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for taking away our cha

charters, Valtering fundamentally the forms of our governements,

our own

for susponding legislate for us

in

bezislatives & declaring themselves invested with power t

us in all cases whatsoever

by declaring no out of his protection Quasing was against he has abdicated government here, [withdrawing his governors, & declaring of his allegiance & protection:]

he has plundered our seas, ravaged

lives of our

people:

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us out

our coasts, burnt our towns & destroyed the

he is at this time transporting large

Scolch and other

f foreign mercenaries to compleat

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the works of death desolation & tyranny, already begun with circumstances scarcely paralleled in the more hart arous ages and totally

he has on inietty be perfidy unworthy the head of a civilized nation. excited domestic insurrections amongst us and has

he has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian

savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destriction of all ages, sexes, & conditions [of existence.]

The has incited treasonable insurrections of our fellow-citizens with the

were allurements of forfeiture & confixation of our

he ha constrained others

he has wages

our property & their church

why the high read to veas an
hey had to become

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war against human nature itself, violating it's most sa

-cred rights of life &liberty in the persons of a distant people who never

of

fended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemis sphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither, this piratical warfare the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king of Great Britain [determined to keep opena market where MEN should be bought & vold he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative atterry, t to prohibit or to restrain this determining takeep opon a market where MFA koulette bought robes: execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fait

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very people to use in arm

of distinguished de, he is now
he is now exciting those
amongus, and to purchase that liverly of which he has deprived then,
whom he also blinded them: thus payry

by murdering the people upon

against

Иморгаугу

off former crimes committed
"hich he urges them to commit against the lives of another. ]

the liberties of one people, with crimes

" these oppressions" we have petitioned for redress in the most humble

i only

on every stage of these oppressions" terns, our repeated petitions have been answered by repeated injurïs. a prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit mean to be free" future ages will scarce believé that the hardiness of one man, advenhired within the short compass of twelve years to a foundation to broad & undisguised, for tyranny

free

to be the meter of a people. [who

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only, yogarty at boot, over a peoplé fostered & fixes in principle of Extrading", freedom.]

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Nor have we been wanting :

diction over

us

tentions to our British brethren: we have

one

an unwarrantable

a juris

warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to exchend a [these our states], we have reminded them of the circumstances of · emigration & settlement here, [no of which could warrant so change a pretension: that these were effected at the expence of our own blood & treasure, unassisted by the wealth or the strength of. Great Poritain: that in constitcting indeed our several forms of government, we had adopted one common king, thereby laying a foundation for perpetual league & amity with them: but that submission to their part of our constitution, nor ever in idea if history may be credited: and we appealed to their native justice & magnanimity [as well as to the ties would inevitably. sjour common kindred to disavow these usurpations which were likely to interrupt our correspondence. Dconnection. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice &

parliament was no

connection &

have

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We must therofore

& we have comused themby

I consanguinity. & when occasions have been given them, by the regular

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their laws, of removing from their councils the disturbers of our harmony, they have by their free election re-established them in power. at this very time too they are permitting their chief magisbate to send over not only soldiers of our common

destroy us.

blood, but Scotch & foreign mercenaries to invade & gland. These fict

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have given the last stab to agonizing affection, and manly spirit bids us tox. -nounce for ever these unfeeling brethren, we must endeavor to forget

our

former love for them, and to hold them as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends we might have been a free & a great people together; but a commu • necation of grandeur & of freedom it seems is belowe their dignity, be it so since they will have it: the road to you happiness, is open to us too; we will come it

apart from them,

We must these

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& to glory

not

de

treap

a sopwentity tarts, and acquiesce in the necessity wit of mankind enemies on war, is peace which pronounces our best Cartery dax External separation!

ер

hereafter

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colonis

we utterly toome heretofore sub.

We therefore the representatives of the United States of America in General Conappealing to to the ruiming judge of the worked for the rectitude of our intentions -gress assembled, do in the name of by authority of the good people of these [shates]] [reject and renounce all allegiance Youbjection to the kings of Great Britain &all others who may claim by, through, or under them; dissolve I break off all political connection which may -sisted between us & the people or parliament of Great Britain; and finally we do assent and declare these colonies to be free and independant states, and that as Ace & independant shades they shall horse offer have power to levy

was

tutates

full

the

conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commence, & to do all thes acts and things which independant. may of Kight do. And for support of this declaration] we mutually pledge to each other our

formenes, & our sacred honour.

lives, our

John Hancock
Donja Buth Lewis Morns

Benf. Franklor
0
John Morton
Ypm Hooper

Joseph Hewes

Лот Ролад

Sammoh Chase

James Wils In
Gro-Nops

Rich Workton

ہے

John Pinn (no Witherspoale

The Stone John Hart,

Gro Taylor

Tras Hopkinson

Abra Clark

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Phish. Livingston Lyman Halle,
Gaan Servis GeoWalton.

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Carter Braxton Bony Harnoon
Casar Rodney" "The Nelson j
GeoRead Matchen Thornton
Them Reap. Step Hopkin
M.
Edoned Euklidge William Ellery

Edward

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Royer Sherman

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[graphic]

Arthur Mead AhharlesCanoll Harrollton

Meddleton
Gieflymen

George Wythe Set Smithe

Sam "Huntington
Mr

Richard Henry Lee 1 William

Josiah Bartlet

m

Oliver holis

1. Whipple John Adams
Sam Adams Bot Fear Paince
ThRefferson Elbridge Gerry

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