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are distinguished, 55, 56; Sir H.
Holland's distinction, 56.
Hale, Sir Matthew, on the threefold

office of Conscience, 153.
Hamilton, Sir W., on Passion, 36; on
Association of Ideas, 49; on Habit
and Association, 57.
Hancock, Dr., on Instinct, 23.
Happiness includes the Glory of God as
well as the Good of Man, 147.
Hartley, Dr., on Habit and Association,
57; on the Moral Sense, 84; on
Moral Liberty, 200.
Hazlitt, W., on the exercise of the In-
tellectual Faculties as productive of
Pleasure, 354.

Health, risking of, see Self-conserva-
tion.

Hegesias, his justification of suicide,
235.

Hobbes, on Resentment, 38; on Pity,

42; his definition of Association of
Ideas, 47; his theory of Virtue, 112;
on the Will, 169; his definition of a
Free Agent, 194, 207.

Holland, Sir H., on the distinction of

Habit from Instinct, 56.
Home Affections, 43.

Honour, lawfulness of seeking it, 253;

its dangers, 253.

Hooker, R., on the Government of God,

113; on the difference between De-
sire and Will, 173; on Choice, 174.
Horsley, Bishop, on External Obliga-
tion, 162; on Free Agency in Man,
224.
Howard, John, his death heroic, 240.
Humanity, defined, 268.

Hume, Mr., on the Sentimental Theory

of the Moral Faculty, 88; on the
Intellectual Theory, 96; his Theory
of Utility, 127; on the distinction
between Benevolence and Justice,
252.

Humility, defined, 256.

Hunger, defined, 249, see Self-control.
Husband, duties of a, see Marriage.
Hutcheson, Dr., on Desires, 34; on
Passion, 35; on the doctrine of a
Moral Sense, 81, 82; on the Intel-
lectual Theory of the Moral Faculty,
92; Theory of Virtue, 122.
Hutton, Dr. J., on Death as the be-

ginning of a further existence, 383.

Hyperpsychical Theories relating to
Instinct, 23; opinions of Bougeant,
French, Sir I. Newton, Addison,
Bonnet, and Dr. Hancock, 23.

I.

Ignorance, defined, 5; Vincible and
Invincible, 5.

Involuntary Action, defined, 6.
Imitation, a power and propensity
strong in children, 26.

Immortality, a universal belief in, 389,
see Soul.

Indifferent Actions, defined, 3.
Inherence, defined as Subjective Depend-
ence, 7.

Instinct, signification of, 19; definitions
of, by Jouffroy, Paley, Leibnitz,
Whewell, and Reid, 19, note; ac-
tions of inferior animals referred to,
20; theories proposed in explanation
of, 20; Mason Good's definition, 21;
Dr. E. Darwin on, 22; of Infants,
25; a Law divinely given to brute
and inanimate creatures by God, 154.
Intellect. See Cognitions.

Intelligence of the inferior animals, 24 ;
opinions of Stewart, Locke, and
Archbishop Whately, 24.

Intend, to, signification of, 2.
Intention implied in every Moral Ac-
tion, 5; defined as Voluntary, In-
voluntary, and Mixed, 5.

Intrepidity or Courage, defined and
illustrated, 256.

Irritability, an exciting cause of In-
stinct, 21.

J.

Jews, their restriction of Benevolence
to the descendants of Abraham, 261.
Johnson, Dr. on Expediency, 137; on
the evils of Poverty, 241; distinc-
tion between Physical and Moral
Truth, 286.

Jouffroy, Mons., his definition of In-
stinct, 19, note; on the province of
the Body in man, 233.
Jurisprudence, how distinguished from
Morality, 260.

Justice, defined, 229, 282; Ethical
Justice, viewed Positively, has re-
ference to Justice-

I. In our Thoughts, involving
Candour or Fairness, 285; in what
this consists, 285, 286.

II. In our Words, comprehending
Veracity and Fidelity, 286, 296.

III. In our Acts, (a) by Legal
Justice, 296; (b) by acting equit-
ably and fairly without Legal Re-
quirements, 287.

K.

Kames, Lord, on Emotion, 29; his ad-
mission that man acts with a con-
viction of being morally free, 198;
on the Moral Freedom of man, 205.
Kant, on the Moral Freedom of man,
205; his classification of man's
duties, 229; on the lawfulness of
small-pox inoculation, 240; on the
Being of God, 330.

Kindness, Active, duties of, 265.
Kindred, Affections of, see Affections.
Kirby, Rev. W., on Instinct in the

inferior Animals, 21.

Knowing, how differing from Feeling,
10, 69.

Knowledge, Principles of, defined, 7;
distinguished from Principles of Ac-
tion, 8; a necessary condition of
Feeling, 12.

and Intention implied in every
Moral Action, 5.

L.

Law, an exposition, not an origination,
of Duty, 113; difference between a
Law and the principle of a Law, 113.

Natural, explained, 154; in what
it consists, 155.
Leibnitz, his definition of Instinct, 19,
note; his argument against Moral
Liberty in man, 198; on the Exist-
ence of God, 326.

Libentia and Libertas, distinguished,
193, note.

Libertas distinguished from Velle, 193.
Liberty, Moral, chief arguments prov-

ing man to be endowed with, 195-
207; the argument from conscious-
ness stated by Drs. Reid and Clarke,
d'Alembert and Bishop Butler, 196,
197; challenged by Spinoza, Leib-

nitz, and Lord Kames, 197, 198;
opinions of Drs. M'Cosh and Hartley
and Mr. Belsham, 199, 200; falla-
ciousness of the objections stated,
201; Dr. Reid's argument in favour
of Free Agency, 202, 203; Man's
being a moral and accountable being
the great argument for Free Agency,
204; testimony of Dr. Reid, Upham,
Price, and Kant, 204, 205; admis-
sion of Lord Kames, 205; human
law and government proceed upon
the fact that man is a Free Agent,
206; and the whole business of life
proceeds on the same assumption,
207.

Liberty and Necessity, 188; difference of
opinion among philosophers on, 189;
Liberty distinguished as Freedom
from Co-action, and Freedom from
Necessity, 190, 191; statement and
illustration of the Theory as to
Liberty and Necessity, 194, 195;
List of Authors on, 226.

Locke, Mr., on the Intelligence of the
inferior animals, 24; on Passion,
35; on the Malevolent Affections,
62; on the innate sense of Right
and Wrong, 77; on the distinction
between Desiring and Willing, 168;
illustration of the difference between
Preferring, Choosing, and Willing,
173; conviction of the fact of Man's
Free Agency, 223; on the Existence
of God, 327.
Love to God.

See Sentiments.

M.

Mackintosh, Sir James, on Moral Science,
8; on the Moral Sense, 85.
Magnanimity, distinguished from Equa-
nimity, 255.

Marcus Antoninus, on the threefold
Duties of Man, 230, note.
Marriage, defined, 299; its necessary
conditions and circumstances, 300;
Consanguinity, a bar to, 300; Mo-
nogamy the original institution, 301;
evils of Polygamy, 301; the modes
of celebration various in different
countries, 302; not always per-
formed by a priest under the Law
of Moses, 303; a Sacrament in the

Church of Rome, 303; not so held
by the Church of England, 303, 304;
Relaxation of the English Law in
favour of Dissenters, 304; Law of
Scotland, 304; Duties imposed by
Marriage, 305; its Duration and
Dissolution, 306-309; Authority of
Parents in regard to their Children
in respect to, 315.
Masters, 317; origin of slavery, 318;
duties in regard to Voluntary Ser-
vants: I. Equity in regard to
Wages, 319.-II. Kindness in re-
gard to Labour, 320; Injunction of
Scripture in these respects, 320.
Materfamilias, signification of the term,
299.

Mendacium perniciosum, officiosum and
jocosum, 288.

Metaphysical Arguments, explanation
of the term, 323.

Mill, Mr. J., on the Moral Sense, 84.
—, Mr. J. S., his claim to the first
use of the term Utilitarian, 131, note.
Milton, J., his definition of Opinion,
45 note.

Mind, Immateriality of, what is meant
by the expression, 371; its distinctive
properties, 371:-I. Self-conscious-
ness and Thought not inherent in
matter, therefore the Mind is immate-
rial, 371.-II. The unity or indivisi-
bility of our perceptions and thoughts
proves that the source or seat of
them is one and indivisible, and
therefore immaterial, 372.-III. The
consciousness of our own unity and
simplicity as thinking beings, 373.-
IV. The conviction of Personal Iden-
tity, 373.-V. Its Independence of
the Body, 374.-VI. The Pheno-
mena of Dreaming, 377, 378.-VII.
Power of Will, 379.

Phenomena of, an evidence of the
existence of God, 335.
Mixed actions, defined, 6.
Molinos, a Spanish priest, his doctrine

on the Love of God, 397, note.
Monogamy, 301. See Marriage.
Moral Agency, distinguished as Spon-
taneous and Volitional, 192-Bos-
suet's distinction between Freedom
and Will, 193; Gassendi's distinction
between volentia and voluntas, and

between libentia and libertas, 193,
note; Dr. Reid's definition of the
Liberty of a Moral Agent, 194;
Hobbe's definition of a Free Agent,
194; Edwards on the Freedom of
Will, 194.

Moral Arguments, explained, 323.
Faculty, 81-110.

Government of God, defined,
328; shewn:-I. By Men being born
in a state of Subjection and Depend-
ence, 368.-II. By the Subordinations
and Arrangements of Civil Society,
368.-III. By the natural feelings of
the human heart approving the pun-
ishment of Vice and the protection of
Virtue by civil enactments, 369.-
IV. By the witness of the individual
and private power of Conscience,
369.-V. By the constitution of our
bodies so as to be affected by our
good or bad conduct, 369, 370. The
doctrine of a Future State the full
solution of all difficulties on the
subject, 370.

Morality and Jurisprudence, how dis-
tinguished, 260.

More, Dr. Henry, on Instinct, 22.

Hannah, on the Love of God,

397.
Motives, definition of, by Edwards,
175; distinguished as Objective and
Subjective, 175-178; classified as
Animal and Rational, 178; Mr. Up-
ham's proposed classification as Natu-
ral and Moral, 181.

N.

Necessity, Moral, arguments for, 207-
225; objection that Liberty, as im-
plying a self-determining power, is
inconceivable and absurd, 207;
Hobbe's definition of a Free Agent,
207; followed by Leibnitz, Collins,
Edwards, and later Necessarians in
general, 207; mistakes as to the
term "Liberty" by Necessitarians,
208; Dr. Reid's argument for Moral
Liberty, 209; Edwards' argument
against the self-determining power of
the Will, 210; twofold answer to
the objection, 211; Argument of the
Necessitarians that Liberty is im

possible; Statements

of Collins,

Hobbes, Hume, Priestley, Dr. Crom-
bie, Liebnitz, &c., 212, 213; Replies
by advocates of Free Agency, 213-
217; argument that Liberty in Man
is incompatible with Foreknowledge
in God, 217; Edwards' statement of
this objection, 218-220; his premises
inadmissible, 220; his argument that
the contingency of future events
must prevent their being foreknown,
221; how this objection is to be
met, 221, 222; Locke's conviction of
Free Agency in Man, 223; Bishop
Horsley's and Toplady's opinions,
224, 225.

Nemesius on Desire, 38, note.
Newton, Sir I., on Instinct, 23; on
the Existence of God, 328.
Neighbour, love of our, Bishop Butler
on, 262.

Nightingale, Florence, her heroic virtue,
240.

"Not Guilty," extent of the plea of,
289.

Novels, how far useful as moral
teachers, 289.

0.

Oaths, their nature, 294; whether
warranted by Scripture, 294, 295.
Obligation, explained, 160; Dr. Whe-
well on Internal Obligation, 161;
Bishop Warburton on External Obli-
gation, 162.

Obstinacy, defined as Constancy car-
ried to an extreme, 256.
Ontological arguments, meaning of the
term, 823.

Opinion, defined, 45; an element of
Desires, Passions, and Affections, 45;
as a Principle of Action, 45; dis-
tinguished as Primary and Natural,
and as Secondary and Factitious,
45, 46; Definitions of Plato and
Milton, 45, note; the world governed
by, 65.

Origination, the attribute of God, 7.

P.

Paley, Dr., his definition of Instinct,
19, note; exposition of the doctrine

of Utility, 134; weakness in his
doctrine of Expediency, 135; views
as to the nature of Obligation, 140,
141; on the formation of Habits,
247; on Gratitude, 274; on non-
criminal Falsehoods, 288.
Parables, use of, 288, 289.

309.

Paracelsus, his doctrine on Instinct, 21.
Parents, their power the earliest and
most sacred recognized among men.
Parental Authority:-I. Its
Origin, 310.-II. Its Nature and
Amount, 310; Period during which
it is to be exercised, 310; Age at
which children become free from
parental government, 311. Duties
towards their children:-I. Support
and Maintenance, 312.-II. Educa-
tion, 313.-III. Choice of Occupa-

tion, 314.-IV. At Marriage, 315.
Pascal, his saying on Asceticism, 238.
Passions, defined by Dr. Brown, 34;

by Mr. Stewart, 34; by Dr. Reid,
35; by Dr. Hutcheson, 35; how
awakened, 36; Locke on their origin,
36; Sir W. Hamilton's definition,
36; Scheme of Classification, 37;
excess of indulgence leads to revul-
sion of feeling, 61; their charac-
teristics, 62.

Paterfamilias, meaning of the term,
299.

Patience, defined, 256.

Payne, Dr., on Sympathy, 41.
Peripatetics, their theory of Virtue,

111.

Person, liberty of, a natural right, 283.
Philosophy, Moral, object proposed by
the study of, 1.

Physical Arguments, explanation of the
term, 323.

theories relating to Instinct, 202.
Plastic Nature, doctrine of, 21; Dr.
Henry More on, 22.

Plato, his definition of Opinions, 45,
note; on Physical causes affecting
moral laws, 77 note; on Virtue,
110; on the Government of God,
113, note; on the Existence of God,
320; Necessity of a First Cause,
332.

Pleasures, their moderate enjoyment
lawful, 253; dangers of excess, 254.
Politeness, distinguished from Civility,

263; defined, 263; springs from
the heart, 264; distinguished as
Absolute and Relative, 264.
Pollicitation, explained, 290.
Polygamy, 301. See Marriage.
Poverty, temptations of, 241; Dr.
Johnson on the evils of, 241.
Prayer, a universally recognized duty,
407; source from which it springs,
407; considered as consisting of—
(1) Adoration of the Divine per-
fections, and acknowledgment of our
dependence on God for all we have,
408; (2) Thankful Remembrance
of benefits already received; (3)
Confession of ingratitude, forget-
fulness, and sin; (4) Supplication
for continuance of the Divine pro-
tection on ourselves and others, 408.

Reply to Objections:-(1) That it
is needless, owing to God's Omni-
science, 409; (2) That it is useless,
as God is unchangeable, 410; Prayer
classified as Private, Domestic, and
Public, 411.

Family Prayer reasonable and bene-
ficial, 411, 412.

Public Worship agreeable to the
social nature of Man, 412, 413;
beneficial to society, 413; enjoined
under the Mosaic dispensation in the
wanderings in the Wilderness, and
under the established kingdom, 414;
required under the Christian dispen-
sation, though spiritualized in its
nature, 414.

Preferring, Choosing, and Willing, how
distinguished, 173; Locke's illustra-
tion, 173.

Price, Dr. R., on the Intellectual
Theory of the Moral Sense, 92, 93,
97; on Virtue, 116; on Obligation
to Action, 161; on God's Goodness,
351.

Mr., on the Moral Liberty of man,
204; on the Particular Providence
of God, 366, 367; on Prayer, 407.
Priestley, Dr., on Automatic movements,

25; his definition of the proper
object of government as "the greatest
happiness of the greatest number,"

130.

Prime Mover, necessity for the exist-
ence of a, 331.

Primogeniture, 312.

Principles, Aristotle's definition of, 7;
Reid's definition of, 7, note.

of Action. See Action.
Promises, what constitutes them, 290,
when thought not to be binding,
291, 292.

Property, possession of, a natural right,
283.

Providence of God, proved by the same
arguments as His Being, 365; neces-
sity of a Particular Providence, 366;
the phrase "General Providence'

a misnomer, 367.
Prudence, defined, 229; Sense of, see
Guides of Human Action.
Psychical theories relating to Instinct,
22; opinions of Mr. Coleridge, Dr.
E. Darwin, and Mr. Smellies, 22.
Public Worship. See Prayer.
Puffendorf, S., on Man's Duties to his
Fellows, 283; his definition of an
Oath, 294.

Pythagoras, on the formation of Habits
in later life, 247; on Prayer, 407.

R.

Rectitude or Rightness, defined, 157.
Redintegration, law of, 47, 48.
Reid, Dr., on Cognition, 10; on Feel-
ing, 10; on Principles of Action,
13, 14; his definition of Instinct,
19, note; on Instinct in Infants, 25;
on Instinct throughout life, 26;
on the Appetites, 27, 28; on Pas-
sion, 35; on Resentment, 38; on
Emulation, 38; on Disposition, 44,
note; on Habit, 51; on Habit and
Association, 57; on the office of
Reason, 68; his judgment on Pru-
dence as a principle of action, 74;
on the Intellectual Theory of the
Moral Faculty, 94, 96; on Virtue,
117; his fundamental objection to
the doctrine of Utility, 130; on Rec-
titude of conduct, 157; on the dis-
tinction between Desiring and Will-
ing, 169; definition of the Liberty
of a Moral Agent, 194; on the
Consciousness of Moral Liberty,
196, 204; his argument for Moral
Liberty, 209; on Temper, 258; on
Veracity, 286; on the Existence of
God 329.

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