equst to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector. 3. The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed. and if there be more than one who have such a majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote. A quorum, for this purpose, shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to :. choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President, But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.* 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 5. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed or a President dent shall be elected. 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Section 2-(President to be Commander-inChief. He may require opinions of Cabinet Officers, etc., may pardon. Treaty-making power. Nomination of certain officers. When President may fill vacancies.) 1. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States: he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall sh appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Bupreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies they may happen during the recess of the Senate by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. Section 3 (President shall communicate to Congress. He may convene and adjourn Congress, in case of disagreement, etc. Shall receive Ambassadors, execute laws, and commission officers.) He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient: he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed. and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Section 4-(All civil offices forfeited for certain crimes.) The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. Section 1-(Judicial powers. Tenure. Compensation.) The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Section 2 (Judicial power; to what cases it extends. Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court. Appellate. Trial by jury, etc. Trial, where.) 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party: to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Section 3-(Treason defined. Proof of. Punishment of.) 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason. but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture except during the life of the person attained. ARTICLE IV. Section 1-(Each State to give credit to the public acts, etc., of every other State.) Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Section 2-(Privileges of citizens of each State. Fugitives from justice to be delivered up. Persons held to service having escaped, to be delivered up.) 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the * This clause is superseded by Article XII., Amendments. Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may may be due. Section 3-(Admission of new States. Power of Congress over territory and other property.) 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress Into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4-(Republican form of government guaranteed. Each State to be protected.) The United States shall guarantee to every State In this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. (Constitution; how amended. Proviso.) The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress, provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the First Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. (Certain debts, etc., declared valid. Supremacy of Constitution, treaties, and laws of the United States. Oath to support Constitution, by whom taken. No religious test.) 1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. 2. This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. (What ratification shall establish Constitution.) The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con in either case, shall be valid to all intents and pur-stitution between the States so ratifying the same. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Opposition in and out of Congress to the Constitution, in that it was not sufficiently explicit as to individual and State rights, led to an agreement to submit to the people immediately after the adoption of the Constitution a number of safeguarding amendments. And so it was that the First Congress, at its first session, at the City of New York, Sept. 25, 1789, adopted and submitted to the States twelve proposed amendments-A Bill of Rights, as it was then and ever since has been popularly called. Ten of these amendments (now commonly known as one to ten inclusive, but in reality three to twelve inclusive) were ratified by the States as followsNew Jersey, Nov. 20, 1789; Maryland, Dec. 19, 1789; North Carolina, Dec. 22, 1789; South Carolina, Jan. 19, 1790; New Hampshire, Jan. 25, 1790; Delaware, Jan. 28, 1790: Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790: New York, March 27, 1790; Rhode Island, June 15, 1790; Vermont, Nov. 3, 1791; Virginia, Dec. 15, 1791. No ratification by Connecticut, Georgia or Massachusetts is on record. These original ten ratified amendments appear in order below as Articles I. to X. inclusive. The two of the original proposed amendments which were not ratified by the necessary number of States related, the first to apportionment of Representatives: the second, to compensation of members of Congress. TITLES OF NOBILITY. Congress, May 1, 1810, proposed to the States the following Amendment to the Constitution: "If any citizen of the United States shall accept claim, receive, or retain any title of nobility or honor, or shall, without the consent of Congress. accept and retain any present, pension, office, or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them or either of them." It was ratified by Maryland, Dec. 25, 1810: Kentucky, Jan. 31, 1811; Ohio, Jan. 31, 1811; Delaware, Feb. 2, 1811; Pennsylvania, Feh. 6 1811; New Jersey, Feb. 13, 1811; Vermont, Oct 24, 1811; Tennessee, Nov. 21, 1811; Georgia, Det. 13, 1811; North Carolina, Dec. 23, 1811; Massachusetts, Feb. 27, 1812; New Hampshire, Dec. 10, 1812. Rejected by New York (Senate), March Connecticut, May session, 1813; Scu approved by Senate Nov. 28. 1811, favorably in House and not further Dec. 7. 1813; Rhode Island, Sept. 15. 154. The amendment failed, not having ratifications. AMENDMENT TO PROHIBIT THE CONSTITUTION FROM ABOLISHIN( Congress, March 2, 1861. proposed to the States the following Amendment to the Constitution: "No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State." Ratified by Ohio, March 13, 1861; Maryland, Jan. 10, 1862; Illinois (convention), Feb. 14, 1862. The amendment failed, for lack of a sufficient number of ratifications. THE TEN ORIGINAL AMENDMENTS. (They were declared in force December 15, 1791.) ARTICLE I. Religious Establishment Prohibited Congress shall make no law respecting an estab- s; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Gove ARTICLE IL. Right to Keep and Bear A well-regulated militia being ne No Soldier to Be Quartered in .3 No soldier shall. in time of peace, Right of Search and Seizure Rev'alated. The right of the people to be 1 LAW ARTICLE V. Concerning Provisions Without Compensation. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or wther infamous crime unless on a presentment or dietment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in etual service, in time of war or public danger; nor ball any person be subject for the same offense to be atce put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be comled in any criminal case to be a witness against mself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property le taken for public use without just compensation, ARTICLE ΧΙ. Judicial Powers Construed. The following amendment was proposed to the Legis res of the several States by the Third Congress on The 5th of March, 1794, and was declared to have been rafted in a message from the President to Congress, Cased Jan. 8, 1798. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. ARTICLE ΧΙΙ. Manner of Choosing President and The following amendment was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Eighth Congress on The 12th of December, 1805, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated September 25, 1804. It was ratified by all the States except Connecticul, Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, cae of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their hallots the person voted for as President, and in disAnet ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct list of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as VicePresident, and of the number of votes for each, which fist they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed. to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Repre- epresentatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the VicePresident shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Slavery Abolished. The following amendment was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-eighth Congress on the 1st of February, 1865, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State dated December 18, 1865. It was rejected by Delaware and Kentucky: was conditionally ratified by Alabama and Mississippi: and Texas took no action. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdic tion. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Citizenship Rights Not to Be Abridged. The following, popularly known as the Reconstruction Amendment, was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth Congress on the 16th of June, 1866, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated July 25, 1868. The amendment got the support of 23 Northern States: it was rejected by Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and 10 Southern States. California took no action. Subsequently it was ratified by the 10 Southern States. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Apportionment of Representatives in Congress. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male members of such State, being of twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Power of Congress to Remove Disabilities of United States Officials for Rebellion. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President or holding any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. What Public Debts Are Valid. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or eman cipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. Equal Rights for White and Colored Citizens. The following amendment was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Fortieth Congress on the 27th of February, 1869, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870. It was not acted on by Tennessee: it was rejected by California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Oregon: ratified by the remaining 30 States. New York rescinded its ratification January 5, 1870. New Jersey rejected it in 1870, but ratified it in 1871. 1. The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce the provisions of this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XVI. Income Taxes Authorized. The following amendment was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-first Congress on the 12th day of July, 1909, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated February 25, 1913. The income tax amendment was ratified by all the States except Connecticut, Florida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, and Virginia. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever sources derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. ARTICLE XVII. United States Senators to Be Elected by The following amendment was proposed to the Legitslatures of the several States by the Sixty-second Congress on the 16th day of May, 1912, and was declared to have been ratified in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated May 31, 1913. It got the vote of all the States except Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Virginia. 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislatures. Vacancies in Senatorships, When Governor May Fill by Appointment. 2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the Legislature of any State may empower the Executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election as the Legislature may direct. 3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. ARTICLE XVIII. Liquor Prohibition Amendment. The following amendment was proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-fifth Congress, December 18, 1917: and on January 29, 1919, the United States Secretary of State proclaimed its adoption by 36 States, and declared it in effect on January 16, 1920. The amendment ultimately was adopted by all the States except Connecticut, New Jersey and Rhode Island. Enforcement of the National Prohibition Act seas effect at 12 P. M., January 16, 1920, except as certain sections of Title II. wherein other dates specified. Early in 1920, the validity of the Eighteenth Amer ment was upheld by the Supreme Court of the ひな States, in suits to vold, brought by the States of Rh Island and New Jersey, and by various brewers a distillers. 1. After one year from the ratification of t article the manufacture, sale, or transportation intoxicating liquors within, the importation there into, or the exportation thereof from the Unite States and all territory subject to the jurisdictio thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibite 2. The Congress and the several States shall ha concurrent power to enforce this article by appr priate legislation. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it sha have been ratified as an amendment to the Const tution by the Legislatures of the several States, a provided in the Constitution, within seven year from the date of the submission hereof to the State by the Congress. ARTICLE XIX. Giving Nation-Wide Suffrage to Women. The following amendment was proposed to the Legis latures of the several States by the Sixty-fifth Congres having been adopted by the House of Representatives May 21, 1919, and by the Senate, June 4, 1919. August 26, 1920, the United States Secretary of State proclaimed it in effect, having been adopted (June 19. 1919-August 18, 1920) by three-quarters of the States The Tennessee House, August 31, rescinded its ratifi cation, 47 to 24. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. 2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of this article. THE PROPOSED ARTICLE XX. The following amendment was proposed to the Legis latures of the several States by the Sixty-eighth Congress, having been adopted as a joint resolution by the House of Representatives (297 to 69) on Aprü 26, 1924. and by the Senate (61 to 23) on June 2, 1924. Section 1-The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age. Section 2-The power of the several States is unimpatred by this article except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress. Up to the close of 1925 the above Federal amend ment had been adopted by the Legislatures of only four States-Arizona, Arkansas, California, and Wisconsin. No action has been taken by the Legislatures of four States-Alabama, Maryland, Mississippi and Virginia The amendment upon submission has failed of ratification in the Legislatures of the following States: Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida. Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico. New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington West Virginia, and Wyoming. Massachusetts voters in a referendum in 1924 rejected the proposed amendment by a vote of 697,563 to 241.461, after which the State Legislature formally voted it down. LAW AGAINST THREATENING THE PRESIDENT. The following federal law, inspired by the assassina- | exceeding $1.000 or imprisoned not exceeding five tion of President McKinley, makes it specifically a crime to threaten to kill or harm the Chief Executive of the Nation. Chap. 64-U. S. Statutes-An act to punish persons who make threats against the President of the United States. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that any person who knowingly or willfully deposits or causes to be deposited for conveyance in the mall or for delivery from any post office or by any letter carrier any letter, paper, writing, print, missive, or document containing any threat to take the life or to inflict bodily harm upon the President of the United States, or who knowingly or willfully otherwise makes any such threat against the President, shall upon conviction be fined not years, or both. Sec. 140. Whoever shall knowingly and willfully obstruct, resist, or oppose any officer of the United States, or any other person duly authorized, in serving, or attempting to serve or execute, any mesne process or warrant, or any rule or order, or any other legal or judicial writ or process of any court of the United States, or United States commissioner, or shall assault, beat, or wound any officer or other person duly authorized, knowing him to be suc officer, or other person so duly authorized, in serving or executing any such writ, rule, order, proces warrant, or other legal or judicial writ or process, shall be fined not more than three hundred dollari and imprisoned not more than one year. (35 Stat. 1114.) BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF THE PRESIDENTS. i Grant's baptismal Christian name was Hiram Drases: Cleveland's was Stephen Grover; Wilson's Was Thomas Woodrow: Coolidge's was John Calvin. RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS. Episcopalians-Washington, Madison, Monroe, On W. H. Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, Pierce, Arthur. Presbyterians-Jackson, Polk, Buchanan, Lincoln, Cleveland, Benj. Harrison, Wilson. Methodists-Johnson, Grant, Hayes, McKinley. Congregationalist Coolidge. plea Garfield. Jefferson did not claim membership in any demination. ANCESTRY. English-Washington, J. Adams, Madison, J. Q. Adatus, W. H. Harrison, Tyler, Taylor, Fillmore, Lincoin, Johnson, Grant, Garfield, CleveHarrison, Taft, Coolidge. Pierce Scotch-Irish-Jackson, Dutch-Van Buren, Roosevelt. The following Presidents were lawyers-J. Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, J. Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Tyler, Polk, Pierce, Buchanan, Lincoln, Hayes, Garfield, Cleveland, B. Harrison, McKinley, Taft, Wilson, Coolldge. Washington was a farmer and surveyor; Fillmore and Johnson were tailors. PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL The Continental Congress was in session at intervals from Sept. 5, 1774, to Oct. 21, 1788, at Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, Pa., York, Pa., Princeton, N. J., Annapolis, Md., Trenton, N. J., and New York City. The Presidents of that Congress, with the dates of their election, were- (1) Peyton Randolph, Va., Sept. 5, 1774: (2) Henry Middleton, S. C., Oct. 22, 1774; (3) Peyton Randolph, Va., May 10, 1775; (4) John Hancock, Mass., May 24, 1775; (5) Laurens Sanco 177786) John Jay Nenry Dec. 10, 1778; (7) Samuel Huntington, Conn., Sept. 28, 1779; (8) Thomas McKean, Del., July 10, 1781; (9) John Hanson, Md., Nov. 5, 1781; (10) Elias Boudinot, N. J., Nov. 4, 1782; (11) Thomas Mifflin, Nov. 3, 1783; (12) R. H. Lee, Va., Nov. 30, 1784; (13) John Hancock, Mass., Nov. 23, 1785 (sick and did not serve); (14) Nathaniel Gorham, Mass., June 6, 1786; (15) Arthur St. Clair, Pa., Feb. 2, 1787; (16) Cyrus Griffin, Va., Jan. 22, 1788. |