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Prin. Alas, poor Maccabæus, how hath he been baited!

Enter ARMADO, for Hector.

Biron. Hide thy head, Achilles here comes Hector in arms.

Dum. Though my mocks come home by me, I will now be merry.

Kong. Hector was but a Troyan in respect

of this.

Boget. But is this Hector?

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Kong. I think Hector was not so clean-timbered.

Lang. His leg is too big for Hector's.
Dan. More calf, certain.

Boyet. No; he is best indued in the small.
Biron. This cannot be Hector.

Dum. He's a god or a painter; for he makes

faces.

Arm. The armipotent Mars, of lances the almighty,

Gave Hector a gift,

Dom. A gilt nutmeg.

Biron. A lemon.

Long. Stuck with cloves.

Dam. No, cloven.

Arm. Peace !

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The armipotent Mars, of lances the almighty,
Gave Hector a gift, the heir of Ilion;

A man so breathed, that certain he would
fight yea

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From morn till night, out of his pavilion.
I am that flower,-
Dum.
Long.

That mint.

That columbine. Arm Sweet Lord Longaville, rein thy tongue. Long. I must rather give it the rein, for it rans against Hector.

Dum. Ay, and Hector's a greyhound. Arm. The sweet war-man is dead and rotten; sweet chucks, beat not the bones of the buried when he breathed, he was a man. But I will forward with my device. [To the Princess] Sweet royalty, bestow on me the sense of hearing.

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Prin. Speak, brave Hector: we are much delighted.

Arm. I do adore thy sweet grace's slipper. Boyet. [Aside to Dum.] Loves her by the foot.

Dum. [Aside to Boyet] He may not by the yard.

Arm. This Hector far surmounted Hannibal,

Cost. The party is gone, fellow Hector, she is gone; she is two months on her way. Arm. What meanest thou?

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Cost. Faith, unless you play the honest Troyan, the poor wench is cast away: she's quick; the child brags in her belly already: 'tis yours.

Arm. Dost thou infamonize me among potentates? thou shalt die.

Cost. Then shall Hector be whipped for Jaquenetta that is quick by him and hanged for Pompey that is dead by him.

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Dum. Most rare Poinpey!
Boyet, Renowned Pompey!
Biron. Greater than great, great, great,
great Pompey! Pompey the Huge!
Dum. Hector trembles.

Biron. Pompey is moved.

More Ates,

more Ates! stir them on! stir them on!
Dum. Hector will challenge him.
Biron. Ay, if a' have no more man's blood
in's belly than will sup a flea.

Arm. By the north pole, I do challenge thee.

Cost. I will not fight with a pole, like a northern man: I'll slash; I'll do it by the sword. I bepray you, let me borrow my arms again.

Dum. Room for the incensed Worthies!
Cost. I'll do it in my shirt.

Dum. Most resolute Pompey!

Moth. Master, let me take you a buttonhole lower. Do you not see Pompey is uncasWhat mean you? ing for the combat? will lose your reputation.

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the little hole of discretion, and I will right myself like a soldier. [Exeunt Worthies.

King. How fares your majesty ? Prin. Boyet, prepare; I will away tonight.

King. Madam, not so; I do beseech you, stay.

Prin. Prepare, I say. I thank you, gracious lords,

For all your fair endeavors; and entreat,
Out of a new-sad soul, that you vouchsafe
In your rich wisdom to excuse or hide
The liberal opposition of our spirits,
If over-boldly we have borne ourselves
In the converse of breath: your gentleness
Was guilty of it. Farewell, worthy lord!
A heavy heart bears not a nimble tongue :
Excuse me so, coming too short of thanks
For my great suit so easily obtain'd.

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King. The extreme parts of time extremely forms

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Even to the opposed end of our intents:
And what in us hath seem'd ridiculous,-
As love is full of unbefitting strains,
All wanton as a child, skipping and vain,
Form'd by the eye and therefore, like the eye,
Full of strange shapes, of habits and of forms,
Varying in subjects as the eye doth roll
To every varied object in his glance:
Which parti-coated presence of loose love
Put on by us, if, in your heavenly eyes,
Have misbecomed our oaths and gravities,
Those heavenly eyes, that look into these faults,
Suggested us to make. Therefore, ladies, 780
Our love being yours, the error that love makes
Is likewise yours: we to ourselves prove false,
By being once false for ever to be true
To those that make us both,-fair ladies, you:
And even that falsehood, in itself a sin,
Thas purifies itself and turns to grace.

Prin. We have received your letters full of love;

Your favors, the ambassadors of love;
And, in our maiden council, rated them

At courtship, pleasant jest and courtesy, 790
As bombast and as lining to the time:
But more devout than this in our respects
Have we not been; and therefore inet your
loves

In their own fashion, like a merriment.
Dum. Our letters, madam, show'd much
more than jest.
Long. So did our looks.
Ros.

We did not quote them so. King. Now, at the latest minute of the hour,

Grant us your loves.

Prin.
A time, methinks, too short
To make a world-without-end bargain in.
No, no, my lord, your grace is perjured much,
Full of dear guiltiness; and therefore this: 801
If for my love, as there is no such cause,
You will do aught, this shall you do for me:
Your oath I will not trust; but go with speed
To some forlorn and naked hermitage,
Remote from all the pleasures of the world;
There stay until the twelve celestial signs
Have brought about the annua. reckoning.
If this austere insociable life

Change not your offer made in heat of blood;
If frosts and fasts, hard lodging and thin weeds
Nip not the gaudy blossoms of your love,
But that it bear this trial and last love;
Then, at the expiration of the year,
Come challenge me, challenge me by these
deserts,

And, by this virgin palm now kissing thine,
I will be thine; and till that instant shut
My woeful self up in a mourning house,
Raining the tears of lamentation

For the remembrance of my father's death. 820
If this thou do deny, let our hands part,
Neither intitled in the other's heart.

King. If this, or more than this, I would deny,

To flatter up these powers of mine with rest, The sudden hand of death close up mine eye! Hence ever then my heart is in thy breast. [Biron. And what to me, my love? and what to me?

Ros. You must be purged too, your sins are rack'd,

You are attaint with faults and perjury:
Therefore if you my favor mean to get,

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A twelvemonth shall you spend, and never rest,
But seek the weary beds of people sick.]
Dum. But what to me, my love? but what
to me?

A wife?

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me:

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Behold the window of my heart, mine eye,
What humble suit attends thy answer there :
Impose some service on me for thy love.
Ros. Oft have I heard of you, my Lord
Biron,

Before I saw you; and the world's large tongue
Proclaims you for a man replete with mocks,
Fall of comparisons and wounding flouts,
Which you on all estates will execute
That lie within the mercy of your wit.
To weed this wormwood from your fruitful
brain,

And therewithal to win me, if you please,
Without the which I am not to be won,
You shall this twelvemonth term from day to
day
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Visit the speechless sick and still converse
With groaning wretches; and your task shall
be,

With all the fierce endeavor of your wit
To enforce the pained impotent to smile.
Biron. To move wild laughter in the throat
of death?

It cannot be; it is impossible:
Mirth cannot move a soul in agony.

Rs. Why, that's the way to choke a gibing spirit,

Whose influence is begot of that loose grace Which shallow laughing hearers give to fools: A jest's prosperity lies in the ear

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Of him that hears it, never in the tongue
Of him that makes it: then, if sickly ears,
Deafd with the clamors of their own dear

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When icicles hang by the wall

And Dick the shepherd blows his nail And Tom bears logs into the hall

And milk comes frozen home in pail
When blood is nipp'd and ways be foul,
Then nightly sings the staring owl,
Tu-whit;

Tu-who, a merry note,
While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.
When all aloud the wind doth blow
And coughing drowns the parson's saw
And birds sit brooding in the snow

And Marian's nose looks red and raw,
When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl,
Then nightly sings the staring owl,
Tu-whit;

Tu-who, a merry note,
While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.

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THE COMEDY OF ERRORS.

(WRITTEN ABOUT 1591.

INTRODUCTION.

This is Shakespeare's one farcical play. Its sources of laughter lie almost wholly in the situa tions and incidents, hardly at all in the characters. The spectator of the play is called upon to accept much that is improbable and all but impossible; not, as in A Midsummer Night's Dream, for the sake of freer play of imagination, and because the world pictured by the poet is a fairy-world of romantic beauty and grotesqueness, but for the sake of mere fun and laughter-stirring surprises. So cleverly, however, are the incidents and persons entangled and disentangled, so rapidly does surprise follow surprise, that we are given no time to raise difficulties or ofler objections. The subject of the comedy is the same as that of the Menaechmi of Plautus-mistakes of identity arising from the likeness of twin-born children. How Shakespeare made acquaintance with Plautus has not been ascertained; possibly through William Warner's translation of the Menaechmi, seen in manuscript before its publication in 15.5; more probably through an earlier play, not now extant. To the twins of the Menaechmi, Shakespeare has added a second pair of brothers, the twins Dromio. This does not make the improbability of the whole seem greater, but rather the reverse; for the fun is doubled, and where so much is incredible we are carried away and have no wish but to yield ourselves up to belief in the incredible for the time being, so as to enter thoroughly into the jest. Shakespeare added other characters-the Duke Solinus (when he can he always introduces a duke), Egeon, Balthazar, Angelo, the Abbess, and Luciana; and he alters the character of the married brother, Antipholus, from the repulsive Menaechmus of Plautus, with whom we can have little sympathy, into a person who at least is not base and vicious. The scene he transfers from Epidamnum to Ephesus, that city which had an evil repute for its roguery, licentiousness, and magical practices, a city in which such errors might be supposed to be the result of sorcery and witchcraft. (See Act I., Sc. H., L. 97--102.) To Shakespeare belongs wholly the serious background, from which the farcical incidents stand out in relief-the story of the Syracusan merchant who almost forfeits his life in the search for his lost children, and finally recovers both the lost ones and his own liberty. The date of the play cannot be exactly determined, but it is certainly one of the very earliest. "In what part of her body stands France ?" asks Antipholus of Syracuse, questioning Dromio about the kitchen-wench, who is so large and round that she has been compared to a globe; and Dromio answers: "In her forehead, armed and reverted, making war against her hair." (Act III., Sc. II., L. 125–127). France was in a state of civil war, fighting for and against her heir, Heuri IV., from August, 1589, until shortly before his coronation in February, 1594. In 1591, Henri received the assistance of troops from England, commanded by the Earl of Essex.

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If any born at Ephesus be seen
At any Syracusian marts and fairs;
Again: if any Syracusian born
Come to the bay of Ephesus, he dies,
His goods confiscate to the duke's dispose,
Unless a thousand marks be levied,
To quit the penalty and to ransom him.
Thy substance, valued at the highest rate,
Camot amount unto a hundred marks;
Therefore by law thou art condemned to die.
Ege. Yet this my comfort: when your
words are done,

My woes end likewise with the evening sun.
Duke. Well, Syracusian, say in brief the

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We came aboard.

A league from Epidamnum had we sail'd,
Before the always wind-obeying deep
Gave any tragic instance of our harm:
But longer did we not retain much hope;
For what obscured light the heavens did grant
Did but convey unto our fearful minds
A doubtful warrant of immediate death;
Which though myself would gladly have em-
braced,

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Yet the incessant weepings of my wife,
Weeping before for what she saw must come,
And piteous plainings of the pretty babes,
That mourn'd for fashion, ignorant what to
fear,

Forced me to seek delays for them and me.
And this it was, for other means was none :
The sailors sought for safety by our boat,
And left the ship, then sinking-ripe, to us
My wife, more careful for the latter-born,
Had fasten'd him unto a small spare mast, 80
Such as seafaring men provide for storms;
To him one of the other twins was bound,
Whilst I had been like heedful of the other;
The children thus disposed, my wife and I,
Fixing our eyes on whom our eare was fix'd,
Fasten'd ourselves at either end the mast;
And floating straight, obedient to the stream,
Was carried towards Corinth, as we thought.
At length the sun, gazing upon the earth,
Dispersed those vapors that offended us;
And, by the benefit of his wished light,
The seas wax'd calm, and we discovered
Two ships from far making amain to us,
Of Corinth that, of Epidaurus this:
But ere they came,-Ö, let me say no more!
Gather the sequel by that went before.

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Duke. Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so;

For we may pity, though not pardon thee.
Ege. O, had the gods done so, I had not

now

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Worthily term'd them merciless to us!
For, ere the ships could meet by twice five
leagues,

We were encounter'd by a mighty rock;
Which being violently borne upon,
Our helpful ship was splitted in the midst
So that, in this unjust divorce of us,
Fortune had left to both of us alike
What to delight in, what to sorrow for.
Her part, poor soul! seeming as burdened
With lesser weight but not with lesser woe,
Was carried with more speed before the wind;
And in our sight they three were taken up 111
By fishermen of Corinth, as we thought.
At length, another ship had seized on us ;
And, knowing whom it was their hap to save,
Gave healthful welcome to their shipwreck'd

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