instantaneously into
the life of good, consequently be admitted into
heaven; not knowing that if the life of evil was
taken away from the evil, they would have nothing
of life at all; also that if they who are in the life
of evil, were to be admitted into heaven, they
would feel hell in themselves, and this more griev-
ous, the more interiorly they were admitted into
heaven. From these considerations now it may
be manifest, that the Israelites and Jews were not
all elected, but only accepted to represent those
things which are of heaven; and that there was
an expediency that this should be done in the land
of Canaan, because the church of the Lord had
been there from the most ancient times, and hence
all the places there were made representative of
celestial and divine things: thus also the Word
could be written, wherein names might signify
such things as are of the Lord and of his king-
dom. - A. C. 7439.

The Jews were urgent to be a Church from the
Love of Pre-eminence.

ses, Go up hence, thou and the people, whom thou | Lord Himself, as likewise by Moses, Aaron, and hast caused to go up out of the land of Egypt, David. —A. C. 10,396.

into the land which I have sworn to Abraham,

served.

514. Inasmuch as the tribe of Judah was of this character more than the other tribes, and at this day, as formerly, account the rituals holy, which may be observed out of Jerusalem, and also have a holy veneration for their fathers, and a particular reverence for the Word of the Old Testament, and inasmuch as it was foreseen that Christians would almost reject that Word, and would likewise defile its internal things with things profane, therefore that nation has been hitherto preserved, according to the Lord's words in Matthew, chap. xxiv. 34; it would have been otherwise if Christians, as they were acquainted with things internal, had also lived internal men; in this case that nation, like other nations, would before many ages have been cut off. A. C. 3479.

The Error that the Jews are again to be chosen.

Isaac, and Jacob, saying, To thy seed will I give Why the Jews have been to this day preit. I will not go up in the midst of thee, because thou art a stiff-necked people; lest I consume thee in the way. When the people heard this evil word, they mourned, and they laid aside every one his ornament from upon him; and Moses took the tent, and stretched it for himself without the camp, by removing far from the camp; and Moses said to Jehovah, See, Thou sayest unto me, Cause this people to go up, when Thou hast not made known to me whom Thou wilt send with me; now, therefore, I pray, if I have found grace in thine eyes, make known to me, I pray, thy way, that I may know concerning Thee, that I have found grace in thine eyes; see also that this nation is thy people. He said therefore, My faces shall go until I shall give thee rest," Exod. xxxiii. It is here said that Moses caused the people to go up out of the land of Egypt; also afterwards, that they laid aside their ornament, and mourned, and that Moses stretched his tent without the camp, and that so Jehovah assented; thus manifestly that they themselves were urgent. Again: "Jehovah said unto Moses, How far will this people anger Me? and how far will they not believe in Me, on account of all the signs which I have done in the midst of them? I will smite them with pestilence, and will extinguish them, and will make thee into a nation greater and stronger than them. But Moses supplicated, and Jehovah, being entreated, said, I will be propitious according to thy word; nevertheless I live, and the whole earth shall be filled with the glory of Jehovah. For as to all the men who have seen my glory, and my signs, which I have done in Egypt, and in the wilderness, yet have tempted Me these ten times, neither have obeyed my voice, if they shall see the land which I have sworn unto their fathers, all that have angered Me shall not see it; in this wilderness shall their bodies fall together; but their children I will bring in," Numb. xiv. From this passage also it is evident, that Jehovah willed to extinguish them, consequently not to establish church amongst them, but that they were urgent, and therefore it was done. A. C. 4290.

512. They were urgent that a church might be instituted among them, but this for no other end than to be distinguished above all nations in the universal globe, for they were in self love more than them, and they could not be lifted to eminence over them by any thing else, than by Jehovah being amongst them, thus also by the church being amongst them, for where Jehovah is, that is the Lord, there the church is. That this was the end, is manifest from several passages in the Word, as also from these words in this chapter: "Moses said, Wherein shall it be made known at any time, that I have found favor in thine eyes, I and thy people? Is it not in thy going with us, and our being rendered excellent, I and thy people, above every people which is on the faces of the ground?" verse 16. A. C. 10,535.

Why the Jews are called in the Word a holy
People.

513. The reason why that people is called in the Word the people of Jehovah, the chosen and beloved nation, is, because by Judah is there meant the celestial church, by Israel the spiritual church, and by all the sons of Jacob something of the church; also by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the

515. The temper of that nation is such, that above all other nations they adore things external, thus idols, and are altogether unwilling to know any thing about things internal; for they are the most avaricious of all nations, and avarice, such as theirs, with whom gold and silver is loved for the sake of gold and silver, and not for the sake of any use, is an affection the most earthly, and which draws down the mind altogether into the body and immerses it therein, and closes the interiors to such a degree, that it is impossible for any thing of faith and love from heaven to enter. Hence it is evident how much they are mistaken, who believe that that nation will be again chosen, or that the church of the Lord will again pass to them, the rest being rejected; when yet it would be an easier matter to convert stones than them to faith in the Lord. It is believed that the church will again pass to them, because in the propheticals of the Word, it is said in many passages that they are to return: but it is not known that by Judah, in those passages, by Jacob, and by Israel, is not meant that nation, but those with whom the church is. A. C. 8301.

516. Again, in Jeremiah: "Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast. Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah. But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; after those days, saith Jehovah, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts, and will be their God, and they shall be my people," xxxi. 27, 31, 33. By the days here spoken of as to come, and in which these things should take place, is evidently meant the coming of the Lord; wherefore it is not meant that a new covenant would then be made with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, but with a new church about to be established by the Lord, which is meant by the house of Israel, and by the house of Judah, in whose inward parts the law was to be put, and in whose hearts it was to be written. That this did not take place with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah, it is well known, for they entirely rejected all covenant with the Lord, in like manner as they do at this day. Covenant signifies conjunction with the Lord by love

in many passages in the prophetic Word where the captivity of the children of Israel and Judah, and the bringing them back into their land are treated of. They also are here understood who were to be introduced from the earth into the church, and thence into heaven, after the coming of the Lord, not only where the Christian religion is received, but also every where else.

to him, from which conjunction the law or divine truth is put in them, both in doctrine and life, which is the law put in their inward parts, and written in their hearts. To sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast, signifies to reform those who are of the new church, by the truths and goods pertaining to intelligence and affection; seed denoting truth, man intelligence, and beast 517. The two following passages may be sethe good of affection: that beast has this signifi- lected as examples of those from which the Jews cation, will be shown in what follows. Again, in persuade themselves, and from which also ChrisZechariah: "Yea, many people and strong na- tians believe, that the Jewish nation will return to tions shall come to seek Jehovah of hosts in Jeru- the land of Canaan, and be saved in a special salem, and to pray before Jehovah. Thus saith manner. Thus, in Isaiah: "And they shall bring Jehovah of hosts; in those days it shall come to all your brethren for an offering unto Jehovah, out pass, that ten men shall take hold out of all lan- of all nations, upon horses, and in chariots, and in guages of the nations, even shall take hold of the litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith Jehovah, as the with you; for we have heard that God is with you," children of Israel bring an offering in a clean viii. 22, 23. They who do not know that by a Jew vessel into the house of Jehovah. For as the new is understood those who are principled in love to heavens and the new earth which I will make, the Lord, and thence in truths of doctrine, may shall remain before me, saith Jehovah, so shall easily be induced to believe that these things are your seed and your name remain," lxvi. 20, 22. said concerning the Jews, and their introduction By the new heaven and new earth are understood into the land of Canaan, and that all others who the heaven and the church to be formed of those desire to be saved shall then take hold of the who should be saved by the Lord, after the glorifiskirt of their raiment, praying that they may be cation of his humanity. The other passage is permitted to accompany them; but when it is found in the same prophet: "Thus saith the Lord known that these things are not said concerning Jehovah, Behold, I will lift up my hand to the any introduction into the land of Canaan and to Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people : Jerusalem there, and that by a Jew are not under- and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and stood those who are of that nation, but that by thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. Jerusalem is understood the new church to be es- And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their tablished by the Lord, and by a Jew, every one queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down who is principled in the good of love to the Lord, to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick and by the skirt of a Jew, truth derived from that up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that good, then it may be apprehended what all the cir- I am Jehovah; for they shall not be ashamed that cumstances related in that chapter signify, and wait for me," xlix. 22, 23. Throughout the whole these words in particular; for the subjects there of this chapter the coming of the Lord is treated treated of are the calling together and the acces- of, and also the salvation of those who receive sion of the Gentiles to the church, and by a Jew him, as is evident from verses 6-9; consequently are understood those who acknowledge the Lord it is not the salvation of the Jews which is there and love Him, and by taking hold of his skirt is treated of, much less their restoration to the land signified the desire of knowing truth from him, of Canaan. That the Jewish nation is not underand by ten men out of all the languages of the stood in the passages here adduced, may also apnations are understood all of whatever religion, pear from this circumstance, that it was the worst ten men signifying all, and the languages of na- of all nations, and idolatrous in heart; and that tions, their religious principles. From these con- they were not introduced into the land of Canaan, siderations it is evident, how far they wander on account of any goodness and uprightness of from the truth who believe that at the end of heart, but on account of the promise made to their time the Jews will be converted to the Lord, and fathers, likewise that there were no truths and introduced into the land of Canaan. These goods of the church with them, but only falsities are the same persons who believe that by land, and evils, and that they were therefore rejected by Jerusalem, by Israel, and by Judah, in the and expelled from the land of Canaan; as is eviWord, are meant the land of Canaan, the city dent from all those passages in the Word, in which of Jerusalem, the Israelitish people, and the Jew-that nation is described. A. E. 433.

ish nation: but they who have hitherto so believed

they would perish.

are to be excused, because they knew nothing of If the Internal were opened among the Jews the spiritual sense of the Word, and were therefore ignorant that by the land of Canaan is signi- 518. That that nation would perish, if the Dified the church; by Jerusalem, the same as to vine should flow in with them, is evident. The doctrine; by Israel, those who are of the spiritual case herein is this: they who are in things external church; and by Judah, those who are of the ce- without an internal, thus in the loves of self and lestial church; likewise that where the introduc- of the world, are absolutely incapable of receiving tion of Judah and Israel into the land of Canaan, any thing divine; wherefore the internal with is treated of by the prophets, the introduction of them is kept closed: if the internal were opened the faithful into heaven and the church is under- with them, and the Divine flowed in, they would stood. This introduction took place, when the altogether perish; for their life is derived from Lord came into the world, for then all those who the loves of self and of the world, and there is a had lived in the good of charity, and worshipped perpetual opposition and contrariety between those God under a human form, and were reserved under loves and heavenly loves, and heavenly loves are heaven until the coming of the Lord, were intro- the Divine; wherefore from the influx of the Diduced into heaven after the Lord had glorified his vine their life would be extinguished. — A. C. humanity. These are they who are understood 10,533.

Why the Jews were permitted to destroy

other Nations.

519. That the Israelites and Jews destroyed the nations of the land of Canaan, was because the former represented spiritual and celestial things, and the nations represented infernal and diabolical things, which latter things can in no case be together with the former, for they are opposites. The reason why it was permitted them to destroy the nations was, because with them [the Israelites and Jews] there was not a church, but only the representative of a church, thus neither was the Lord present with them except only representatively; for they were in externals without an internal, that is, in worship representative of good and truth, but not in good and truth. To persons of such a character it is permitted to destroy, to kill, to give to slaughter and to the curse; but it is not permitted to those who are in externals and at the same time in internals, inasmuch as these must act from good, and good is from the Lord. That the Jews and Israelites were of such a character, Moses declares openly: "Say not in thine heart, when Jehovah thy God shall have driven the nations before thee, saying, on account of my justice Jehovah hath brought me to possess this land; not on account of thy justice and the rectitude of thy heart, because thou art a people stiff-necked," Deut. ix. 4, 5, 6. — A. C'. 9320.

Wars, in the Word.

The

spiritual wars, inasmuch as there is nothing said in the Word which is not inwardly spiritual, for the Word is divine, and what proceeds from the Divine is spiritual, and is terminated in what is natural. That the ancients also had a Word both prophetical and historical, which is now lost, appears in Moses, Numb. xxi., where the prophetical parts thereof are mentioned, which are there called Enunciations, and the historical parts also, which are called the Wars of Jehovah, verses 14 and 27; those historics are called the wars of Jehovah, because thereby are signified the wars of the Lord with the hells, as is the case also with the wars in the histories of our Word. Hence now it is that enemies, adversaries, opposers, persecutors, insurgents, and moreover all arms of war, as the spear, the buckler, the shield, the sword, the bow, arrows, the chariot, and others mentioned in the Word, signify such things as appertain to combat and defence against the hells. Thus again in Moses: "When thou goest out to war against the enemy, and seest the horse and the chariot, many people more than thou, thou shalt not be afraid of them, because Jehovah thy God is with thee. priest shall say to them, when they draw near to the battle, Ye approach this day to the battle against your enemies, let not your heart soften, neither fear ye, neither tremble, nor be dismayed before them, for Jehovah, your God, goeth with you, to fight for you with your enemies, and to keep you," Deut. xx. 1, 2, 3, 4. He who does not 520. Forasmuch as Jehovah, that is, the Lord, know that there is a spiritual sense in every part defends man from the hells, that is, from the evils of the Word may suppose that nothing of a more and falses which thence continually arise, there- interior nature is here understood than what apfore He is called Jehovah Zebaoth, that is, Jeho- pears in the letter; howbeit, by war, as well in vah of armies, and by armies are signified the this as other passages, is signified spiritual war, truths and goods of heaven, and thence of the and hence by horse, chariot, and much people, are church, in every complex, whereby the Lord re-signified the falses of religion in which they conmoves the hells in general, and with every one in fide, and from which they fight against the truths particular; hence it is that it is attributed to Jeho- of the church; by horse, are signified the falses vah, that He fights and maintains warfare as a of the understanding and reasonings thence dehero and man of war in battles, as may appear rived, by chariot, falses of doctrine, and by much from the following passages: thus in Isaiah: "Je-people, falses in general; whether we say falses, hovah Zebaoth descendeth to fight upon Mount or those who are principled in falses, it amounts to Zion, and upon the hill thereof," xxx. 4: and in Zechariah: "Jehovah shall go forth and fight against the nations, according to the day of His fighting in the day of battle," xiv. 3: and in Isaiah: "Jehovah shall go forth as a hero, as a man of war He shall stir up zeal, He shall prevail over His enemies," xlii. 13: and in Moses: "The war of Jehovah against Amalek from generation to generation," Exod. xvii. 16. These things are said, because by Amalek are signified those falses of evil which continually infest the truths and goods of the church. Moreover by wars, in the historical parts of the Word, as well those which 521. When therefore the Israelitish nation were are related in the books of Moses, as those in the in external things without internal, and yet somebooks of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and the Kings, thing of a church was to be instituted among are also signified spiritual wars; as the wars them, it was on this account provided by the Lord, against the Assyrians, Syrians, Egyptians, Philis- that still communication with heaven might be eftines, and, in the beginning, against the idolatrous fected by representatives, which were the external nations in the land of Canaan beyond and on this things of worship with that nation; but this comside Jordan; but what they signify in particular munication was miraculously effected. But two can only be known from a particular knowledge of things were requisite that this might be effected; the quality of evil and the false signified by the first, that the internal with them should be altoAssyrians, the Babylonians, the Chaldeans, also by gether closed up; and secondly, that they might the Egyptians, Syrians, Philistines, and the rest: be in a holy external when in worship: for when for all the people and nations who waged war with the internal is altogether closed up, then the inthe sons of Israel, represented the hells, which ternal of the church and of worship is neither dewere desirous to offer violence to the church rep- nied nor acknowledged, being as it were none; resented by the sons of Israel: nevertheless the and in this case a holy external may be given and wars actually took place as they are described, also be elevated, because nothing opposes and but still they represented, and thence signified, hinders. On this account also that nation was in

the same: that they shall not be afraid of them, nor tremble, because they are in the truths of the church from the Lord, and because the Lord is in these truths with man, and so from them fights for man against the hells, which are understood by enemies in the spiritual sense, therefore it is said, because Jehovah God is with you, and goeth with you to fight for you with your enemies, and to keep you. A. E. 734. See also 1277.

Why, after the Lord's Coming, the Jews were

rejected from the Land of Canaan.