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A glimpse of one of the feeder Nalas of the Nagjhiri Valley, in the Northern Kanara Division, Bombay Presidency, which is being worked by mechanical means by the Forest Engineering Department. A length of the extraction road can be seen on the righthand side near the top of the picture Teak log, weighing 3 tons, being hauled up a steep slope of 55 degrees from the valley below in order to get it on to the extraction road. The length of the haul is 1200 feet Shows the loading of logs on to a steel trailer at the temporary Dep t at the head of the valley. The apparatus used consists of a guyderrick. The boom is capable of swinging completely round through 360 degrees. Hoisting is done by means of a man-power winch attached to the central derrick-pole. Logs are also dragged up to the winch by means of this winch and tackle, which operation can be seen in this picture. Northern Kanara, Bombay. . 592 Super-sentinel steam tractor leaving the temporary Depot with a load of logs weighing about 5 tons. This is not the limit of the hauling capacity of the tractor, but the load of logs is as much as can be safely accommodated on the trailer for transport over rough roads. The tractor is equipped with reduction gearing, chain-drivers and weighs about 7 tons ready for the road. The wheels have special rims so that steel or solid rubber tyres are interchangeable. Northern Kanara, Bombay

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The old style at Changa Manga. Country cart drawn by two pairs of bullocks. Carrying capacity, 200 cubic feet stacked

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The Fuel Depot, Changa Manga. The line in the foreground is that of
the old bullock tramway. The broad gauge wagons are brought
into the Depot on a special siding. Punjab

Type of engine used on the Changa Manga 2-foot gauge tramway.
Punjab.

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A telescopic slide, Lower Bashahr, North-West Himalaya. 1921 Working logs down a rolling road in Upper Bashahr, North-West Himalaya. 1921

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A log slide below Runang Forest, Upper Bashahr, North-West Himalaya.
1918-19.

The gravity ropeway (Donald's patent) in use in Upper Bashahr, North-
West Himalaya. 1921

The terminal station of the Patriata Ropeway, Rawalpindi Division,
North-West Frontier Province. Above, the Ropeway with a load
going down. 1923.

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Jamguri Rest House. Type of a first-class house. Buxa Division,
Bengal

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The Goalpara Forest Tramway. A train of logs en route to Fakiragram
on the new section of the line. 1925
Typical timber-top bridge, 16 feet high and 15 feet span. A type design plate
of the Forest Engineering Department, Bombay Presidency.
The Hel Bridge from on top. H. P. Smith, I.F.S., the builder, with
Mr. B. C. Das, E.A.C. Forests. This bridge has eleven spans of
30 feet apiece. Goalpara, Assam

Kochugaon Forest Bungalow, built in 1906 and since improved.
Kochugaon is the headquarters of the Forest Tramway. Goalpara
Division, Assam

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The Hel Bridge, built by H. P. Smith, I.F.S., to carry the Forest Tram-
way. There are eleven spans of 30 feet apiece. Goalpara Division,
Assam

Taukleyan Forest Rest House, Prome Division, Burma
Changa Manga Forest House, Punjab. Built 1871

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Road construction in the Sappal Valley, Palghat Division. Dry stone
revetment 141 feet long by 41 feet high. 1925. Madras

No. IV Skidder yarding logs in Dhoni Valley. Evergreen Forests,
Chenat Nair, Palghat, Madras

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Logs of Mesua Ferrea being yarded on to road. Sappal Valley, Palghat,

Madras.

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Causeway over the Kali Nadi in Kanara constructed by the Forest Engineering Division. It is 450 feet long and has thirty-one openings of 6 feet span. Bombay Presidency

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The Ralli Road under construction, 1921. This road was built by the
Forest Department and runs up the gorge of the Sutlej River,
Upper Bashahr, North-West Himalaya

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Cave supposed to be inhabited by a demon to whom goats were sacrificed by the coolies. The demon was supposed to be the cause of all the fatal accidents incidental to the construction of the Ralli Road, Upper Bashahr

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Effect of overfelling, bad felling, fires, etc., in Ryotwari Teak Forests,
Melghat, Berar

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Young Teak Forest after thinning-adjacent to Ryotwari Forest. Note
general effect of fire protection and cultural operations. Melghat
Division, Berar

Reafforestation of Seminary Hill, Nagpur, Central Provinces
Young Babul (Acacia Arabica) Forest, three years old, but open to
browsing by camels and goats. Compare with photograph on back.
Hyderabad Division, Sind

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Typical Young Babul Forest, 3 years old. Twice the height of a man. This area has been closed entirely to browsing by camels and goats, but open to cattle grazing. Hyderabad Division, Sind

NOTE

A GENERAL review of the progress of Forest Administration in British India between 1871-1900 was given in Part II of the second volume of this history. In the present Part an attempt has been made to give for the same period, and for each province, the salient features which had a bearing upon the future progress of Forestry.

PART I

THE PROGRESS OF FOREST CONSERVANCY IN THE SEVERAL PRESIDENCIES AND PROVINCES

BETWEEN 1871-1900

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