To face page General view of the economic workshops and offices at the New Forest Sturtevant kiln, showing sixteen varieties of timber testing specimens Dehra Dun Wood preservation plant, pressure cylinder, pumps and control boiler. 363 376 377 378 379 382 383 404 405 412 Effect of grazing on regeneration of Pinus longifolia. Above the path is open to grazing. No advance growth. Below the path is closed to grazing. Good advance growth of young pine Effect of the frost of 1905 on sâl poles as seen six years later. Tirsal Forests, Siwalik Division, United Provinces. Photograph taken 24 November, 1910 Eucalyptus globulus Coppice. Ootacamund, Nilgris. Madras Presidency 413 Taungya cutters dibbling paddy in their yas in Tharrawaddy Division. The men notch the soil at intervals of a few inches, using the long bamboos with iron chisel-shaped tips and working with the balance of the long pole. The women sow paddy in each notch. Photograph taken June, 1921 Teak sown broadcast on level ground and transplanted to stake. Shows Pyinkado sown in June, 1921, on raised mounds on which sugar cane is cultivated. Sugar cane is being held back in foreground to show the pyinkado (Xylia Dolabriformis). Thindawyo Reserve, Tharrawaddy Division, Burma 414 415 416 417 A 1917 Teak Plantation, sown 10 feet by 6 feet. Photograph taken in A plantation of chikrassi and champ (Plains variety). Planted in 1921 on a failed sâl area at Sukna. The champ is doing quite well under the chikrassi Sample plot No. II near Mohnit, in Teak Plantation No. 14, of 1912. plate Photograph taken January, 1923, just before thinning after felling suppressed trees. Kaing Reserve, Pyinmana Division, Burma Tinwa flowered 1913-14. Photograph taken November, 1916. Shows dead culms mostly fallen, and vigorous regeneration of tinwa last (Cephalostachyum Pergracile). Pile Reserve, Katha Division, Burma plate Facing To face page Sown teak 6 feet by 6 feet, with a dense natural reproduction of hnaw General view of nursery beds in Bilumyo Reserve, Katha Division, A 1920 Sâl Plantation. Photographed in 1923. With Rahar dal planted 422 422 423 423 Ghamari (Gmelina arborea) planted in 1917-18 . A second rotation teak crop, Nilambur Plantations. 428 • 429 Aravalakadu, 1918 Plantation. Planted by Mr. Ray Bourne, I.F.S., who cut the first of the old crops to be felled. Photograph by A. F. Minchin, I.F.S., March, 1925. Madras Presidency Artocarpus hirsuta successfully introduced as an underwood in a teak plantation. Artocarpus, eighteen years. Teak, fifty-seven years. The teak is being cleaned of epicormic branches. Madras Presidency 430 Natural regeneration of mahogany by roadside in Pannengode Block, Nilambur. The tree is a shade bearer and may, as in the case of hopea, be useful as an under-story for teak. Photograph by A. F. ing Minchin during author's visit, March, 1925. Madras Presidency American Portable Sawmill, erected at the Beypur River Depot for preparation of sleepers, etc. Madras Presidency, 1925. Nilambur Teak Plantations. Compt. 15 felled, cleared and ready for planting (in June, 1925) the second rotation crop of teak. In foreground coolies are preparing a nursery for raising teak plants. March, 1925. Madras Presidency View at low tide across the log pond at the Beypur Depot. The timber Teak regeneration in the Haliyal Teak Pole Area, Kanara, N.D. (Kham- A 1920 Teak Plantation in Compt. 9, Minhla Reserve, Tharrawaddy Division. Teak was sown 6 feet by 6 feet, and pyinma (Lagerstræmia Flos-Regina) broadcast. Photograph taken February, 1923, shows a dense undergrowth of pyinma with fairly vigorous teak and no weeds. Burma Fac nex! plate Fac ing last plate 431 .. 431 To face page Natural regeneration of sâl-annually cut back by frost-Balaghat, C.P. 432 Chir (Pinus longifolia) Plantation, seventeen years old. Sown broadcast and unweeded. Note frosted sâl. Supkhar, Balaghat Division, 2500 feet. Central Provinces Chir Pine (Pinus longifolia) Plantation. Thinned. Average height 28-8 feet. C.P. May, 1924 Sample plot, seventeen years. Natural reproduction of sâl on hoed strips at Seowari, Compt. 15D, 432 433 433 436 Artificial regeneration of sâl in Clear Felled Area, 1922. Ramgarh Young even-aged sâl crop, aged thirty-seven years, recently thinned. Advance growth retained (as the crop of the future) on an area over Sâl Shelter Wood in a regeneration area, 1923. Lakhmanmandi Block, 437 438 439 444 Natural regeneration of sâl under a shelter wood, 1925. Sunmanthalpa Block, Haldwani Division, U.P. Regeneration from 1913 seed year 445 Evergreen Forests, Chenat Nair, Palghat, Madras Presidency. Unfelled Forest in the Dhoni Valley, 1925 Evergreen Forests, Chenat Nair, Palghat Division. The appearance of the cover left after the fellings have been made. This photograph and the one on the reverse side were very kindly taken at points selected by the author during his visit to the Area in March, 1925. 447 The 1915 Improvement Felling Area, showing fine growth of teak as a result of the felling. Photograph taken November, 1922. Katha Division, Upper Burma Inspection of elephants and kit at Hmychaung Forest Rest House, A teak patch, two monsoons old, average height 4 feet. After the completion of fellings, when all the saleable material has been removed, the felling debris is stacked into heaps and burnt. In the burnt patches teak seeds are dibbled just before the monsoon. The picture shows an average of such patches. North Dangs, Bombay Presidency Natural regeneration of teak dating from Clear Felling in 1911. photo- Elephant being used to thin in a young pole forest in the Saugor Division, 450 451 451 452 453 A typical blank area in sâl forest in Singbhum owing to past cultivation of field crops. Bihar and Orissa To face page 457 Young crop grown from shisham root and shoot cuttings, transplanted one year ago, without trenches. Daphar, Punjab (vide p. 471) Area trenched and ready for sowing. Cut cotton stocks lying in foreground. Daphar Plantation, Punjab 468 468 Reopening trenches at Changa Manga after felling. Root and shoot cuttings and sowings will be carried out here. 1925, Punjab. Shisham crop established on very bad kallar soil by the method of root and shoot cuttings. Sowings had repeatedly failed. Irrigated plantations, Punjab, 1925. S. Babadur Singh is in the plantation. 469 Shisham sowings sown April, 1924. Photographed April, 1925. Daphar Plantation, Punjab. Crop of shisham four years old, raised by sowing broadcast ploughed land. Photograph taken in 1925, immediately before thinning. Daphar, Punjab The same crop taken from the same spot immediately after thinning Crop at Daphar, four years old, raised by sowing shisham in ploughed strips. The excellent soil and adequate rainfall make this possible in this plantation. W. E. Flewett, 1925 469 472 472 A compartment at Changa Manga, showing the damage due to the Crop of shisham at Khanewal seven years old given three waterings in Shisham crop ten years old, Chinchawatni Plantation. One year after Shisham crop ten years old undersown with mulberry. Chinchawatni. Ravine reclamation. Head of a ravine before treatment, showing Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) Plantation, four years old. Etawah. Afforestation Division, U.P. May, 1925 475 478 479 484 484 Ravine reclamation by famine labour, Etawah. Construction of a bund, Ravine reclamation, Etawah. The same bund and the same view four Dolpokhra old village land-April, 1920-showing soil preparation for Indian Munitions Board. War timber. Sleepers piled at Soolay Pagoda Indian Munitions Board. War Timber Depot. Pazundaung Creek, To face page 535 562 562 Gyn poles, with pulleys and tackle employed with skidder to haul in logs to the railway line at Sukna The skidder loading logs at Sukna on specially built log cars The wire ropeway at Toong, which is gravity operated, has an endless cable 7000 feet long running round 7-foot diameter sheaves at the upper and lower stations. The Upper Station 563 563 The wire ropeway from Toong, showing a timber trestle and load on a carrier going down The Darjeeling-Himalayan railway siding running out to the coupe. Seen passing through the 1920 sâl. Bengal 564 Crew of Tibetans of logging engine (all porters from the Everest Expedi- 565 High lead logging in the Himalayan Hill Forests with American logging Engine. Elevation 7000 feet. Toong, Kurseong-Darjeeling Divisions 566 Ploughs cut from sâl tops ready for passing. Sukna sâl taungya. Bengal The improved and bridged compartment or block lines in the Goalpara Wild elephant tied up fore and aft after capture for training. Burma. No. IV skidder ready for work, Dhoni Valley, Chenat Nair Evergreen 566 567 567 572 Gyn pole rig. Log yarded in. Dhoni Valley, Chenat Nair, Madras Bullock cart on high road, Sappal Valley, transporting logs to Sawmill at Olavakot on the railway, eight miles away. This is still the cheapest method of transport from the road to the Mill. Chenat Nair Evergreen Forests, Madras Presidency 583 583 The Dhoni Valley-Skidder Yarding. Log sliding down earth slide on north side and yarded up on south side. Palghat Division, Madras 586 Fordson tractor and the Huston skidding-winch leaving Dandeli for work in the Nagjhiri Valley. Weight of tractor, 2770 pounds. Weight of winch, 1800 pounds. North Kanara, Bombay Presidency 587 Fordson tractor and winch on road in Nagjhiri Valley. The rear road wheels have been removed and are seen on left. North Kanara, Bombay Presidency. 1925 General view of layout of a buffalo winch, Kanara Forests, Bombay Elephants floating teak logs in the Kali Nadi, North Kanara, Bombay |