In the north-east angle of this chapel a door opens to the staircase which leads to the roof. [This is shown in Plate XVII.]

The south chapel was fitted as a chantry, the place of his own burial, by Bishop LANGTON (died 1500). The brasses have been removed from his altar-tomb. De Lucy's window shafts remain east and south; but the Perpendicular windows are Langton's insertions. The wood-work is very rich and beautiful, and the vault (Langton's) most elaborate. Remark the rebuses on it. The musical note termed a long inserted into a ton for Langton; a vine and ton for his see, Winton; and a hen sitting on a ton for his prior, Hunton. The dragon issuing from a ton is also a rebus for Winton, and is explained from the Vulgate: "Ne intucaris vinum quando flavescit; cum splenduerit in vitro color ejus ingreditur blande, sed in novissimo mordebit ut coluber, et sicut regulus venena diffundet."-Prov. xxiii. 31, 32. On bands round the lower springers of the vault are the words, Laus tibi Christe," the motto of Langton. There is a rich Perpendicular reredos, with eleven niches.

XXIV. The aisles of the presbytery were rebuilt, as has already been said, by Bishop Fox and Prior Silkstede, between 1500 and 1528. The Norman aisles were then taken down, and the Perpendicular walls were connected with the exterior walls of De Lucy's work.

Under the third window from the west, of the south choir aisle, is the matrix of the brass of Bishop

COURTENAY (died 1492). On the wall of the presbytery is an inscription, recording that within it is the heart of Bishop Nicholas of Ely, died 1280," whose body is at Waverley" (the Cistercian house of that name in Surrey); and another above a marble tomb, marking the resting-place of Richard, "son of William the Conqueror, and Duke of Beornia." The "Dux Beornie," however, is an error, probably dating from the time of Bishop Fox, and perhaps arising from the misinterpretation of an older inscription, which recorded that "Duke Beorn," nephew of Canute, was buried here. Like his brother Rufus, Richard was killed in the New Forest, and his death was looked upon as one of the many judgments which befel the Norman "lords of the chase" in that place, where, as it is asserted, churches, altars, and villages had been destroyed to make room for the wild deer.

XXV. The Chapter Library was long kept in the sacristy enclosed by Bishop De Blois from the western aisle of the south transept. It is now placed in rooms which are approached by a staircase from the southern aisle of the same transept. The great treasure of the library is a superbly illuminated Vulgate, in three folio volumes. It has usually been considered the work of different periods; but Dr. Waagen is "inclined to pronounce it, judging from forms and execution, entirely the work of the first half of the twelfth century." It much resembles another Vulgate in the library of St. Geneviève at Paris, the writer of which styles himself "Manerius scriptor Cantuariensis."

This latter, however, is of the first half of the thirteenth century.

XXVI. The archæologist should visit the roofs of the cathedral. In the roof of the nave may be seen the original Norman shafts running up above Wykeham's vault, and in those of the aisles the Norman arches of the triforium, best developed at the east end of the nave aisle-roof. The transept roofs show to this day what Bishop Walkelin did with Hempage-wood. (See Part II.) From the leads of the tower there is a very striking view over the city and its environs.

XXVII. Portions of the exterior of the cathedral have already been described. For the west front, and the bays adjoining, which are assigned to Edingdon, see § III., where the difference between Edingdon's buttresses and windows and those of Wykeham is pointed out. The pinnacles which crown the buttresses of the nave are throughout Wykeham's. For the external evidences that towers were to have been erected at the angles of the transepts see § XIII. The rich Perpendicular work of the choir aisles, constructed by Bishop Fox, deserves special attention. They are identified with Fox by his badges and emblems, which abound in this part of the work. "The east end gable is crowned by his statue resting on his emblem, the pelican. The north corbel of the hood mould of this east window is a most characteristic portrait bust of a bishop, evidently Fox, from the resemblance to his head above. The flying buttresses, which the jointings of the masonry prove to have been subse

quent insertions into the wall of the clerestory, have also the pelican of Fox carved upon them."-Willis. The clerestory walls into which these buttresses are inserted were, as we have seen (§ XV.) the work of Bishop Edingdon. The external character of De Lucy's work, the gable of the presbytery, with Fox's statue, and a portion of the Lady-chapel, are shown in Plate XIX.

XXVIII. Leaving the cathedral by the western door, the visitor should pass into the Close, on the south side. Upon the buttress at the south-west corner is an anagram forming the words "Illac precator, hac viator, ambula ;" and in the " slype," or short passage in front, another with the date 1632. The words here run,- "Sacra sit illa choro, serva fit ista foro." Before 1632 there was a public passage through the nave of the cathedral. In order to prevent this, the slype was opened in that year, and the anagrams placed on the walls. The Close, which is now entered, occupies the site of the monastic cloisters, which, with the chapter-house and other buildings, were taken down by Bishop Horne in 1563. Traces of these, however, and considerable remains of other parts of the priory, the principal of which is the present deanery, formerly the prior's house, remain, and should be noticed. The priory consisted of a prior and sixty monks (Benedictines). Its annual revenue, at the dissolution, amounted to £1500, and was then applied to the support of the new chapter, consisting of a dean, prebendaries, and

canons.