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tions, to certain persons therein mentioned, and to enlarge and define penalties for violating the rights of patentees;" and "An act for the relief of Oliver Evans," the said Oliver's petition to the secretary of state, for a patent," and the patent thereupon grant

α TO JAMES MADISON, ESQ. SECRETARY OF STATE:

The Petition of Oliver Evans, of the city of Philadelphia, citizen of the United States, respectfully showeth,

That your petitioner having discovered certain useful im-»' provements, applicable to various purposes, but particularly to the art of manufacturing flour and meal, prays a patent for the same, agreeably to the act of congress, entitled, "an Act for the relief of Oliver Evans."

The principles of these improvements consist,

1. In the subdivision of the grain, or any granulated or pulverized substance; in elevating and conveying them from place to place in small separate parcels; in spreading, stirring, turning and gathering them by regular and constant motion, se as to subject them to artificial heat, the full action of the air to cool and dry the same when necessary, to avoid danger from fermentation, and to prevent insects from depositing their eggs during the operation of the manufacture.

2. In the application of the power which moves the mill, or other principal machine, to work any machinery which may be used to apply the said principles, or to perform the said operations by constant motion and continued rotation, to save expense and labour.

The machinery by him already invented, and used for applying the above principles, consists of an improved elevator, an improved conveyor, an improved hopperboy, an improved drill, and an improved kiln-drier. For a particular explanation of the principles, and a description and application of the machines which he has so invented and discovered, he refers to the specifications and drawings hereunto annexed; and he is

ed to the said Oliver, dated the twenty-second day of January, in the year 1808; and further gave in eve

ready, if the secretary of state shall deem it necessary, to deli ver models of the said machines.

OLIVER EVANS."

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DESCRIPTION

Of the several machines invented by Oliver Evans, and used in his improvement on the process of the art of manufacturing flour or meal from grain, and which are mentioned in his specification as applicable to other purposes.

No. I. THE ELEVATOR.

Plate vi. Fig. 1. AB. represents an elevator for raising grain for the granary O, and conducting it by spouts into a number of different garners as may be necessary, where a mill grinds separate parcels for toll or pay. The upper pulley being set in motion, and the little gate A drawn, the buckets fill as they pass under the lower, and empty as they pass over the upper pulley, and discharge into the moveable spout B, to be by it directed to any of the different garners.

Fig. 2. Part of the strap and bucket, showing how they are attached.

A, a bucket of sheet iron, formed from the plate 8, which is doubled up and riveted at the corners, and riveted to the strap.

B, a bucket made of tough wood, say willow, from the form 9, being bent at right angles at e c, one side and bottom covered with leather, and fastened to the strap by a small strap of leather, passing through the main strap, and tacked to its sides. C, a lesser bucket of wood, bottomed with leather, the strap forming one side of it.

D, a lesser bucket of sheet iron, formed from the plate 11,, and riveted to the strap which forms one side of the bucket. Fig. 6. The form of a gudgeon for the lower pulley..

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i

dence, that an agent for the plaintiff, wrote a note to the defendant, in answer to which, he called on the

7. The form of the gudgeons of the shaft of the upper pulley..

12. The form of the buckle for tightening the elevator strap.

Fig. 17, plate vii, represents an elevator applied to raise grain into a granary, from a wharf, &c. by a horse.

16, represents an elevator raising the meal in a grist-mill. 18, represents an elevator wrought by a man.

Plate viii, 35, 39, represents an elevator raising grain from the hold of a ship.".

33, 34, represents an elevator raising meal from three pair of stones, in a flour mill, with all the improvements complete. Plate ix, Fig. 1. CD represents an elevator raising grain from a waggon. E represents the moveable spout, and manner of fixing it, so as to direct the grain into the different apart

ments.

Plate x. 2, 3, and 11, 12, represents elevators, applied toraise rice in a mill for hulling and cleaning rice.

The straps of elevators are best made of white harness 'leather.

No. II. THE CONVEYOR.

Plate vi. fig. 3, represents a conveyor for conveying meal from the millstones into the elevator, stirring it to cool at the same operation, showing how the flights are set across the spiral line to change from the principle of an endless screw to that of a number of ploughs, which answer better for the purpose of moving meal, showing also the lifting flights set broadside foremost, and the manner of connecting it to the lower pulley of the elevator which turns it.

Fig. 4. The gudgeon of the lower pulley of the elevator connected to the socket of the conveyor.

5. An end view of the socket, and the band which fastens it to the conveyor.

Plate viii. 37, 36,-4 represents a conveyor for conveying grain from a ship to the elevator 4-5, with a joint at 36, to let it rise and lower with the tide.

44-45. A conveyor for conveying grain to different garners from an elevator.

31-32. A conveyor for conveying tail flour to the meal elevator, or the coarse flour to the eye of the stone.

Plate ix. Fig. 11, represents a conveyor for conveying the meal from two pair of stones, to the elevator connected to the pulley, which turns them both.

Plate x. 2-11, represents conveyors applied to convey rice, in a rice mill, from a boat or waggon to the elevator, or from the fan to an elevator.

No. II THE HOPPERBOY.

Plate vii. Fig. 12, represents a hopperboy complete for performing all the operations specified, except that only one arm is shown.

AB, the upright shaft; CED, the arms, with flights and sweeps.

E, the sweeper to fill the bolting hoppers HH.

CFE, the brace, or stay, for steadying the arms.

P, the pulley, and W, the weight, that is to balance the arms, to make them play lightly on the meal, and rise or fall, as the quantity increases or diminishes.

ML, the leader. N, the hitch stick, which can be moved along the leading line, to shorten or lengthen it.

Fig. 13. SSS, the arms turned bottom up, showing the flights and sweepers complete at one end, and the lines on the other end show the mode for laying out for the flights, so as to have the right inclination and distance, according to the circle described by each, and so that the flights of one end may track between those of the other. The sweepers and the flights at each end of the arms are put on with a thumb screw, so that they may be moved, and so that these flights may be reversed,

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ber of millers present; the defendant then told the agent that he had got Mr. Evans' Book, a plate in

to drive meal outwards from the centre, and at the same time trail it round the whole circle: this is of use sometimes, when we wish to bolt one quantity which we have under the hopper boy, without bolting that which we are grinding, and yet to spread that which we are grinding to dry and cool, laying round the hopperboy, convenient to be shovelled under it, as soon as we wish to bolt it.

Fig. 15. The form of the pivot for the bottom of the upright shaft.

14. The plate put on the bottom of the shaft to rest on the shoulder of the pivot; this plate is to prevent the arm from descending so low as to touch the floor. "

Plate viii. Fig. 25, represents a hopperboy attending two bolts in a mill, with all the improvements complete."

Plate ix. The hopperboy is shown over QQ Fig. 4 is the arm turned upside down, to show the flights aad sweepers.

No. IV.—THE DRILL.

Plate vi. Fig. 1. HG represents a drill conveying grain from the different garners to the elevator, in a mill for grinding parcels for toll or pay.

Plate vii. Fig. 16. Bd a drill, conveying meal from the stones in a grist mill to the elevator.

The strap of this machine may be made broad, and the substance to be moved may be dropped on its upper surface, to be carried and dropped over the pulley at the other end in this case it requires one bucket like those of the elevator, to bring up any that may spill off the strap.

For full and complete directions for proportioning all the parts, constructing, and using the above-described machines, see the book which I have published for that express purpose, entitled, "The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide." See plate viii. representing a mill, with three pair of millstones, with all the improvements complete, except the kiln-drier.