to make the speaker feel glad, and not sorry, that she had spoken." She also employed herself at this time, as afterwards, in composition. She published in 1839 a translation of Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe, and in 1841 the Letters of Gunderode and Bettine. The two first volumes of the Dial were edited by her in 1840-11. For this quarterly publication, supported by the writings of Emerson and his friends, she wrote papers on Goethe, Beethoven, the Rhine and Romaic ballads, and the poems of Sterling. The Dial made a reputation for itself and its conductors; but they might have starved on its products. Emerson tells us that "as editor she received a compensation which was intended to be two hundred dollars per annum, but which, I fear, never reached even that amount." In 1849 che travelled to the West, to Lake Superior and Michigan, and published an account of the journey, full of subtle reflection, and with some studies of the Indian character, in the buʊk entitled Summer on the Lakes. 1.M. Julle In 1844 Margaret Fuller came to New York, induced by an offer of well paid, regular employment upon the Tribune newspaper. She resided in the family of Mr. Greeley, in a picturesquely situated Louse on the East river, one of the last footholds of the old rural beauties of the island falling before the rapid mercantile encroachments of the city. Here she wrote a series of somewhat sketchy but always forcible criticisms on the higher literature of the day, a complete collection of which would add to her reputation. A portion of them were included in the volume from her pen, Papers on Literature and Art, published in New York in 1846. Her work entitled Woman in the Nineteenth Century was published at this time from the Tribune office. In the spring of 1846 she accompanied her friends, Mr. Marcus Spring of Brooklyn, New York, and his wife to Europe. Her contributions to the Tribune were continued in letters from England and the Continent. She saw the chief literary celebrities, Wordsworth, De Quincey, Chalmers, and Carlyle. At Paris sho became in timate with George Sand. At Rome she took part in the hopes and revolutionary movements of Mazzini, and when the revolution broke out was appointed by the Roman commissioner for the service of the wounded, during the siege by the French troops, to the charge of the hospitalof the Fate-Bene Fratelli. In a letter to Emerson dated June, 1849, she describes her visits to the sick and wounded, and her walks with the convalescents in the beautiful gardens of the Pope's palace on the Quirinal:-The gardener plays of all his water-works for the defenders of the country, and gathers flowers for me, their friend." At this time she acquainted her mother with her marriage. Shortly after her arrival at Rome, in 1847, she had been separated on the evening of Holy Thursday from her companions at vespers in St. Peter's. A stranger, an Italian, seeing her perplexity, offered his assistance. This was the son of the Marquis Ossoli. The acquaintance was continued, and Ossoli offered his hand. He was at first refused, but afterwards they were married in December, after the death of his father. The marriage was for a while kept secret, on the ground that the avowal of his union with a person well known as a liberal would render him liable to exile by the government, while he might. by ocere.1, be ready to avail himself of employment under the new administration then looked forward to. September 5, 1848, their child, Angelo, was born at Rieti among the mountains. The fortunes of the revolution being now broken by the occupation of the French, Ossoli with his wife and child left Rome on their way to America. They passed some time in Florence, and on the 17th May, 1850, einbarked from Leghorn in the ship Elizabeth, bound for New York. The captain fell ill of small-pox, and died the 3d of June, off Gibraltar. On the 9th they set sail again; the child sickened of the disease and recovered; on the 15th of July the vessel was off the Jersey coast, and the passengers made their preparations for arriving in port the next day. That night the wind increased to a gale of great violence. The ship was driven past Rockaway to the beach of Fire Island, where, early on the morning of the 16th, she struck upon the sand. The bow was elevated and the passengers took refuge in the forecastle, the sea sweeping over the vessel. Some of the passengers were saved by floating ashore on a plank. One of them, Horace Sumner of Boston, perished in the attempt. It was proposed to Margret to make the trial. She would not be separated from her husband and child, but would wait for the life-boat. It never came. The forecastle became filled with water. The small party left went on the deck by the foremast. A sea struck the quarter. The vessel was entirely broken up. The dead body of the child floated to the shore; the husband and wife were lost in the sea. This happened at nine o'clock in the morning, in mid-summer of the year, and at a place the usual resort at that time of pleasureloving citizens. As if to enhance the sudden contrast of life and death the disaster took place within full sight of the people on the shore. The simple expedient of passing a rope to the land, attached to a barrel, at the proper time, might, one of the most experienced of those present told us, have saved every life: but the captain was not there. It was known that Madame Ossoli had with her the manuscript of a History of the Revolution in Italy, which her study of the people, her knowledge of the leaders, her love of freedom, and participation in the struggle, well qualified her to write. Diligent search was made for it among the property which came a-hore from the wreck, but it could not be found. The waves had closed over that too-which might long have survived the longest term of life. So perished this intellectual, sympathetic, kind, generous, noble-hearted woman. The materials for the study of her life are ample in the jointly prepared Memoirs by her friends, the Rev. James Freeman Clarke, the Rev. F. II. Hedge, the Rev. W. II. Channing, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. These able writers have taken separate portions of her career, with which they have been particularly acquainted, for illustration, and the result is a biography preservative of far more than is usually kept for posterity of the peculiar moods and humors of so individual a life. A DIALOGUE. POET. Approach me not, man of cold, steadfast eye and compressed lips. At thy coming nature shrouds herself in dull mist; fain would she hide her sighs and smiles, her buds and fruits even in a veil of snow. For thy unkindly breath, as it pierces her mystery, destroys its creative power. The bir is draw back into their nests, the sunset hues into their clouds, when you are seen in the distance with your tablets all really to write them into prose. CRITIC. O my brother, my benefactor, do not thus repel me. Interpret me rather to our common mother; let her not avert her eves fro:n a younger child. I know I can never be dear to her as thou art, yet I am her child, nor would the fatel revolu tions of existeace be fulfilled without my aid. POET. How meanest thou? What have thy measuremets, thy artificial divisions and classifientions, to do with the natural revolutions? In all real growths there is a "give and take" of unerring accuracy; in all the a ts of thy life there is falsity, for all are negative. Why do you not receive and produce in your kind, like the sunbeam and the rose? Then new light would be brought out, were it but the life of a wed, to bear witness to the healthful beatings of the divine heart. But this perpetual analysis, comparison, and classification, never add one atom to the sun of existence. CRITIC. I understand you. POET. Yes, that is always the way. You understand me, who never have the arrogance to pretend that I understand myself. CRITIC. Why should you?-that is my province. I am the rock which gives you back the echo. I am the tuning-key, which harmonizes your instrument, the regulator to your watch. Who would speak, if no ear heard? nay, if no mind knew what the ear hear if POET. I do not wish to be heard in thought but in love, to be recognise in judgment but in life. I would pour forth my melodies to the rejoicing winds, I would scatter my seed to the tender earth. I do not wish to hear in prose the meaning of my melody. I do not wish to see my seed neatly put away be neath a paper label. Answer in new peans to the soul of our souls. Wake me to sweeter childhood by a fresher growth. At present you are but au ex erescence produced by my life; depart, self-conscious Egotist, I know you not. CRITIC. Dost thou so alore Nature, and yet deny me? Is not Art the child of Nature, Civilization of Man? As Religion into Philosophy, Poetry into Criticism, Life into Science, Love into Law, so did thy lyric in natural order transmute itself into my review. POLT. Review! Science! the very etymology speaks. What is gained by looking again at what has already been seen? What by giving a technical classification to what is already assimilated with the imental liter CRITIC. What is gained by living at all? POET. Beauty loving itself,-Happiness! CRITIC. Does not this involve consciousness? POET. Yes! consciousness of Truth manifested in the individual form. CRITIC. Since consciousness is tolerated, how will you limit it? POT. By the instincts of my nature, which rejects yours as arrogant and superfluous. CRITIC. And the dictate of my nature compels me to the processes which you despise, as essential to my peace. My brother (for I will not be rejecte), I claim ny place in the order of nature. The Word descended and became flesh for two purposes, to organize itself, and to take cognizance of its organization. When the first Poet worked alone, he pause between the cantos to proclaim, “It is very good." Dividing himself among men, he made some to create, and others to proclaim the merits of what is created. POLT. Well! if you were content with saying, "it is very good;" but you are always crying, "it is very bad" or ignorantly prescribing how it might be better. What do you know of it? Whatever is good could not be otherwise than it is. Why will you not take what suits you, and leave the rest? True communion of thought is worship, not criticism. Spirit will not flow through the sluices nor endure the locks of canals. CRITIC. There is perpetual need of protestantism in every church. If the church be catholic, yet the priest is not infallible. Like yourself, I sigh for a perfectly natural state, in which the only criticism shall be tacit rejection, even as Venus glides not into the orbit of Jupiter, nor do the fishes seek to dwell in fire. But as you soar towards this as a Maker, so do I toil towards the same aim as a Seeker. Your pinions will not upbear you towards it in steady flight. I must often stop to cut away the brambles from my path. The law of my being is on me, and the ideal standard seeking to be realized in my mind bids me demand perfection from all I see. To say how far each object answers this demand is my criticism. POET. If one object does not satisfy you, pass on to another, and say nothing. CRITIC. It is not so that it would be well with me. I must penetrate the secret of my wishes, verify the justice of my reasonings. I must examine, compare, sift, and winnow; what can bear this or deal remains to me as pure gold. I cannot pass on till I know what I feel and why. An object that defies my utmost rigor of scrutiny is a new step ou the stair I am making to the Olympian tables. POET. I think you will not know the gods when you get there, if I may judge from the cold presumption I feel in your version of the great facts of literature. CRITIC. Statement of a part always looks like ig nora'ice, when compared with the whole, yet may promise the whole, Consider that a part implies the whole, as the everlasting No the everlasting Yes, and permit to exist the shadow of your light, the register of your inspiration. As he spake the word he paused, for with it his companion vanished, and left floating on the cloud a starry banner with the inscription "Afflatur Numine." The Critic unfolded one on whose flag staff he had been leaning. Its heavy folds of pearly gray satin slowly unfolding, gave to view the word NOTITIA, and Causarum would have followed, when a sudden breeze from the west eaught it, those heavy folds fell back round the poor man, and stifled him probably,-at least he has never since been heard of JAMES H. PERKINS. settled support, when the failure of his publisher induced him to engage in rural life. Failing in the scheme of a plantation on the Ohio he took a few acres near Cincinnati with the view of raising a nursery of fruit trees. To acquire information publication of two books which he meditated on in this new line, and make arrangements for the the "Constitutional Opinions of Judge Marshall," and "Reminiscences of the St. Domingo Insurrection," or which his father had been an eye-wituess, he paid a visit to New England. Neither of his plans was carried out; but a new and honorable career was found for him on his return to Cincinnati in the performance of the duty of Minister at Large, a mission of benevolence to which he devoted the remainder of his life. He brought his characteristic fervor to the work, and gave a practical direction to the charities of the city; almsgiving, in his view, being but subordinate to the elevation of the poor in the self-respect and re JAMES HANDASYD PERKINS, a writer of an acute mind and versatile powers, was born in Boston July 31, 1810. His parents were Samuel G. Perkins and Barbara Higginson. He was educated by Mr. S. P. Miles, afterwards a tutor of mathematies at Harvard, and at the Phillips Academy at Exeter, and the Round Hill school at Northampwards of labor. He also identified himself with ton. He wrote clever tales and verses at this period, humorous and sentimental. At the age of eighteen he entered the countinghouse of his uncle, Mr. Thomas H. Perkins, who was engaged in the Canton trade. He remained faithful to the discharge of the routine duties of this ocupation for more than two years. The necessities of a poetic and naturally despondent nature, however, grew upon him, and demanded other employment for his faculties. In the winter of 1830 he found relief in a business tour to England and thence to the West Indies, of which his faithful friend and biographer, Mr. William Henry Channing, has preserved some interesting memorials. His letters on the journey are spirited and abounding with character, thoughtful on serious points and amusing in the lighter. Returning home in the summer of 1831, he abandoned mercantile life and sought a home in the West. He took up his residence at Cincinnati, and devoted his attention to the study of the law with his friend the Hon. Timothy Walker. He studied laboriously and conscientiously; but the toil was too severe in the practice of the profession for an infirm constitution, and a scrupulous conscience was still more in the way. Ilis pen offered the next field, and he laid on the shifting foundation of the magazines and newspapers some of the corner-stones of the "Literature of the West." He conducted the Western Monthly Magazine, and edited the Evening Chronicle, a weekly paper which he purchased in the winter of 1855, and united with the Cincinnati Mirror then published by Mr. William D. Gallagher and Mr. Thomas H. Shreve, who has been since prominently associated with the Louisville Gazette. The last mentioned gentleman remarks of his friend's powers, Had Mr. Perkins devoted himself to humorous literature he would have stood at the head of American writers in that line."* llis fancy was fresh and original; and his descriptive talent, as exhibited in Mr. Channing's collec tion of his writings, a pleasurable and ready faculty. Literature, however meritorious, was hardly, under the circumstances, a suflicient reliance. Mr. Perkins was now a married man in need of a • Channing's Memoir and Writings of Perkins, 1. 91. the cause of prison discipline and reform, and gave much attention to education. He was a generous supporter of the Mercantile Library Association of Cincinnati. He was the first President of the Cincinnati Historical Society in 1844, and was afterwards Vice-President of the Ohio Historical Society; his fondness for the latter pursuits being liberally witnessed by his publication, The Annals of the West, and his subsequent series of historical sketches of that region in the North American Review from 1839 to 1847, characterized by their research and excellent descriptive style.* In the latter part of his life, Mr. Perkins interested himself in a plan of Christian Union, to which he was led by his quick sensitive mind. His death, December 14, 1849, was under melancholy circumstances. He had been thrown, during the day, into a state of nervous agitation by the supposed loss of his children, who had failed to return home at a time appointed, and in the evening he proposed a walk to recover his spirits. He took his course to a ferry-boat on the river, and in a state of depres-ion threw himself into the stream and was drowned. Thus closed the career of a man of subtle pow. ers, keen and delicate perceptions, of honorable attainments in literature, and of philanthropic usefulness in the business affairs of society. From the few verses preserved in the interesting memoirs by Mr. Channing, who has traced his career with an unaffected admiration of his virtues, and with the warmth of personal friendship, we select two passages which exhibit something of the nature of the man. POVERTY AND KNOWLEDGE Ah, dearest, we are young and strong, The articles are, Fifty Years of Ohio, July, 1889: Early French Travellers in the West, January, 1889; English Disco veries in the Ohio Valley, July, 1689; The Border War of the Revolution, October, 1839; The Ploncers of Kentucky, Janu. ary, 1846; Settlement of the North-Western Territory, October, 1847. He also wrote for the North American Review of January, 1850, an article on Australia and for the New York Review, July, 1889, an article on The French Revolution. Yet, my dear wife, there is a might That may bid poverty defiance,- Armed with her sceptre, to an hour We may condense whole years and ages; Bid the departed, by her power, Arise, and talk with seers and sages Her word, to teach us, may bid stop The noonday sun; yea, she is able To make an ocean of a drop, Or spread a kingdom on our table. In her great name we need but call Scott, Schiller, Shakspeare, and, behold! The suffering Mary smiles on all, And Falstaff riots as of old. Then, wherefore should we leave this hearth, Or mourn that poverty hath bound us? We have our hearts, our heads, our hands, Enough to live on,-friends around us,And, more than all, have hope and love. Ah, dearest, while those last, be sure That, if there be a God above, We are not and cannot be poor! BENSON J. LOSSING. BENSON J. LOSSING, the son of a farmer, was born in the town of Beekman, Dutchess County, N. Y. His paternal ancestors came from Holland in 1670, and were the first settlers in the county. His maternal ancestors were among the early English settlers on Long Island, who came from Massachusetts Bay and interinarried with the Dutch at New Amsterdam, now New York. At a common district school Mr. Lossing received a meagre portion of the elementary branches of an English education. After the death of his mother, young Lossing, after passing a short time on a farm, in the autumn of 1826, was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Poughkeepsie, the county town of his native place. So satisfactory had his conduct been during this period, that before the expiration of his apprenticeship his employer made him an offer of partnership in his business, which was accepted. Denson ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG CHILD. Stand back, uncovered stand, for lo! He came, a herald from above,— Pure from his God he came to them, And, like the boy of Bethlehem, They learned a new, more heavenly joy, But though the tears must flow, the heart Ye did not from your infant part Upon his Father's errand lie, Your own dear, bright, unearthly boy, And from this fount of bitter grief O, may this be your faith and your relief! Then will the world be full of him; the sky, Believe in him, behold him everywhere, Quick and more quick, till, welcomed there above, OL. 11.-34 my Meantime, he devoted every moment of leisure to study, although opportunities as yet for obtaining books were extremely limited. Ilis business connexion proving unsuccessful he relinquished it, after an experiment of upwards of two years; and in the autumn of 1835, he became joint owner and editor of the Poughkeepsie Telegraph, the leading weekly paper of the county. The co-partnership of Killey and Lossing continued for six years. In January, 1836, was commenced the publication of a small semi-monthly paper entirely devoted to literature, entitled The Poughkeepsie Caske, which was solely edited by Mr. Los ing.. The Casket was a great favorite throughout Dutchess and the neighboring counties, and gave evident token of the correct taste and sound judg ment of its youthful editor. Having, moreover, a taste for art, and being desirous of illustrating his little periodical, Mr. Lossing placed himself under the tuition of J. A. Adams, the eminent woodengraver in the city of New York, pleased with the practical application of engraving to his editorial business. The same autumn he went to New York to seek improvement in the use of the pen cil by drawing in the Academy of Design. About this time, Mr. Lossing was called upon to undertake the editorship of the Family Magazine, which work he also illustrated in a superior manner. He now became permanently settled in New York as an engraver, but continued his business connexion in Poughkeepsie until the autumn of 1841. While engaged throughout the day in his increasing engraving business, he performed his editorial labors at night and early in the morning, and at the same period, during the winter of 1840-11, wrote a valuable little volume entitled An Outline History of the Fine Arts, which was published as No. 108 of Harpers' Fa mily Library. In the autumn of 1846, he wrote a book entitled Seventeen Hundred and SeventySix, consi-ting of upwards of five hundred pages royal octavo, and illustrated by seventy engrav ings; and shortly after, produced three biographical and historical pamphlets of upwards of one hundred pages each; together with the Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, a duodecimo volume of over four hundred pages. This, and the subsequent year, he also edited a small paper entitled The Young People's Mirror, published by Edward Walker, which met with a ready reception from that class of the community. biographical articles in which his pen and pencil are equally employed. ANN 8. STEPHIENS. Sho Mrs. STEPHENS is a native of Connecticut. married at an early age and removed to Portland, Maine, where she commenced and continued for some time, the Portland Magazine. In 1836 she edited the Portland Sketch Book, a collection of Miscellanies by the writers of the state. She afterwards removed with her husband to New York, where she has since resided. Ahn Dapiben A tale from her pen, Mary Derwent, won a prize of four hundred dollars offered by one of the periodicals, and its publication brought the author prominently forward as a popular writer for the magazines, to which she has contributed a large number of tales, sketches, and poems. Her last and most elaborate work is the novel of Fashion and Famine, a story of the contrasts of city life. It is of the intense school, and contains many scenes of questionable taste and probability, with much that is excellent in description and the delineation of character. One of the best drawn In June, 1848, Mr. Los-ing conceived the idea and plan of the Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution. He defined the size of the propesed pages; drew some rough sketches in sepia as indications of the manner in which he intended to introduce the illustrations, and with a general description of the plan of his work, submitted it to the consideration of the Messrs. Harper and Brothers. Four days afterwards they had concluded a bargain with him, involving an expenditure of much labor and many thousands of dollars; and something within a month afterwards Mr. Lossing was on his way to the battle-fields and other localities of interest connected with the war for Independence. In the collection of his materials, he travelled upwards of nine thousand miles, not in a continuous journey from place to place, but a series of journeys, undertaken whenever he could leave his regular business, the supervision of which he never omitted. Although the Field Book was upwards personages of the Look is a well to do and kindly of four years in hand, yet the aggregato time oc-huckster woman of Fulton Market. The scenes cupied in travelling, making sketches and notes, drawing a large portion of the pictures on the blocks for engraving, and writing the work, was enly about twenty months. The work was pubEshed in thirty numbers, the first issued on the first of June, 1850; the last in December, 1852. It was just beginning to be widely and generally known, and was enjoying a rapidly increasing sale, when the great conflagration of the Harpers' establishment in 1853 destroyed the whole remainder of the edition. It was out of print for a year, but a new and revised edition was put to press in March, 1855. During portions of 1852-54, Mr. Lossing devoted much time to the preparation of an Illustrated History of the United States for schools and families; and early in 1855 completed a work of four hundred pages which he entitled Our Country mea, containing numerous brief sketches with portraits on wood of remarkable persons eminent by their connexion with the history of the United States. During the last three years, Mr. Lossing has been engaged in collecting materials for an elaborate illustrated history of the war of 1812, and also a history of the French Empire in America; each to be uniform in size of page and style with his Field Book. He has also formed an association with Mr. Lyman C. Draper, well known throughout the west as an indefatigable collector of traditions, manuscripts, journals, letters, &c., relating to the history and biography of the settlements and settlers beyond the Alleganies, for the purpose of producing a series of volumes commencing with the life of Daniel Boone. Mr. Lossing has also contributed many valuable papers to various publications of the day, especially to Harpers' Magazine, in a series of American about her stall, and at the farm whose abundance constantly replenishes her stock, are in a pleasant vein. The chief interest of the plot centres on a trial for murder, and the scenes connected with it are written with energy and effect. We present the introduction of the Strawberry Girl to the market-woman in the opening secne of the book. THE STRAWBERRY GIRL Like wild flowers on the mountain side, Yet intellect, in all its pride, To meet so much of Heaven on earth, The morning had not fully dawned on New York, yet its approach was visible everywhere amid the piled above Weehawken were warming up with fine scenery around the city. The dim shadows purple, streaked here and there with threads of rosy gold. The waters of the Hudson heaved and rippled to the glow of yellow and crimson light, that came and went in flashes on each idle curl of the waves, Long Island lay in the near distance like a thick, purplish cloud, through which the dim outline of house, tree, mast and spire loomed mistily, like halfformed objects on a camera obscura. Filence that strange, dead silence that broods over a scene crowded with slumbering life-lay upon the city, broken only by the rumble of vegetable carts and the jar of milk-cans, as they rolled up from the different ferries; or the half-sinothered roar of some steamboat putting into its dock, freighted with sleeping passengers. After a little, symptoms of aroused life became visible about the wharves. Grocers, carinen, and huckster-women began to swarm around the provision bonts. The markets nearest the water were opened, and soon became theatres of active bustle. The first market opened that day was in Fulton |