viva voce this year or previously by the the first election of membership by founders-i. e. since 1732.

The senior of three old ex-members-viz. Hall, Donnaldson, and Wharton-living on the 4th of July, 1830, in or near Philadelphia.

This admission made the full complement of twenty-five members this century.

66

có có có

6.

6.

167. Thomas P. Roberts, Oct. 6. 168. Casper W. Morris, 169. James L. Cuthbert, 1814. 170. Samuel N. Lewis, Oct. 5. 1816. 171. Anthony M. Buckley, Oct. 2. 172. William Milnor, Jr., "2. 1817. 173. Richard Willing, Jr., Oct. 1. 174. Josiah Starkey, "1. 1818. 175. Charles Watson, Oct. 7. 1819. 176. William E. Howell, Oct. 4.

177. William Lippincott, " 4. 1822. 178. Samuel N. Gray, March 30. 179. William Strickland, Oct. 2. 180. John Swift, 181. Cornelius Stevenson, 182. William H. Hart, 183. John S. Phillips,

2.

2.

2. 66 2.

1823. 184. Samuel P. Wetherill, Oct. 1.

185. Benjamin S. Bonsall,
186. William A. Peddle,

"1.

1.

66

1844. 221. Samuel F. Fisher, Oct. 2.
1845. 222. William W. Fisher, Mar. 28.
223. Samuel B. Thomas, 28.
1846. 224. Thomas H. Craige, Dec. 30.
225. James Tams,
30.
1847. 226. William T. Lowber, Oct. 12.
1848. 227. J. Ringgold Wilmer, Mar. 30.
228. Frederick S. Pepper,
30.
1850. 229. Henry Carson, Feb. 4.
1851. 230. Daniel Smith, Jr., Jan. 8.
1854. 231. Harry C. Hart, Mar. 30.
1856. 232. Charles Harmar, Mar. 28.
1857. 233. Alexander E. Harvey, Oct.12.
1858. 234. George Cuthbert, Apr. 15.
235. Samuel I. Christian, "
15.
1859. 236. William Camac, Mar. 24.

1824. 187. William V. Anderson, " 16. 1861. 241. R. Rundle Smith, Oct. 1.

245. Josiah W. Harmar, Oct. 5. 246. Galloway C. Morris, 5. 247. M. E. Rogers, 1865. 248. John A. Brown, Jr., Apr. 5. 1866. 249. Joseph T. Thomas, Mar. 28. 250. Edward Wharton, Oct. 2. 1867. 251. Frederick Klett, Mar. 26.

252. Edwin L. Reakirt, Oct. 15. 1868. 253. T. Somers Smith, May 6. 1869. 254. Fred'k W. Fotterall, Mar. 25. 1870. 255. Morris Hacker, Mar. 25. 256. Chas. S. Pancoast, 25. 257. John P. Bankson, 25.

Mount Regale Fishing Company.-This company was composed of wealthy and fashionable gentlemen, the leaders of society in that day, as may be seen from the names of Shippen, Chew, Hamilton, Francis, McCall, Lawrence, Swift, Tilghman, Allen, Hopkinson, Willing, Morris, Nixon, and others. They met at Robinson's Tavern, at the Falls of Schuylkill, every other Thurs

day from June to October. Of course the name of the company indicates they met more to have a good time than for any love of Izaak Walton's art.

Whitpain's Great House, p. 428.-July 26, 1701, "Ordered, that for the next session of the Assembly the great front room in Whitpain's house, now in the tenure of Joseph Shippen, be prepared and put in order, and that the said Joseph Shippen be allowed for it by the government." (Col. Recs., vol. ii. 26.)

The custom-house occupied the stores built, it is believed, on the site of this "great house" by John Ross; it was so occupied in 1800 and earlier, George Latimer being then collector and John Graeff deputy collector. As in April 1, 1802, the custom-house was in Carpenters' Hall, it was probably removed there then from the first building, and continued there, with the exception of a few months in 1811, to January 1, 1817, about fourteen years three months and nineteen days.

Offley's Forge, p. 430.-Previous to this there was established in 1747, at the north-west corner of Eighth and Walnut streets, Stephen Paschall's steel-furnace, where blistered steel was made. Another steel-furnace in the city was owned by William Branson. John Hall had a plating tilt-hammer forge at Byberry.

But England was even at this early day pursuing her jealous policy of discouraging manufacturing except in her own establishments. She therefore in 1749 passed "an act to encourage the importation of pig and bar iron from His Majesty's colonies in America, and to prevent the erection of any mill or other engine for slitting or rolling iron, or any plating-forge to work with a tilt-hammer, or any furnace for making steel in any of said colonies." Those in operation previous to June 24th, 1750, were excepted from the prohibition.

This feeling was strongly carried out in a work entitled Gee on Trade, published in London in 1750, which declared “manufacturing in our American colonies should be discouraged and prohibited. . . . . Any such attempts should be crushed in the beginning. . . . It is proposed that no weaver have liberty to set up any looms without first registering at an office kept for the purpose. That all slitting-mills and engines for drawing wire or weaving stockings be put down. That all negroes be prohibited from weaving either linen or woollen, or spinning or combing wool, or working at any manufacture of iron, further than making it into pig or bar iron. That they also be prohibited from manufacturing hats, stockings, or leather of any kind."

Bachelors' Hall, p. 432.-This building was not used only as a festive place, but in the grounds surrounding was started a botanic garden, most probably the first in America, and before that of John Bartram below Gray's Ferry, though he might have been interested in this garden. This place was thoroughly described in a long poem by George Webbe in 1729. Rev. John

Murray (the well-known preacher of universal salvation) in his Autobiography, gives an account of a visit to Philadelphia in 1770, In referring to the opposition to Universalism a century ago, he says (page 227): "The combined efforts of the clergy in Philadelphia barred against me the door of every house of public worship in the city. Bachelors' Hall was in Kensington, but at Bachelors' Hall the people attended, and a few were enabled to believe the good word of their God." The street now called Beach street, then nearest the Delaware and north of Gunner's Run, was formerly called Hall street; and we conjecture that Bachelors' Hall was situated on the square now bounded south by Poplar street, north by Shackamaxon street, east by Beach street, and west by Allen street.

FOURTH AND MARKET STREETS.

The Duck-Pond, p. 433.-Some years since, a sewer being rendered necessary, owing to water accumulating at this point, it was dug under the market-house (then standing) down to the Delaware. It was tunnelled, the workmen being at work entirely under ground day and night, the business of the market going on as usual, without any suspension on account of the operations all the time below.

The Origin of the above-named Sewer, p. 434.-John Sharp, who in 1852 was building in Fourth street on the site of the old Indian Queen Hotel, told my father that the route of Dock Creek was distinctly traceable in the rear of his buildings, and that Peter Thompson, his conveyancer, who died several years before this, saw a young woman drowned in a boat loaded with pumpkins in the creek at the end of the market-house on Franklin court, back of his buildings. This market-house-or what tradition says was one-was standing in 1852 in the rear of the old Indian Queen Tavern, and was soon after that pulled down. It was a long building, with a cupola upon it. An old man aged eighty-nine has told him (John Sharp) that he has attended market there in his day, and another person confirms it. William J. Duane, who formerly lived in Brock's house, near Market and Fourth streets, and a relative of Dr. Franklin's, said it was always in his recollection considered a market-house. Dr. Franklin's garden was in the rear of the Indian Queen.

This question, of its having been a market-house, was revived, and the fact flatly denied by the Evening Bulletin and Sunday Dispatch of April, 1857, but no facts are adduced to contradict the tradition. (See ante, p. 182, note to Vol. I. p. 363.)

When the long range, p. 435.-Daniel Suter was an old German grocer who then lived opposite to this "long range," which was afterward the property of William Chancellor, at the north

west corner of Fourth and High. Mrs. Yohe kept a hotel north of the "range." She afterward purchased the property forming a part of "Jones's Hotel" on Chestnut street above Sixth, and which was the site of O'Eller's hotel till it was burned down with Pritchett's circus, next below O'Eller's. Above Mrs. Yohe's, in Fourth street, lived Pierrie, a barber, who used to shave General Washington, and who boasted that he had often taken the general by the nose. He had preserved some of the general's hair, and distributed it to his friends and customers. He promised my father some, but he never got it. Mrs. Spencer, a relative of the Sergeant family, kept an excellent and genteel boarding-house in a dwelling that then stood north of the "range." George Sheaff then kept a wine-store at the north-east corner.

PEGG'S RUN.

P. 436.-Pegg's Run, formerly the Cohoquinoque, was the site of the present Willow street. The reason why so many leatherdressers are located on it, and near it, is, that before Pegg's Run was culverted tanners and leather-dressers sought that neighborhood in order to discharge their dyes and other liquids into the creek; and subsequently, when the culvert was built, they obtained entrances into it. In consequence of this advantage the ground in that neighborhood was sought by leather-dressers; and when a fashion in some lines of business is established, it is very hard to break it. The same thing exists in New York, where in old times the leather-dressers collected in the neighborhood of what is called "the Swamp," the lower part of the city on the East River; and to this day the establishments of that trade are centred there, the neighborhood still being called by old New Yorkers "the Swamp," although no swamp is visible.

Willow street (formerly Pegg's Run) was opened by order of the Court of Quarter Sessions by proceedings which commenced in June, 1828, and by which there was an assessment for damages, which was confirmed in September, 1829. The surface of Willow street is sustained by a culvert, which was built over the course of the stream called by the Indians "Cohoquinoque," and is in modern times known as Pegg's Run. It empties into the Delaware at Willow street wharf.